9 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 251 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Smith v. Maryland.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smith v. Maryland Anchor | red | “a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties.” | 53 |
| 2 | Kyllo v. United States | green | “a fourth amendment search occurs when the government violates a subjective expectation of privacy that society recognizes as reasonable.” | 49 |
| 3 | Smith v. Maryland | red | “legitimate expectation of privacy” | 46 |
| 4 | United States v. Jones | green | “the katz reasonable-expectation-of-privacy test has been added to, not substituted for, the common-law trespassory test.” | 29 |
| 5 | United States v. Miller | red | “even if the information is revealed on the assumption that it will be used only for a limited purpose and the confidence placed in the third party will not be betrayed.” | 18 |
| 6 | United States v. Jones | green | “gps monitoring generates a precise, comprehensive record of a person's public movements that reflects a wealth of detail about her familial, political, professional, religious, and sexual associations.” | 17 |
| 7 | Smith v. Maryland | red | “this court consistently has held that a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties.” | 16 |
| 8 | United States v. Miller | red | “the fourth amendment does not prohibit the obtaining of information revealed to a third party and conveyed by him to government authorities, even if the information is revealed on the assumption that it will be used only for a limited purpose and the confidence placed in the thi…” | 12 |
| 9 | United States v. Miller | red | “assert neither ownership nor possession” | 11 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.