6 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 49 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States Ex Rel. Snapp, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States Ex Rel. Snapp, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. Anchor | green | “so long as a plaintiff pleads sufficient detail-in terms of time, place, and content, the nature of a defendant's fraudulent scheme, and the injury resulting from the fraud-to allow the defendant to prepare a responsive pleading, the requirements of rule 9(b) will generally be m…” | 15 |
| 2 | United States v. Community Health Systems, Inc. | green | “allege the time, place, and content of the alleged misrepresentation on which he or she relied; the fraudulent scheme; the fraudulent intent of the defendants; and the injury resulting from the fraud.” | 9 |
| 3 | US Ex Rel. Marlar v. Bwxt Y-12, LLC | green | “where a complaint alleges 'a complex and far-reaching fraudulent scheme,' then that scheme must be pleaded with particularity and the complaint must also 'provide examples of specific' fraudulent conduct that are 'representative samples' of the scheme.” | 8 |
| 4 | United States Ex Rel. Snapp, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. | green | “should not be read to defeat the general policy of simplicity and flexibility in pleadings contemplated by the federal rules.” | 8 |
| 5 | D.E. & J Ltd. Partnership v. Conaway | green | “group pleading' . . . fails to meet . . . rule 9(b)'s specificity requirements . . . .” | 5 |
| 6 | Anthony Williams v. Duke Energy International, Inc | green | “rule 9(b) does not require omniscience; rather the rule requires that the circumstances of the fraud be pled with enough specificity to put the opposing party on notice as to the nature of the claim.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.