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Florida Statute 768.21 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 768.21 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLV
TORTS
Chapter 768
NEGLIGENCE
View Entire Chapter
F.S. 768.21
768.21 Damages.All potential beneficiaries of a recovery for wrongful death, including the decedent’s estate, shall be identified in the complaint, and their relationships to the decedent shall be alleged. Damages may be awarded as follows:
(1) Each survivor may recover the value of lost support and services from the date of the decedent’s injury to her or his death, with interest, and future loss of support and services from the date of death and reduced to present value. In evaluating loss of support and services, the survivor’s relationship to the decedent, the amount of the decedent’s probable net income available for distribution to the particular survivor, and the replacement value of the decedent’s services to the survivor may be considered. In computing the duration of future losses, the joint life expectancies of the survivor and the decedent and the period of minority, in the case of healthy minor children, may be considered.
(2) The surviving spouse may also recover for loss of the decedent’s companionship and protection and for mental pain and suffering from the date of injury.
(3) Minor children of the decedent, and all children of the decedent if there is no surviving spouse, may also recover for lost parental companionship, instruction, and guidance and for mental pain and suffering from the date of injury. For the purposes of this subsection, if both spouses die within 30 days of one another as a result of the same wrongful act or series of acts arising out of the same incident, each spouse is considered to have been predeceased by the other.
(4) Each parent of a deceased minor child may also recover for mental pain and suffering from the date of injury. Each parent of an adult child may also recover for mental pain and suffering if there are no other survivors.
(5) Medical or funeral expenses due to the decedent’s injury or death may be recovered by a survivor who has paid them.
(6) The decedent’s personal representative may recover for the decedent’s estate the following:
(a) Loss of earnings of the deceased from the date of injury to the date of death, less lost support of survivors excluding contributions in kind, with interest. Loss of the prospective net accumulations of an estate, which might reasonably have been expected but for the wrongful death, reduced to present money value, may also be recovered:
1. If the decedent’s survivors include a surviving spouse or lineal descendants; or
2. If the decedent is not a minor child as defined in s. 768.18(2), there are no lost support and services recoverable under subsection (1), and there is a surviving parent.
(b) Medical or funeral expenses due to the decedent’s injury or death that have become a charge against her or his estate or that were paid by or on behalf of decedent, excluding amounts recoverable under subsection (5).

Evidence of remarriage of the decedent’s spouse is admissible.

(7) All awards for the decedent’s estate are subject to the claims of creditors who have complied with the requirements of probate law concerning claims.
(8) The damages specified in subsection (3) shall not be recoverable by adult children and the damages specified in subsection (4) shall not be recoverable by parents of an adult child with respect to claims for medical negligence as defined by s. 766.106(1).
History.s. 1, ch. 72-35; s. 2, ch. 81-183; s. 1, ch. 85-260; s. 2, ch. 90-14; s. 1169, ch. 97-102; s. 1, ch. 2002-44; s. 66, ch. 2003-416; s. 163, ch. 2020-2.

F.S. 768.21 on Google Scholar

F.S. 768.21 on Casetext

Amendments to 768.21


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 768.21
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 768.21.



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

PHILIP MORRIS USA, INC. v. GLOGER,, 273 So. 3d 1046 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . ." § 768.21(2), Fla. Stat. (2018) (emphasis added); see also Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Civ.) 502.2(d). . . . Consistent with section 768.21 and the standard jury instruction, the estate's counsel sought to establish . . .

R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, v. SCHLEIDER,, 273 So. 3d 63 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . . § 768.21(1) - (3), Fla. Stat. . . . ." § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (2014). . . .

E. ODOM, v. R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY,, 254 So. 3d 268 (Fla. 2018)

. . . ." § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (2014). . . . See § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (2014). . . . recover noneconomic damages for the decedent's wrongful death "if there is no surviving spouse." § 768.21 . . . Liggett Grp., Inc. , 945 So.2d 1246 (Fla. 2006). § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (2014). . . . companionship, instruction, and guidance and for mental pain and suffering from the date of injury." § 768.21 . . .

