4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 306 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Notra Trulock, Iii v. Louis J. Freeh.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Notra Trulock, Iii v. Louis J. Freeh Anchor | green | “personal, based upon each defendant's own constitutional violations.” | 130 |
| 2 | Torrey F. Wilcox v. Betty Brown | green | “where it is affirmatively shown that the official charged acted personally” | 81 |
| 3 | Nancy Loftus v. David Bobzien | green | “to state a claim under 1983, a plaintiff must allege the violation of a right secured by the constitution and laws of the united states, and must show that the alleged deprivation was committed by a person acting under color of state law.” | 72 |
| 4 | Notra Trulock, Iii v. Louis J. Freeh | green | “personal, based upon each defendant's own constitutional violations” | 23 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.