C.F.R. » Title 40 » CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY › SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL › PART 19—ADJUSTMENT OF CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES FOR INFLATION

40 C.F.R. § 19.4

Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and tables

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Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third column setting out the latest operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after January 8, 2025. The fourth column displays the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels where penalties were assessed on or after December 27, 2023, but before January 8, 2025. Table 2 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provision of statutes administered by the EPA, with the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels, as adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.

Table 1 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

U.S. code citationEnvironmental statuteStatutory civil monetary
penalties for violations
that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015,
where penalties are
assessed on or after
January 8, 2025		Statutory civil monetary
penalties for violations
that occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties were
assessed on or after
December 27, 2023,
but before
January 8, 2025		Statutory civil monetary
penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1)FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)$24,885$24,255$5,000
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) 1FIFRA3,650/2,353/3,6503,558/2,293/3,5581,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA)49,77248,51237,500
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)TSCA14,30813,9465,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)TSCA11,82311,5245,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA)14,30813,9465,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)PFCRA14,30813,9465,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)68,44566,71225,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)CWA27,378/68,44526,685/66,71210,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)CWA27,378/342,21826,685/333,55210,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)CWA23,647/59,11423,048/57,61710,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)CWA23,647/295,56423,048/288,08010,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)CWA59,114/2,36457,617/2,30425,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)CWA59,11457,61725,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)CWA59,11457,61725,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)CWA236,451/7,093230,464/6,913100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)(A)MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA)1,5751,535600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)MPRSA248,851/328,265242,550/319,95350,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A))CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO)18,142/45,35417,683/44,20610,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B))CACSO18,142/226,76817,683/221,02610,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1))CACSO45,35444,20625,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1)ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (APPS)93,05890,70225,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2)APPS18,61018,1395,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)SDWA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)SDWA14,308/49,84813,946/48,5865,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)SDWA49,84848,58625,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)SDWA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)SDWA28,619/357,72927,894/348,67110,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)SDWA14,308/357,72913,946/348,6715,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)SDWA24,885/53,08824,255/51,7445,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)SDWA29,91129,15415,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)SDWA174,109/1,741,100169,700/1,697,012100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)SDWA12,44212,1272,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)SDWA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)SDWA49,84848,58625,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)SDWA13,132/131,30812,799/127,9835,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 199222,26321,69910,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 197247,04145,85010,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)124,426121,27525,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)RCRA74,94373,04525,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)RCRA93,05890,70225,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)RCRA74,94373,04525,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)RCRA18,61018,1395,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)RCRA18,61018,1395,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)RCRA74,94373,04525,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)RCRA29,98029,22110,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)RCRA29,98029,22110,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)124,426121,27525,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)CAA59,114/472,90157,617/460,92625,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)CAA11,82311,5245,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)CAA59,114/5,91157,617/5,76125,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)CAA472,901460,926200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)CAA59,11457,61725,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)CERCLA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)CERCLA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)CERCLA71,545/214,63769,733/209,20225,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)CERCLA71,545/214,63769,733/209,20225,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A)EPCRA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)EPCRA71,545/214,63769,733/209,20225,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)EPCRA71,545/214,63769,733/209,20225,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)EPCRA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)EPCRA28,61927,89410,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)EPCRA71,54569,73325,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT)19,94219,43710,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)BATTERY ACT19,94219,43710,000
1 Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).