DOMINO S PIZZA, LLC, v. WIEDERHOLD, E., 248 So. 3d 212 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . Section 768.21 specifies the types of damages that may be awarded to "each survivor" and additional types . . . clearly provide that damages are recoverable from the date of "injury." §§ 768.18(1), 768.21(1) - (2 . . . Wiederhold's behalf pursuant to section 768.21(6), Florida Statutes. . . . Id. § 768.21(6)(b) ; Horton v. . . . Based on the plain wording of section 768.21(6)(b), we conclude the trial court erred in prohibiting . . .

PLANTATION GENERAL HOSPITAL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, d b a v. DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS A. B. a, 243 So. 3d 985 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . As applicable in this case, section 768.21 provides: (1) Each survivor may recover the value of lost . . .

SCHULTZ, FOR SCHULTZ, v. GGNSC ST. PAUL LAKE RIDGE LLC,, 310 F. Supp. 3d 985 (D. Minn. 2018)

. . . . § 768.21(2) - (3). . . .

DELGADO, D. v. AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION,, 237 So. 3d 432 (Fla. App. Ct. 2018)

. . . See §§ 768.20 & 768.21, Fla. Sta. (2016). . . .

PHILIP MORRIS USA INC. v. MCCALL,, 234 So. 3d 4 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2017)

. . . . § 768.21(2), Fla. Stat. (2007); see also Nissan Motor Co. v. . . .

IN RE STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CIVIL CASES- REPORT NO., 228 So. 3d 531 (Fla. 2017)

. . . F.S. 768.21(6)(a) (1985); Vildibill v. Johnson, 492 So.2d 1047 (Fla. 1986). . . . F.S. 768.18 and 768.21 (1990), applicable to causes of action accruing after October 1, 1990, expand . . .

K. SHARBAUGH, v. C. BEAUDRY,, 267 F. Supp. 3d 1326 (N.D. Fla. 2017)

. . . . §'768.21. . . . Stat. § 768.21.”). Sharbaugh has cited nothing to the contrary. Accordingly: 1. . . . Stat. § 768.21, but no survivors are claiming damages in this suit. . . . . Stat. § 768.21.”). . . . . Stat. § 768.21(1), (2), (6). . . . .

KELLY, K. v. GEORGIA- PACIFIC, LLC, Co., 211 So. 3d 340 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2017)

. . . . § 768.21(l)-(2), Fla. Stat. (2015). . . . Further, section 768.21, which governs recoverable damages, does not state that a spouse must be married . . . The majority contends that the language of section 768.21(2) implies that the Legislature assumed the . . . Section 768.21(2) states that “[tjhe surviving spouse may also recover for loss of the decedent’s companionship . . . . § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (2015). . . . decedent’s companionship and protection and for mental pain and suffering from the date of injury.” § 768.21 . . . the statute is limited to familial relationships only, and both subsections (1) and (2) of section 768.21 . . . clearly provide that damages are recoverable from the date of “injury.” §§ 768.18(1), 768.21(1)-(2), . . . See § 768.21(3)-(6), Fla. Stat. . . .

GOHEAGAN, v. PERKINS, 197 So. 3d 112 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2016)

. . . recoverable damages for the survivors and the decedent’s estate are distinct and limited by section 768.21 . . . The Estate therefore argued that the Medicaid lien should be reduced to that amount. . § 768.21, Fla. . . .

ESTATE OF HERNANDEZ, v. AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION,, 190 So. 3d 139 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2016)

. . . See ‘§ 768.21, Fla. Stat. (2012); Cont’l Nat’l Bank v. . . . See § 768.21, Fla. Stat.; S. Shore Hosp. v. Easton, 441 So.2d 161, 168 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). . . .

PEKLUN, v. TIERRA DEL MAR CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION,, 119 F. Supp. 3d 1361 (S.D. Fla. 2015)

. . . . § 768.21). . . . Stat. § 768.21). . . . Stat. § 768.21(6). See also Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase 1 Condo. . . .

REIDER, v. PHILIP MORRIS USA, INC., 793 F.3d 1254 (11th Cir. 2015)

. . . .” § 768.21(2). A After a four-day trial, the jury found Philip Morris comparatively liable for Mr. . . .

PITCHER, v. WALDO,, 159 So. 3d 422 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2015)

. . . See § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (2012); Hartford Ins. Co. v. Goff, 4 So.3d 770, 773 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009). . . .

