Florida Statute 63.32 - Full Text and Legal Analysis

The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title VI
CIVIL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE

Chapter 63
ADOPTION

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F.S. 63.032

63.032 Definitions.—As used in this chapter, the term:

(1) “Abandoned” means a situation in which the parent or person having legal custody of a child, while being able, makes little or no provision for the child’s support or makes little or no effort to communicate with the child, which situation is sufficient to evince an intent to reject parental responsibilities. If, in the opinion of the court, the efforts of such parent or person having legal custody of the child to support and communicate with the child are only marginal efforts that do not evince a settled purpose to assume all parental duties, the court may declare the child to be abandoned. In making this decision, the court may consider the conduct of a father towards the child’s mother during her pregnancy.

(2) “Adoption” means the act of creating the legal relationship between parent and child where it did not exist, thereby declaring the child to be legally the child of the adoptive parents and their heir at law and entitled to all the rights and privileges and subject to all the obligations of a child born to such adoptive parents in lawful wedlock.

(3) “Adoption entity” means the department, a child-caring agency registered under s. 409.176, an intermediary, a Florida child-placing agency licensed under s. 63.202, or a child-placing agency licensed in another state which is licensed by the department to place children in the State of Florida.

(4) “Adoption plan” means an arrangement made by a birth parent or other individual having a legal right to custody of a minor, born or to be born, with an adoption entity in furtherance of placing the minor for adoption.

(5) “Adult” means a person who is not a minor.

(6) “Agency” means any child-placing agency licensed by the department pursuant to s. 63.202 to place minors for adoption.

(7) “Child” means any unmarried person under the age of 18 years who has not been emancipated by court order.

(8) “Court” means a circuit court of this state and, if the context requires, the court of any state that is empowered to grant petitions for adoption.

(9) “Department” means the Department of Children and Families.

(10) “Intermediary” means an attorney who is licensed or authorized to practice in this state and who is placing or intends to place a child for adoption, including placing children born in another state with citizens of this state or country or placing children born in this state with citizens of another state or country.

(11) “Legal custody” has the meaning ascribed in s. 39.01.

(12) “Parent” means a woman who gives birth to a child and who is not a gestational surrogate as defined in s. 742.13 or a man whose consent to the adoption of the child would be required under s. 63.062(1). If a child has been legally adopted, the term “parent” means the adoptive mother or father of the child. The term does not include an individual whose parental relationship to the child has been legally terminated or an alleged or prospective parent.

(13) “Person” includes a natural person, corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, or association, and any other legal entity.

(14) “Placement” means the process of a parent or legal guardian surrendering a child for adoption and the prospective adoptive parents receiving and adopting the child and all actions by any adoption entity participating in placing the child.

(15) “Primarily lives and works outside Florida” means that a person lives and works outside this state at least 6 months and 1 day per year, is a member of the military who designates a state other than Florida as his or her place of residence in accordance with the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, Pub. L. No. 108-189, or is a citizen of the United States living in a foreign country who designates a state other than Florida as his or her place of residence.

(16) “Relative” means a person related by blood to the person being adopted within the third degree of consanguinity.

(17) “Suitability of the intended placement” means the fitness of the intended placement, with primary consideration being given to the best interests of the child.

(18) “To place” means the process whereby a parent or legal guardian surrenders a child for adoption and the prospective adoptive parents receive and adopt the child, and includes all actions by any person or adoption entity participating in the process.

(19) “Unmarried biological father” means the child’s biological father who is not married to the child’s mother at the time of conception or on the date of the birth of the child and who, before the filing of a petition to terminate parental rights, has not been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to be the legal father of the child or has not filed an affidavit pursuant to s. 382.013(2)(c).

History.—s. 3, ch. 73-159; s. 3, ch. 75-226; s. 14, ch. 77-147; s. 2, ch. 80-296; s. 2, ch. 82-166; s. 1, ch. 84-101; s. 3, ch. 87-397; s. 1, ch. 88-109; ss. 3, 25, ch. 92-96; s. 11, ch. 97-101; s. 7, ch. 2001-3; s. 2, ch. 2003-58; s. 6, ch. 2007-5; s. 3, ch. 2008-151; s. 3, ch. 2012-81; s. 26, ch. 2014-19.