Table 2 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

U.S. Code citationEnvironmental statuteStatutory civil penalties for violations after December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, or assessed before August 1, 2016Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013Statutory civil penalties for violations after March 15, 2004 through January 12, 2009Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 30, 1997 through March 15, 2004Statutory civil penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1)FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)$7,500$7,500$6,500$5,500$5,000
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2)FIFRA750/1,100750/1,100650/1,100550/1,000500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)TSCA7,5007,5006,5005,5005,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)TSCA7,5007,5005,5005,0005,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA)7,5007,5006,5005,5005,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)PFCRA7,5007,5006,5005,5005,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)CWA16,000/37,50016,000/37,50011,000/32,50011,000/27,50010,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)CWA16,000/187,50016,000/177,50011,000/157,50011,000/137,50010,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)CWA16,000/37,50016,000/37,50011,000/32,50011,000/27,50010,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)CWA16,000/187,50016,000/177,50011,000/157,50011,000/137,50010,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)CWA37,500/2,10037,500/1,10032,500/1,10027,500/1,10025,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)CWA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)CWA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)CWA150,000/5,300140,000/4,300130,000/4,300110,000/3,300100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1) 1MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA)860860760660600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)MPRSA75,000/187,50070,000/177,50065,000/157,50055,000/137,50050,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A))CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO)11,000/27,50011,000/27,50010,000/25,00010,000/2 25,00010,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B))CACSO11,000/147,50011,000/137,50010,000/125,00010,000/125,00010,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1))CACSO27,50027,50025,00025,00025,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)SDWA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)SDWA7,000/32,5007,000/32,5006,000/27,5005,000/25,0005,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)SDWA32,50032,50027,50025,00025,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)SDWA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)SDWA16,000/187,50016,000/177,50011,000/157,50011,000/137,50010,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)SDWA7,500/187,5007,500/177,5006,500/157,5005,500/137,5005,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)SDWA7,500/16,0007,500/16,0006,500/11,0005,500/11,0005,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)SDWA21,50016,50016,50015,00015,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)SDWA120,000/1,150,000110,000/1,100,000100,000/1,000,00022,000/3 55,00020,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)SDWA3,7503,7502,7502,7502,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)SDWA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)SDWA32,50032,50027,50025,00025,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)SDWA7,500/75,0007,500/70,0006,500/65,0005,500/55,0005,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 199216,00016,00011,00011,00010,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 197216,00016,00011,00011,00010,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)RCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)RCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)RCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)RCRA7,5007,5006,5005,5005,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)RCRA7,5007,5006,5005,5005,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)RCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)RCRA16,00016,00011,00011,00010,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)RCRA16,00016,00011,00011,00010,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)CAA37,500/320,00037,500/295,00032,500/270,00027,500/220,00025,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)CAA7,5007,5006,5005,5005,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)CAA3,750/37,5003,750/37,5002,750/32,5002,750/27,5002,500/25,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)CAA320,000295,000270,000220,000200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)CAA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)CERCLA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)CERCLA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)CERCLA37,500/117,50037,500/107,50032,500/97,50027,500/82,50025,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)CERCLA37,500/117,50037,500/107,50032,500/97,50027,500/82,50025,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) 4EPCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)EPCRA37,500/117,50037,500/107,50032,500/97,50027,500/82,50025,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)EPCRA37,500/117,50037,500/107,50032,500/97,50027,500/82,50025,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)EPCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)EPCRA16,00016,00011,00011,00010,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)EPCRA37,50037,50032,50027,50025,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT)16,00016,00011,00010,00010,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)BATTERY ACT16,00016,00011,00010,00010,000
1 Note that 33 U.S.C. 1414b (d)(1)(B) contains additional penalty escalation provisions that must be applied to the penalty amounts set forth in this Table 2. The amounts set forth in this Table 2 reflect an inflation adjustment to the calendar year 1992 penalty amount expressed in section 104B(d)(1)(A), which is used to calculate the applicable penalty amount under MPRSA section 104B(d)(1)(B) for violations that occur in any subsequent calendar year.
2 CACSO was passed on December 21, 2000 as part of Title XIV of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001, Public Law 106-554, 33 U.S.C. 1901 note.
3 The original statutory penalty amounts of $20,000 and $50,000 under section 1432(c) of the SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c), were subsequently increased by Congress pursuant to section 403 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Public Law 107-188 (June 12, 2002), to $100,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The EPA did not adjust these new penalty amounts in its 2004 Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Rule (“2004 Rule”), published on February 13, 2004, because they had gone into effect less than two years prior to the 2004 Rule.
4 Consistent with how the EPA's other penalty authorities are displayed under this section, this Table 2 now delineates, on a subpart-by-subpart basis, the penalty authorities enumerated under section 325(b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. 11045(b) (i.e., 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A), (b)(2), and (b)(3)).
[85 FR 1753, Jan. 13, 2020, as amended at 85 FR 83820, Dec. 23, 2020; 87 FR 1678, Jan. 12, 2022; 88 FR 988, Jan. 6, 2023; 88 FR 89311, Dec. 27, 2023; 90 FR 1377, Jan. 8, 2025]
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 66 cases (23 in the last 5 years), 2003–2025 · leading case: Utah Physic. for Healthy Env't v. Diesel Power Gear
Sort: Relevance Newest Treatment
Utah Physic. for Healthy Env't v. Diesel Power Gear (2021) ca10 · cites it 7× “See 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 tbl.1. 4 40 C.F.R. § 19.”
Edwin Hardeman v. Monsanto Company (2021) ca9 · cites it 3× “§ 136j(a)(1)(E); 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 ; Cal. Health & Safety Code § 25249.”
Sierra Club v. Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. (2016) ca10 · cites it 2× “§ 7413 ; 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 . Wasting no time, OG&E made that argument here as support for its statute of limitations -8- theory.”
County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund (2020) scotus · cites it 2× “The Act authorizes as much as $54,833 in fines per day (or more than $20 million per year), 40 CFR §19.4 ; 84 Fed. Reg. 2059 , and contains a 5-year statute of limitations, 28 U.”
Clean Air Council v. E. Scott Pruitt (2017) cadc · cites it 2× “§ 7604(a) (authorizing citizens’ suits for alleged violations of emissions standards); 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 (establishing the schedule of fines for CAA violations).”
Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA (2014) scotus “§§7413(b), 7604(a), (f)(4); 40 CFR §19.4 . EPA itself has recently affirmed that the “independent enforcement authority” furnished by the citizen-suit provision cannot be displaced by a permitting authority’s decision not to pursue enforcement.”
Sackett v. EPA (2023) scotus “989 (2023) (to be codifed in 40 CFR § 19.4 ). And due to the Act's 5-year statute of limitations, 28 U.”
United States v. DiPaolo (2006) nysd · cites it 2× “Although § 6991e(a)(3) provides for a penalty of $25,000 per day for noncompliance with the EPA's final administrative order, this amount has been adjusted for inflation, pursuant to 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 , and is, at present, $32,500.”
General Electric Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) cadc “§ 9606 (b)(1); 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 . In addition, under § 107(c)(3), the court may impose punitive damages “in an amount at least equal to, and not more than three times, the amount of any costs incurred by the Fund as a result of such failure to take proper action.”
United States v. Dico, Inc. (2015) ca8 · cites it 2× “See 40 C.F.R. § 19.4 . -14- violation, it has the discretion of whether to impose civil penalties.”
City and County of San Francisco v. EPA (2025) scotus “See §§1319(c) and (d); 40 CFR §19.4 (2023). At the same time, the CWA holds out an enticing “carrot.”
United States v. EME Homer City Generation, L.P (2013) ca3 “40 C.F.R. § 19.4 . 13 . The EPA does not argue that the Clean Air Act imposes successor liability on the Current Owners for the Former Owners' alleged violation of the PSD Program.”
Show all 66 citing cases →
— 40 C.F.R. § 19.4(2015) — 1 case
United States v. Yetim (2017) nyed
Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.