4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 51 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Sarah B. Shields, Individually and as Representative of All Others Similarly Situated v. Citytrust Bancorp, Inc., George F. Taylor and Irwin Engelman.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sarah B. Shields, Individually and as Representative of All Others Similarly Situated v. Citytrust Bancorp, Inc., George F. Taylor and Irwin Engelman Anchor | green | “(1) specify the statements that the plaintiff contends were fraudulent, (2) identify the speaker, (3) state where and when the statements were made, and (4) explain why the statements were fraudulent.” | 39 |
| 2 | Katzman v. Victoria's Secret Catalogue | green | “acquisition or maintenance injury” | 5 |
| 3 | Calabrese v. CSC Holdings, Inc. | green | “in cases in which the plaintiff claims that mail and wire fraud were in furtherance of a larger scheme to defraud, the communications themselves need not have contained false or misleading information.” | 4 |
| 4 | Calabrese v. CSC Holdings, Inc. | green | “the communications themselves need not have contained false or misleading information.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.