COSMAN, v. RODRIGUEZ,, 153 So. 3d 371 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2014)

. . . .” § 768.21(1). . . . .” § 768.21(2). . . . recover for lost parental companionship, instruction, and guidance and for mental pain and suffering-” § 768.21 . . . See § 768.21(3). . . . properly could assert her individual claim for damages as a survivor under the wrongful death law, section 768.21 . . .

In ENGLE CASES v. LLC,, 767 F.3d 1082 (11th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 768.21; Capone v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 116 So.3d 363, 375-76 (Fla.2013). . . . . Stat. § 768.21; Martin, 314 So.2d, at 768-69. . . .

RANDALL, v. WALT DISNEY WORLD CO., 140 So. 3d 1118 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2014)

. . . (quoting § 768.21(2), Fla. Stat. (1995))). . . .

ESTATE OF McCALL, v. UNITED STATES, 134 So. 3d 894 (Fla. 2014)

. . . See § 768.21(8), Fla. Stat. (1999). . . . malpractice crisis and its adverse impact on the accessibility of health care during the passage of section 768.21 . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CIVIL CASE- REPORT NO., 130 So. 3d 596 (Fla. 2013)

. . . F.S. 768.21(6)(a) (1985); Vildibill v. Johnson, 492 So.2d 1047 (Fla.1986). . . . F.S. 768.18 and 768.21 (1990), applicable to causes of action accruing after October 1, 1990, expand . . .

ESTRADA v. MERCY HOSPITAL, INC. P. A. M. D., 121 So. 3d 51 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013)

. . . See § 768.21(1), (6), Fla. Stat. (2012). . . .

LAIZURE, v. AVANTE AT LEESBURG, INC., 109 So. 3d 752 (Fla. 2013)

. . . The Act also provides for damages that may be recovered by the survivors, see § 768.21, Fla. . . . required to elect either survival damages pursuant to s. 46.021 or wrongful death damages pursuant to s. 768.21 . . . Section 768.21 is part of Florida’s Wrongful Death Act and provides for the damages that may be claimed . . . by the decedent’s estate and statutory heirs. § 768.21, Fla. . . .

SMITH, Jr. v. R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO CO. U. S. A. Co. LLC f k a f k a Co. f k a, 103 So. 3d 955 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . See § 768.21. Thus it cannot be said that the claim, in its entirety, is extinguished. . . .

In J. B. a v. Ad, 101 So. 3d 407 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . See § 768.21(1), (3), Fla. Stat. (2008). . . .

PEREZ, v. UNITED STATES, 883 F. Supp. 2d 1257 (S.D. Fla. 2012)

. . . . § 768.21(3). Funeral expenses also may be awarded. Fla. Stat. § 768.21(5). . . . Stat. § 768.21(3). As an initial matter, the Court must assess the life expectancy of the decedent. . . . .2d 287, 293 (Fla.2003), the court held that “the damages recoverable by a minor child under section 768.21 . . .

R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, v. WEBB,, 93 So. 3d 331 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . .” § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (1996). . . .

YELTON, K. D. L. Y. L. R. L. Y. v. PHI, INCORPORATED III, v. PHI PHI,, 669 F.3d 577 (5th Cir. 2012)

. . . . § 768.21. . 662 So.2d 999 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App. 4th Dist. 1995). . Appellant's Br. at 15. . . . .

ZINN Co- v. UNITED STATES, 835 F. Supp. 2d 1280 (S.D. Fla. 2011)

. . . . § 768.21(6), which provides that the decedent’s personal representative may recover the following for . . . Stat. § 768.21(3), Randi Zinn may recover for lost parental companionship, instruction, and guidance. . . .

STARLING, v. R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY,, 845 F. Supp. 2d 1215 (M.D. Fla. 2011)

. . . . § 768.21), that the Florida Supreme Court would allow an Engle Smoker’s personal representative to . . . Stat. § 768.21. . . . Stat. §§ 768.19-768.21. . . . Stat. § 768.21. . . . .

ESTATE OF IRONS, SPRINGER, v. ARCADIA HEALTHCARE, L. C. d b a, 66 So. 3d 396 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2011)

. . . See §§ 400.023, 768.21, Fla. Stat. (2009). We have jurisdiction. See Fla. R. App. . . .

SMITH, v. BEASLEY,, 775 F. Supp. 2d 1344 (M.D. Fla. 2011)

. . . available only prior to the minor’s death, are impermissible prayers for relief pursuant to Section 768.21 . . .