F.S. 63.032 on Google Scholar

F.S. 63.032 on CourtListener

Amendments to 63.032

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 63.032

Total Results: 65

Heart of Adoptions, Inc. v. JA

963 So. 2d 189, 32 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 455, 2007 Fla. LEXIS 1236, 2007 WL 2002660

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jul 12, 2007 | Docket: 2371655

Cited 134 times | Published

entity is located in Hillsborough County." [4] Section 63.032(12), Florida Statutes (2005), provides that

In Re Adoption of Baby EAW

658 So. 2d 961, 1995 WL 424169

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jul 20, 1995 | Docket: 439113

Cited 83 times | Published

DETERMINATION OF ABANDONMENT AS DEFINED BY SECTION 63.032(14), FLORIDA STATUTES (SUPP. 1992), MAY A TRIAL

Lofton v. Secretary of the Department of Children & Family Services

358 F.3d 804, 2004 U.S. App. LEXIS 1383, 2004 WL 161275

Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | Filed: Jan 28, 2004 | Docket: 65656055

Cited 36 times | Published

legal equivalent of natural parenthood. Fla. Stat. § 63.032(2). Foster care and legal guardianship are designed

In Re Adoption of a Minor Child

593 So. 2d 185, 16 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 771, 1991 Fla. LEXIS 2126, 1991 WL 259752

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Dec 12, 1991 | Docket: 1508912

Cited 18 times | Published

child an intermediary within the definition of section 63.032(8)[, Florida Statutes (1987)]? (2) Are grandparents

D.M.T. v. T.M.H.

129 So. 3d 320, 38 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 812, 2013 WL 5942278, 2013 Fla. LEXIS 2422

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Nov 7, 2013 | Docket: 60237374

Cited 13 times | Published

would be required under s. 63.062(1),” and section 63.032(12), Florida Statutes, similarly defines “[pjarent”

GT v. Adoption of AET

725 So. 2d 404, 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 64, 1999 WL 2701

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 5, 1999 | Docket: 1294020

Cited 12 times | Published

the child. The term "abandoned" is defined in § 63.032(14): "Abandoned" means a situation in which the

In Re SNW

912 So. 2d 368, 2005 WL 2467056

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 7, 2005 | Docket: 1755613

Cited 9 times | Published

and therefore an adoption entity pursuant to section 63.032(3), Florida Statutes (2004), seeks review of

Wtj v. Ewr

721 So. 2d 723, 1998 WL 830615

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Dec 3, 1998 | Docket: 1323145

Cited 9 times | Published

abandonment of his minor child within the meaning of section 63.032, Florida Statutes (1995)." 702 So.2d at 1343

T.M.H. v. D.M.T.

79 So. 3d 787

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 23, 2011 | Docket: 60305382

Cited 7 times | Published

of pregnancy ....”) (emphasis added); see also § 63.032(12), Fla. Stat. (2008) (“ ‘[Pjarenfi means a woman

Js v. Sa

912 So. 2d 650, 2005 WL 2292311

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 21, 2005 | Docket: 1755682

Cited 7 times | Published

another). An "adoption entity" is defined in section 63.032 as: [T]he department, an agency, a child-caring

Lofton v. Secretary of the Department of Children & Family Services

377 F.3d 1275

Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | Filed: Jan 28, 2004 | Docket: 397885

Cited 7 times | Published

legal equivalent of natural parenthood. Fla. Stat. § 63.032(2). 54 Foster care and legal

Beard v. Hamilton

512 So. 2d 1088, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 2285

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 16, 1987 | Docket: 473312

Cited 5 times | Published

under chapter 63 as the term is defined in section 63.032(9), Florida Statutes (1985). Placement means

Gs v. Tb

985 So. 2d 978, 33 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 325, 2008 Fla. LEXIS 1243

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: May 22, 2008 | Docket: 1673428

Cited 4 times | Published

such adoptive parents in lawful wedlock." See § 63.032(2), Fla. Stat. (2005). The rights of adopted children

In Re Adoption of Baby A.

944 So. 2d 380, 2006 WL 2033896

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 21, 2006 | Docket: 1649311

Cited 3 times | Published

definition of "mother" or "father." Rather, section 63.032(12) states that the word "parent" as used in

Bb v. Pjm

933 So. 2d 57, 2006 WL 1373243

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 22, 2006 | Docket: 1712103

Cited 3 times | Published

"established by court proceeding to be his child." See § 63.032(19), Fla. Stat. (2004) (defining the phrase "unmarried

Maf v. Ejs

917 So. 2d 236, 2005 WL 3327780

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 9, 2005 | Docket: 2533465

Cited 3 times | Published

towards the child's mother during her pregnancy. § 63.032(1), Fla. Stat. (2004). As we have explained, a

Adoption Miracles, LLC v. S.C.W.

