3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 40 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Douglas Echols v. Spencer Lawton.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Douglas Echols v. Spencer Lawton Anchor | green | “qualified immunity shields public officials from liability for civil damages when their conduct does not violate a constitutional right that was clearly established at the time of the challenged action.” | 18 |
| 2 | Treneshia Dukes v. Nicholas Deaton | green | “bears the initial burden to prove that he acted within his discretionary authority.” | 15 |
| 3 | Omar Paez v. Claudia Mulvey | green | “the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show that qualified immunity is not appropriate.” | 7 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.