GREENFIELD, M. D. v. DANIELS, St. s v., 51 So. 3d 421 (Fla. 2010)

. . . Section 768.21(1), Florida Statutes, provides that in a wrongful death action, “[e]ach survivor may recover . . . decedent’s injury to her or his death, with interest, and the future loss of support and services.” § 768.21 . . . companionship, instruction, and guidance and for mental pain and suffering from the date of the injury.” § 768.21 . . . include: a father or a child's right to recover civil damages under the wrongful death statute, section 768.21 . . .

BRADLEY, E. Jr. v. SEBELIUS, U. S., 621 F.3d 1330 (11th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 768.21(3). . . . Stat. § 768.21(3). . . . . Stat. § 768.21(6)(b). (Emphasis added). . . . Stat. § 768.21(5). (Emphasis added). There had been no wrongful death suit filed. . . . Stat. § 768.21(6)(b), the personal representative may recover for the decedent’s estate medical expenses . . .

THOMAS, v. HOSPITAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF LEE COUNTY, d b a W. M. D. W. M. D. P. A. R. N. R. N. M. D. P. A., 41 So. 3d 246 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . claims because all of Mildred Thomas’s surviving children were adults who were precluded under section 768.21 . . . partial summary judgment on the medical malpractice claims, the trial court held that pursuant to section 768.21 . . . Neither Section 768.21(8) Nor the Impact Rule Applies to Bar Prayers for Nonpecuniary Damages in Claims . . . First, we acknowledge that section 768.21(8) specifically prohibits adult children from recovering damages . . . Thus, to the extent that the trial court relied upon section 768.21(8) to enter partial final summary . . .

BURKS, v. BEARY,, 713 F. Supp. 2d 1350 (M.D. Fla. 2010)

. . . . § 768.21 (“All potential beneficiaries of a recovery for wrongful death, including the decedent’s estate . . . Id. § 768.21(6)(b). A claim for medical and funeral expenses has been made in this case. (See Ex. . . . claims are those types of damages that are recoverable on behalf of an estate as set forth in section 768.21 . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CIVIL CASES- REPORT NO. In No. In No. In No. In No. s In No. In No. In No. In No., 35 So. 3d 666 (Fla. 2010)

. . . F.S. 768.21(6)(a) (1985); Vildibill v. Johnson, 492 So.2d 1047 (Fla.1986). . . . F.S. 768.18 and 768.21 (1990), applicable to causes of action accruing after October 1, 1990, expand . . . F.S. 768.21(6)(a) (1985). . . .

ESTATE OF HEISER, v. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN, D. v., 659 F. Supp. 2d 20 (D.D.C. 2009)

. . . . § 768.21(6)(a)(1)). . . .

ESTATE OF McCALL, v. UNITED STATES, 663 F. Supp. 2d 1276 (N.D. Fla. 2009)

. . . . § 768.21(1). . . . Stat. § 768.21(4), as well as economic damages for medical or funeral expenses paid, Fla. . . . . § 768.21(5). . . . Stat. § 768.21(6)(a), (b). . . . Stat. § 768.21(3). See BellSouth Tele., 863 So.2d at 291. . . .

DANIELS, v. GREENFIELD, M. D. M. D. P. A. St. s,, 15 So. 3d 908 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . The personal representative sought to recover damages on behalf of Javon under section 768.21, Florida . . .

COPELAND, F. v. R. BUSWELL, 20 So. 3d 867 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . The recoverable damages in a wrongful death action are specified in section 768.21. . . . Section 768.21 further provides: (7) All awards for the decedent’s estate are subject to the claims of . . . We hold that once the expenses became a charge against the Estate pursuant to section 768.21(6)(b) of . . .

In ESTATE OF K. TROLLINGER. J. v. MHC CSI MHC MHC f k a NC, LLC SBK LLC LLC LLC B. L. K. a k a a k a f k a III L. P. f k a III SBK LLC Jr. LLC II, LLC J. f k a, 9 So. 3d 667 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . required to elect either survival damages pursuant to s. 46.021 or wrongful death damages pursuant to s. 768.21 . . .