912 So. 2d 368, 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 16035

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 7, 2005 | Docket: 64840609

Cited 3 times | Published

and therefore an adoption entity pursuant to section 63.032(3), Florida Statutes (2004), seeks review of

Tmh v. Dmt

79 So. 3d 787, 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 20502, 2011 WL 6437247

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 23, 2011 | Docket: 138267

Cited 2 times | Published

of pregnancy....") (emphasis added); see also § 63.032(12), Fla. Stat. (2008) ("`[P]arent' means a woman

F.L.C. v. G.C.

24 So. 3d 669, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 19765

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 17, 2009 | Docket: 60287272

Cited 2 times | Published

settled purpose to assume all parental duties.” § 63.032(1), Fla. Stat. (2008); see also M.A.F. v. E.J

D.S. v. J.L.

18 So. 3d 1103, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 11046

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 10, 2009 | Docket: 60251962

Cited 2 times | Published

“unmarried biological father” within the meaning of section 63.032(19), Florida Statutes (2008), and he had not

Ds v. Jl

18 So. 3d 1103, 2009 WL 2424306

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 10, 2009 | Docket: 1640592

Cited 2 times | Published

"unmarried biological father" within the meaning of section 63.032(19), Florida Statutes (2008), and he had not

JCJ v. Heart of Adoptions, Inc.

989 So. 2d 32, 2008 WL 2596365

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 2, 2008 | Docket: 1665228

Cited 2 times | Published

child's mother during her pregnancy. § 63.089(4). Section 63.032(1) defines abandoned, in relevant part, as

G.S. v. T.B.

985 So. 2d 978

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: May 22, 2008 | Docket: 64855184

Cited 2 times | Published

such adoptive parents in lawful wedlock.” See § 63.032(2), Fla. Stat. (2005). The rights of adopted children

Baby Eaw v. Jsw

647 So. 2d 918

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 30, 1994 | Docket: 1524757

Cited 2 times | Published

(1992). The term "abandoned" is defined in section 63.032(14), Florida Statutes (1992), and provides

In Re Adoption of a Minor Child

570 So. 2d 340, 1990 WL 149748

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 12, 1990 | Docket: 1704157

Cited 2 times | Published

"intermediary."[3] An "intermediary" is defined in section 63.032(8), Florida Statutes (1987): Intermediary

Evergreen Sod Farms, Inc. v. McClendon

513 So. 2d 1311, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 2303

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 24, 1987 | Docket: 1689366

Cited 2 times | Published

chapter 63, Florida Statutes. We note that section 63.032(10) defines "adoption" to mean "the act of

Y.G., Mother of A.P., A Child v. Department of Children and Families

246 So. 3d 509

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 3, 2018 | Docket: 6384773

Cited 1 times | Published

for purposes of section 63.082(6)(b)-(d). See § 63.032(3), (10), & (18), Fla. Stat. (defining “adoption

N.A.G. v. J.L.G.

198 So. 3d 1025, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 12180, 2016 WL 4261865

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 12, 2016 | Docket: 60256378

Cited 1 times | Published

the court may declare the child to be abandoned. § 63.032(1); see also M.A.F. v. E.J.S., 917 So.2d 236,

Flc v. Gc

24 So. 3d 669, 2009 WL 4874785

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 17, 2009 | Docket: 2556568

Cited 1 times | Published

settled purpose to assume all parental duties." § 63.032(1), Fla. Stat. (2008); see also M.A.F. v. E.J

Gs v. Tb

969 So. 2d 1049, 2007 WL 2608520

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 20, 2007 | Docket: 1403819

Cited 1 times | Published

adoptive parents is specifically rejected by section 63.032(2), Florida Statutes (2005) (defining adoption

SDT v. Bundle of Hope Ministries, Inc.

949 So. 2d 1132, 2007 WL 597042

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 28, 2007 | Docket: 1375295

Cited 1 times | Published

Inc., the "adoption entity" as defined in section 63.032(3), *1134 Florida Statutes (2005), filed its

J.S. v. S.A.

