3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 47 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ray v. City of Chicago.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ray v. City of Chicago Anchor | green | “while the federal pleading standard is quite forgiving, ... the complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” | 18 |
| 2 | Thomas Chapman v. Yellow Cab Cooperative | green | “it is manifestly inappropriate for a district court to demand that complaints contain all legal elements (or factors) plus facts corresponding to each.” | 16 |
| 3 | Thomas Chapman v. Yellow Cab Cooperative | green | “ever since their adoption in 1938, the federal rules of civil procedure have required plaintiffs to plead claims rather than facts corresponding to the elements of a legal theory.” | 13 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.