HARTFORD INSURANCE COMPANY, v. GOFF, Sr. Jr. USA, L. L. C. a a a, 4 So. 3d 770 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . representative of the Estate, Gregory Allen Goff, Sr., filed a third-amended complaint pursuant to section 768.21 . . . awarded to the survivors and to the estate in accordance with the parameters of recovery set by section 768.21 . . . damages by the survivors is distinct and separate from the recovery of damages by an estate under section 768.21 . . . So.2d 947, 948-49 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004) (recognizing that the damages allowed the estate under section 768.21 . . .

LIFEMARK HOSPITALS OF FLORIDA, INC. d b a v. AFONSO,, 4 So. 3d 764 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . (3) and 766.207(7), were not limited to the damages available under the Wrongful Death Act, section 768.21 . . . The Hospital argued that under section 768.21, Afonso’s economic damages were limited to: (1) medical . . .

NORTH, v. PRECISION AIRMOTIVE CORPORATION LLC, 600 F. Supp. 2d 1263 (M.D. Fla. 2009)

. . . . §§ 768.20 and 768.21. . . .

GOTTLIEB, J. v. R. SAMIIAN, M. D. M. M. D. P. A., 999 So. 2d 678 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2008)

. . . See §§ 766.207(7), 768.21(1), Fla. Stat. (2003). . . .

TANDEM HEALTHCARE, INC. a d b a a v. BENJAMIN, 969 So. 2d 519 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . negligence recognized herein is not a claim for medical malpractice, and the provisions of section 768.21 . . .

ESTATE HEISER, v. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN, D. v., 466 F. Supp. 2d 229 (D.C. Cir. 2006)

. . . Ann. § 768.21(6). . . . Ann. § 768.21(4). . . . Ann. § 768.21(6). . . . Ann. § 768.21(2). . . . Ann. § 768.21(4). . . .

FLORIDA INSTITUTE FOR NEUROLOGIC REHABILITATION, INC. v. MARSHALL, 943 So. 2d 976 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . See § 768.21(4), Fla. . . .

J. SALFI, v. COLUMBIA JFK MEDICAL CENTER LIMITED PARTNERSHIP d b a JFK M. D., 942 So. 2d 417 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . cause of action under the Wrongful Death Act for the hospital’s medical malpractice because section 768.21 . . . North Miami Medical Center, Ltd., 761 So.2d 1040 (Fla.2000), which held that section 768.21(8) does not . . .

KOILE, v. STATE, 934 So. 2d 1226 (Fla. 2006)

. . . . § 768.21(6), Fla. Stat. (2005). . . . spouse or children, his parents would have been eligible to recover net accumulations under section 768.21 . . .

B. B. J. M. a v. P. J. M. K. M., 933 So. 2d 57 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . include: a father or a child's right to recover civil damages under the wrongful death statute, section 768.21 . . .

E. STRAFFORD C. Co- E. v. AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION,, 915 So. 2d 643 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . recoverable damages for the survivors and the decedent’s estate are distinct and limited by section 768.21 . . .

NELSON, v. FREIGHTLINER, LLC, a a a, 154 F. App'x 98 (11th Cir. 2005)

. . . . §§ 768.18, 768.21. . . . See id. § 768.21. . . . Ann. § 768.21(3). . . .

McQUEEN, v. W. JERSANI, M. D., 909 So. 2d 491 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . the case reached the jury, the only relief sought by Virginia related to that provided under section 768.21 . . . Damages Under Wrongful Death Act for Loss of Consortium— evidence of life expectancy Section 768.21, . . . Meeks, 863 So.2d 287 (Fla.2003), the supreme court considered the meaning of subsection 768.21(3) which . . . reason to depart from this understanding of the Legislature’s intended measure of damages under section 768.21 . . . that some evidence relevant to joint life expectancies is necessary to a damages claim under section 768.21 . . .

In ESTATE QF M. STERILE. a k a a k a v. M., 902 So. 2d 915 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . . § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (1999); Martin v. United Sec. . . .

ESTATE OF WILLIAMS, WILLIAMS, v. TANDEM HEALTH CARE OF FLORIDA, INC., 899 So. 2d 369 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . RRA, authorizing the recovery of “actual and punitive damages,” and (2) wrongful death under section 768.21 . . . injuries was Tandem’s professional negligence rather than ordinary negligence, and because section 768.21 . . . Section 768.21(3) identifies the types of noneco-nomic damages recoverable by the adult children if there . . . argues the lower court erred in striking the noneconomic damages returned to the heirs under section 768.21 . . . not distinguish between claims for punitive damages under section 400.023, and those under section 768.21 . . .