912 So. 2d 650, 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 14744

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 21, 2005 | Docket: 64840646

Cited 1 times | Published

another). An “adoption entity” is defined in section 63.032 as: [Tjhe department, an agency, a child-caring

Ewr v. Wtj

702 So. 2d 1343, 1997 WL 760558

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 12, 1997 | Docket: 460278

Cited 1 times | Published

abandonment of his minor child within the meaning of section 63.032(14), Florida Statutes (1995). We are unable

Kay v. Swartz

506 So. 2d 1101, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 1161, 1987 Fla. App. LEXIS 8081

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 5, 1987 | Docket: 64626996

Cited 1 times | Published

surviving parent. By specific definition, in F.S. § 63.032(2), the Legislature made it clear in the Adoption

STATE OF FLA., DEPT. OF HRS v. Friends of Children

653 F. Supp. 1221, 55 U.S.L.W. 2511, 1986 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16013

District Court, N.D. Florida | Filed: Dec 24, 1986 | Docket: 2246431

Cited 1 times | Published

another person for adoption. Florida Statutes § 63.032(9). The department urges that this is a comprehensive

K. M. G., Statewide v. Heart of Adoptions, Inc., Department of Children and Families

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 4, 2024 | Docket: 69435178

Published

to a physical relocation of the child. But section 63.032(14) defines "placement" not as a

Margaret Janik v. In re: The Adoption of M.D.J., etc.

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 14, 2024 | Docket: 68886723

Published

disclosure. § 63.162(4)(b), Fla. Stat. (2023). 2 Section 63.032(9) defines “department” as the Florida Department

D.C. and G.C. v. In Re: The Matter of the adoption of N.L.W.

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 10, 2024 | Docket: 68929418

Published

the parent abandoned the child, as defined in section 63.032. § 63.089(3)(e), Fla. Stat. And section 63

V.R., GRANDPARENT v. DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 15, 2021 | Docket: 60385575

Published

912 So. 2d 368, 370 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005). 2 Section 63.032(3) defines “adoption entity” as “the department

C.G. and C.G. v. R.C.

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 12, 2019 | Docket: 16189564

Published

“abandoned” R., as that term is defined in section 63.032, Florida Statutes, and further, that Appellee

IRIS BERGMAN and JOHN STIGLICH v. IN RE: ADOPTION OF Z.E.S., A CHILD

238 So. 3d 847

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 7, 2018 | Docket: 6326626

Published

such adoptive parents in lawful wedlock. § 63.032(2), Fla. Stat. (2016) (emphasis added). An

S.M.K. v. S.L.E.

238 So. 3d 925

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 2, 2018 | Docket: 64674186

Published

biological father's right to oppose adoption."). Section 63.032(1), Florida Statutes (2016), defines "abandoned"

S.M.K. v. S.L.E.

238 So. 3d 925

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 2, 2018 | Docket: 64674186

Published

biological father's right to oppose adoption."). Section 63.032(1), Florida Statutes (2016), defines "abandoned"

S.M.K. v. S.L.E.

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 26, 2018 | Docket: 6329010

Published

biological father’s right to oppose adoption.”). Section 63.032(1), Florida Statutes (2016), defines “abandoned”

N.A.G. v. J.L.G.

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 12, 2016 | Docket: 4119210

Published

may declare the child to be abandoned. § 63.032(1); see also M.A.F. v. E.J.S., 917 So. 2d 236

V.C.B. and E.G.B. v. Sultan Shakir

145 So. 3d 967, 2014 Fla. App. LEXIS 13445, 2014 WL 4209216

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 27, 2014 | Docket: 1145910

Published

definition of “abandoned” contained within section 63.032, Florida Statutes (2014). 1 The

Estate of Maher v. Iglikova

138 So. 3d 484, 2014 WL 1386660, 2014 Fla. App. LEXIS 5251

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 9, 2014 | Docket: 60240673

Published

between parent and child where it did not exist.” § 63.032(3), Fla. Stat. (2010). However, adjudication of

Home at Last Adoption Agency, Inc. v. V.M.

126 So. 3d 1236, 2013 WL 6031048, 2013 Fla. App. LEXIS 18158

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 14, 2013 | Docket: 60236275

Published

Father has not abandoned the child as defined in section 63.032(1), Florida Statutes, and the case is hereby

Home At Last Agency, Inc. v. J.L.C.-W

98 So. 3d 699, 2012 WL 4738869, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 16959

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 5, 2012 | Docket: 60312530

Published

(Appellees are residents of Connecticut). . Section 63.032(6), Florida Statutes (2011), defines "agency”

G.S. v. T.B.

