9 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 276 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Carolyn Morgan v. Church's Fried Chicken.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Carolyn Morgan v. Church's Fried Chicken Anchor | green | “need not accept as true legal conclusions or unwarranted factual inferences.” | 55 |
| 2 | Association of Cleveland Fire Fighters v. City of Cleveland | green | “factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above a speculative level.” | 48 |
| 3 | Commercial Money Center, Inc. v. Illinois Union Insurance | green | “when a document is referred to in the pleadings and is integral to the claims, it may be considered without converting a motion to dismiss into one for summary judgment.” | 38 |
| 4 | Columbia Natural Resources, Inc. v. Tatum | green | “however, while liberal, this standard of review does require more than the bare assertion of legal conclusions.” | 36 |
| 5 | Commercial Money Center, Inc. v. Illinois Union Insurance | green | “documents attached to the pleadings become part of the pleadings and may be considered on a motion to dismiss.” | 31 |
| 6 | Fabian v. Fulmer Helmets, Inc. | green | “draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged,' a plaintiffs claims must survive a motion to dismiss.” | 23 |
| 7 | Columbia Natural Resources, Inc. v. Tatum | green | “bare assertion of legal conclusions.” | 18 |
| 8 | INDIANA STATE DIST. COUNCIL OF LABORER v. Omnicare | green | “(1) specify the statements that the plaintiff contends were fraudulent, (2) identify the speaker, (3) state where and when the statements were made, and (4) explain why the statements were fraudulent.” | 15 |
| 9 | Northville Downs v. Governor of Michigan | green | “a court may consider matters of public record in deciding a motion to dismiss without converting the motion to one for summary judgment.” | 12 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.