3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 36 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Colbert v. City of Chicago.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Colbert v. City of Chicago Anchor | green | “individual liability under 1983 . . . requires personal involvement in the alleged constitutional deprivation.” | 16 |
| 2 | Hukic v. Aurora Loan Services | green | “courts have broad discretion to deny leave to amend where . . . the amendment would be futile” | 13 |
| 3 | Colbert v. City of Chicago | green | “ndividual liability under 1983 . . . requires personal involvement in the alleged constitutional deprivation.” | 7 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.