969 So. 2d 1049, 2007 Fla. App. LEXIS 14239

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 12, 2007 | Docket: 64853264

Published

adoptive parents is specifically rejected by section 63.032(2), Florida Statutes (2005) (defining adoption

B.B. v. P.J.M.

933 So. 2d 57, 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 8011

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 22, 2006 | Docket: 64845699

Published

“established by court proceeding to be his child.” See § 63.032(19), Fla. Stat. (2004) (defining the phrase “unmarried

M.A.F. v. E.J.S.

917 So. 2d 236, 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 19810

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 9, 2005 | Docket: 64841564

Published

towards the child’s mother during her pregnancy. § 63.032(1), Fla. Stat. (2004). As we have explained, a

M.M. v. Adoption of J.T.M.

821 So. 2d 1134, 2002 Fla. App. LEXIS 8800, 2002 WL 1369890

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 26, 2002 | Docket: 64816517

Published

order of a court of competent jurisdiction.... Section 63.032(14), Florida Statutes (2000), defines abandonment

DEPT. OF HEALTH v. Adoption of Gilli

746 So. 2d 1172, 1999 WL 1082529

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 3, 1999 | Docket: 1360201

Published

jurisdiction to hear adoptions and related proceedings. § 63.032(3), Fla. Stat. (1997). However, that is not the

Schwarz v. Purcell

730 So. 2d 851, 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 5412, 1999 WL 247101

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 28, 1999 | Docket: 64787689

Published

did not abandon her minor child as defined by section 63.032(14), Florida Statutes (1997); see also In Interest

W.T.J. v. E.W.R.

721 So. 2d 723, 23 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 604, 1998 Fla. LEXIS 2209

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Dec 3, 1998 | Docket: 64784626

Published

abandonment of his minor child within the meaning of section 63.032, Florida Statutes (1995).” 702 So.2d at 1343

E.W.R. v. W.T.J.

702 So. 2d 1343, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 13938

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 12, 1997 | Docket: 64777416

Published

abandonment of his minor child within the meaning of section 63.032(14), Florida Statutes (1995). We are unable

G.W.B. v. J.S.W.

658 So. 2d 961, 20 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 376, 1995 Fla. LEXIS 1167

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jul 20, 1995 | Docket: 64758093

Published

DETERMINATION OF ABANDONMENT AS DEFINED BY SECTION 63.032(14), FLORIDA STATUTES (SUPP.1992), MAY A TRIAL

G.W.B. v. J.S.W.

647 So. 2d 918, 1994 Fla. App. LEXIS 11522

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 30, 1994 | Docket: 64753043

Published

opportunity to form that relationship. The statute, section 63.032(14), Florida Statutes (1993), defines abandonment

Matter of Adoption of Kmc

606 So. 2d 1262, 1992 Fla. App. LEXIS 11345, 1992 WL 317557

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 28, 1992 | Docket: 1511412

Published

intermediary as permitted under Florida law. See § 63.032(8), Fla. Stat. The intermediary represents the

Brod v. Matter of an Adoption

522 So. 2d 973, 1988 WL 24162

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 23, 1988 | Docket: 1191990

Published

proceedings... ." § 63.022(2)(f), Fla. Stat. (1985). Section 63.032(8) defines "intermediary:" "Intermediary" means

National Adoption Counseling Service, Inc. v. State, Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services

480 So. 2d 250, 11 Fla. L. Weekly 94, 1985 Fla. App. LEXIS 6030

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 31, 1985 | Docket: 64616275

Published

child-placing agency or intermediary as defined in section 63.032(7) and (8), Florida Statutes (1984); and that

State Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services v. Castagnino

429 So. 2d 102, 1983 Fla. App. LEXIS 18973

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 8, 1983 | Docket: 64596020

Published

Massachusetts. The problem with this argument is that section 63.032(9), Florida Statutes (1981), defines placement

Adoption Hot Line, Inc. v. State, Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services

402 So. 2d 1307, 1981 Fla. App. LEXIS 20886

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 18, 1981 | Docket: 64584835

Published

the capacity of an intermediary as defined by Section 63.032(8), Florida Statutes (1979) and was an unlicensed

Billen v. Hix

260 So. 2d 284, 1972 Fla. App. LEXIS 6969

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 7, 1972 | Docket: 64525194

Published

jurisdictions is similar. See 65 C.J.S. Negligence § 63(32). On the other hand, where the presence of the