ONEBEACON INSURANCE CO. v. DELTA FIRE SPRINKLERS, INC., 898 So. 2d 113 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . litigation and that a punitive damages claim should not have been permitted without compliance with section 768.21 . . .

KNOWLES, v. BEVERLY ENTERPRISES- FLORIDA, INC., 898 So. 2d 1 (Fla. 2004)

. . . See § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (1997). . . .

C. SCOTT, v. ESTATE OF MYERS,, 871 So. 2d 947 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004)

. . . See § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (2001). . . . See § 768.21(5), Fla. Stat. (2001). . . .

BARLOW, v. NORTH OKALOOSA MEDICAL CENTER,, 877 So. 2d 655 (Fla. 2004)

. . . See § 768.21(6)(a), Fla. Stat. (2001). Mrs. . . . District’s reliance on the definition of “net accumulations,” found in the Wrongful Death Act, see § 768.21 . . . Section 768.21, Florida Statutes (2002), sets forth the damages recoverable under the Wrongful Death . . . If the decedent’s survivors include a surviving spouse.... § 768.21(6)(a) (emphasis supplied). . . .

BELLSOUTH TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. v. MEEKS,, 863 So. 2d 287 (Fla. 2003)

. . . Section 768.21(1) gives minor children damages for lost parental support and services. . . . Section 768.21(2) A second parallel provision to section 768.21(3) is section 768.21(2), which grants . . . Section 768.21(F) Section 768.21(4), the final parallel provision to section 768.21(3), gives damages . . . Section 768.21(1) damages are not at issue in this appeal. . . . . Section 768.21(1) gives these damages to "survivors." . . . While I concur in the majority’s determination that a minor child’s recovery of section 768.21(3) damages . . .

DOURADO, v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, a, 843 So. 2d 913 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . The Wrongful Death Act, sections 768.21(5) and (6)(b), Florida Statutes, does not authorize the admission . . .

WALKER, v. BOZEMAN, 243 F. Supp. 2d 1298 (N.D. Fla. 2003)

. . . the survivors, plaintiff sought to recover damages for mental pain and suffering, as authorized by § 768.21 . . . See § 768.21(6)(b), Fla. Stat. (2000). . . .

FLORIDA CONVALESCENT CENTERS, v. SOMBERG,, 840 So. 2d 998 (Fla. 2003)

. . . Section 768.21, Florida Statutes (1997), contains a list of damages that are recoverable in a wrongful . . .

GRABER, v. JOSEPH L. MORSE GERIATRIC CENTER, INC., 837 So. 2d 473 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . . § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (1999). . . . the original complaint, the plaintiffs itemized damages are nearly verbatim of those found in section 768.21 . . . in section 400.23, Florida Statutes (1999), and sought statutorily authorized damages under section 768.21 . . .

FLORIDA POWER LIGHT COMPANY, a v. GOLDBERG, Co-, 856 So. 2d 1011 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . Under Florida Statutes § 768.21(J) and (4), parents of a deceased minor child may recover for lost support . . .

C. THOMPSON, C. v. K. HODSON, M. D. K. M. D. P. A. K. M. D. v. C. C. K. M. D. v., 825 So. 2d 941 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . See § 768.21(4), Fla. Stat. (1993). . . . See §§ 768.21, .25, Fla. Stat. (1993); see also Dudley, 799 So.2d at 441. . . . (c) Evidence of remarriage of the decedent’s spouse is admissible. § 768.21(6), Fla. Stat. (1993). . . . .” § 768.21(6)(b), Fla. Stat. (1993). But Dr. . . .

THOMAS, v. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE WAL- MART STORES, INC. ASSOCIATES HEALTH AND WELFARE PLAN,, 210 F. Supp. 2d 1296 (M.D. Fla. 2002)

. . . Here, Florida Statute section 768.21(6)(b) allows an estate to recover damages for “medical expenses. . . . Thomas argues that section 768.21(6)(b) of the Florida Statutes allows a personal representative to recover . . .

