8 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 42 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Philip Morris USA v. Williams.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Philip Morris USA v. Williams Anchor | green | “the constitution's due process clause forbids a state to use a punitive damages award to punish a defendant for injury that it inflicts upon nonparties or those whom they directly represent, i.e., injury that it inflicts upon those who are, essentially, strangers to the litigati…” | 8 |
| 2 | Carol Campbell v. Boston Scientific Corporation | green | “based on theories of negligence and strict liability for both design defects and failure to warn.” | 6 |
| 3 | Carol Campbell v. Boston Scientific Corporation | green | “consolidation is not appropriate if it would deny a party a fair trial.” | 6 |
| 4 | In re Biomet M2a Magnum Hip Implant Products Liability Litigation | green | “individualized, plaintiff-specific issues will predominate among the actions.” | 6 |
| 5 | Carol Campbell v. Boston Scientific Corporation | green | “the district court endeavored throughout the trial to limit any potential jury confusion or prejudice resulting from the consolidation.” | 4 |
| 6 | In re Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | green | “central issues in these cases may well be whether a common defect has led to the injuries alleged.” | 4 |
| 7 | In re Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | green | “centralization will serve the convenience of the parties and witnesses and promote the just and efficient conduct of the litigation.” | 4 |
| 8 | In re Biomet M2a Magnum Hip Implant Products Liability Litigation | green | “almost all injury litigation involves questions of causation that are case- and plaintiff-specific.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.