4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 44 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Heller Financial, Inc. v. Midwhey Powder Co., Inc..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heller Financial, Inc. v. Midwhey Powder Co., Inc. Anchor | green | “affirmative defenses are pleadings and, therefore, are subject to all pleading requirements of the federal rules of civil procedure.” | 17 |
| 2 | Heller Financial, Inc. v. Midwhey Powder Co., Inc. | green | “potentially serve only to delay.” | 17 |
| 3 | United States v. 416.81 Acres of Land, Etc., and Mercantile National Bank of Indiana, as Trustee | green | “present substantial questions of law or fact” | 5 |
| 4 | Billie Williams v. Jader Fuel Company, Inc. | green | “will not be granted unless it appears to a certainty that plaintiffs would succeed despite any state of facts which could be proved in support of the defense.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.