THOMPSON, v. KINDRED NURSING CENTERS EAST, LLC, CARROLLWOOD CARE CENTER,, 211 F. Supp. 2d 1345 (M.D. Fla. 2002)

. . . required to elect either survival damages pursuant to s. 46.021 or wrongful death damages pursuant to s. 768.21 . . . required to elect either survival damages pursuant to s. 46.021 or wrongful death damages pursuant to s. 768.21 . . .

MEEKS, ESTATE OF J. MEEKS, v. FLORIDA POWER LIGHT COMPANY, a, 816 So. 2d 1125 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . Meeks’ minor son under section 768.21(3), Florida Statutes (1997), are measured up to the time the child . . . Damages Under Section 768.21(3) We are presented with the issue whether Florida’s Wrongful Death Act . . . See § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (1977). . . . We note that section 768.21(3) allows recovery by adult children — age 25 and over — of lost parental . . . (3), as it did in section 768.21(1). . . .

BARLOW, v. NORTH OKALOOSA MEDICAL CENTER,, 809 So. 2d 71 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . See § 768.21(6)(a), Fla. Stat. (2001). Mrs. . . .

SUN TRUST BANK, v. SUN INTERNATIONAL HOTELS LIMITED, a a, 184 F. Supp. 2d 1246 (S.D. Fla. 2001)

. . . Bethell Dec., ¶¶ 6—8; § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (2001). . . .

CRUZ, v. BROWARD COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD,, 800 So. 2d 213 (Fla. 2001)

. . . . § 768.21(3), Fla. Stat. (1993). . . . Section 768.21(4) of the Act provides that a parent may recover for loss of filial consortium arising . . . from the wrongful death of a child, including an adult child: 768.21 Damages. — All potential beneficiaries . . . of an adult child may also recover for mental pain and suffering if there are no other survivors. § 768.21 . . .

FLORIDA EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS- KANG AND ASSOCIATES, M. D. P. A. v. H. PARKER,, 800 So. 2d 631 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . parental companionship, instruction, and guidance and for mental pain and suffering,” pursuant to section 768.21 . . . Section 768.21(6)(c) provides that “evidence of remarriage of the decedent’s spouse is admissible” in . . .

E. SNYDER, v. ALAMO RENT- A- CAR, INC., 790 So. 2d 1262 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . make changes to the wrongful death statute regarding what is meant by “surviving spouse” in section 768.21 . . . Thus, in this case under the wording of section 768.21(3), the adult children of the husband-father were . . .

In GUARDIANSHIP SCHIAVO, v. v., 792 So. 2d 551 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . See § 768.21(4), Fla. Stat. (2000). . . .

ACHUMBA, v. L. NEUSTEIN, M. D., 793 So. 2d 1013 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . Achumba asserts that Smoot is a survivor pursuant to section 768.21(1), because she was born “out of . . .

WIGGINS, v. ESTATE OF WRIGHT,, 786 So. 2d 1247 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . See §§ 768.18(1), 768.21, Fla.Stat. (1999); Hess. . . . Section 768.21(1) provides, "Each survivor may recover and section 768.21(2) provides that "[t]he surviving . . .

J. CUNNINGHAM, D. v. FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES,, 782 So. 2d 913 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . that claims for damages which are properly recoverable by the personal representative under section 768.21 . . .

SOMBERG, v. FLORIDA CONVALESCENT CENTERS, INC. d b a, 779 So. 2d 667 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . . § 768.21, and dropped the wrongful death claim. . . .

WILBUR, M. D. P. A. M. D. P. M. D. P. M. D. P. A. M. D. S. M. D. M. D. P. A. v. HIGHTOWER,, 778 So. 2d 381 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . Section 768.21(2), which governs recoverable damages in wrongful death negligence actions, provides that . . . See § 768.21(2), Fla. Stat. (1999). . . . .

GUADALUPE, v. PETERSON, a, 779 So. 2d 494 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . Section 768.21(4) states that each parent of a deceased minor child may recover for mental pain and suffering . . .

W. DAVID, D. O. v. K. BROWN, R., 774 So. 2d 775 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . Under our wrongful death statute, section 768.21, Florida Statutes (1999), the surviving spouse, in addition . . .

WOODS, v. ESTATE OF C. WOODS,, 770 So. 2d 1270 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . See § 768.21(4)Fla. Stat. (1998). . . .

MBL LIFE ASSURANCE CORP. a a a S. v. SUAREZ, Jr. Sr. Jr., 768 So. 2d 1129 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . In Ahmed, a case which involved wrongful death damages to adult children under section 768.21(3), Florida . . .

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL, INC. v. PHILLIPE, v. St. s M. D. v. E. E. v. M. D., 769 So. 2d 961 (Fla. 2000)

. . . results in death, rather than personal injury, the elements of damages recoverable are limited by section 768.21 . . . Under section 768.21(1) of the Wrongful Death Act, each survivor may recover the value of lost support . . . and services from the date Of the decedent’s injury, and under section 768.21(6), the estate may recover . . .

HESS, v. HESS,, 758 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . Section 768.21 specifies those damages recoverable by survivors and by the estate. . . . See §§ 768.18(1), 768.21, Fla. Stat. (1999). . . .

STEWART v. I. B. PRICE, M. D., 762 So. 2d 475 (Fla. 2000)

. . . We recently held that the statute in question, section 768.21(8), Florida Statutes (1991), is constitutional . . .

MIZRAHI, v. NORTH MIAMI MEDICAL CENTER, LTD. v. M. D., 761 So. 2d 1040 (Fla. 2000)

. . . decisions that pass upon the following question certified to be of great public importance: DOES SECTION 768.21 . . . The trial court granted summary judgment for the hospital and physicians, based on section 768.21, Florida . . . Price, 718 So.2d 205 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998), wherein the court rejected the argument that section 768.21 . . . Prior to the enactment of chapter 90-14, Laws of Florida, under section 768.21(3) only minor children . . . In chapter 90-14, the legislature amended section 768.21(3), among other things, to expand the definition . . . See § 768.21(8), Fla. Stat. (1999). . . .

RIVERS, v. HEALTH OPTIONS CONNECT, INC. a f k a, 96 F. Supp. 2d 1370 (S.D. Fla. 2000)

. . . . § 768.21. . . .

A. WEINSTEIN, v. STATE, 745 So. 2d 1085 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . . § 768.21, Fla. Stat. (1997). . . .

PIAMBA CORTES, v. AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC. a, 177 F.3d 1272 (11th Cir. 1999)

. . . . §§ 768.18 & 768.21 (West 1997). . . .

GEICO GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, v. ARNOLD, W., 730 So. 2d 782 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . policy does not limit their recovery because under the Florida Wrongfid Death Statute, see section 768.21 . . .

STEWART Co- v. I. B. PRICE, M. D., 718 So. 2d 205 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . amended to include four additional tort claims and a challenge to the constitutionality of section 768.21 . . . section 768.21(8), Florida Statutes (1991), is unconstitutional on its face and as applied. . . . Section 768.21(8) provides that adult children cannot recover damages pursuant to section 768.21(3) “ . . . Prior to the enactment of chapter 90-14, Laws of Florida, under section 768.21(3) only minor children . . . We address the constitutional challenge to section 768.21(8), Florida Statutes (1991), because of the . . . found, it was unnecessary for the trial court to reach the question of the constitutionality of section 768.21 . . .

MIZRAHI Co- v. NORTH MIAMI MEDICAL CENTER, LTD. d b a EMSA M. D. M. D. B. M. D. M. D. P. A. M. D. M. D. P. A. M. D. P. A., 712 So. 2d 826 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . The trial court granted summary judgment for the hospital and physicians, based on section 768.21, Florida . . . The appellants , contend on appeal that section 768.21(8) is unconstitutional, as violative of the Equal . . . the following question to the Florida Supreme Court as one of great public importance: DOES SECTION 768.21 . . . This distinction is ‘precisely the one upon which the legislature’s classification in section 768.21( . . . The appellants have failed to overcome the presumption of section 768.21(8)’s constitutionality. . . .

INC. f k a v. H. REDD,, 703 So. 2d 492 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . .” § 768.21(2), Fla. Stat. (1995). . . . .” § 768.21(1), Fla. Stat. (1995). . . .

FRANZEN, M. D. M. D. P. A. v. E. MOGLER, 744 So. 2d 1029 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . .” § 768.21 Fla. Stat. (1995). . . . . § 768.21(l)-(8), Fla. Stat. (1995). . . .

STEWART Co- v. I. B. PRICE, M. D., 704 So. 2d 594 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . amended to include four additional tort claims and a challenge to the constitutionality of section 768.21 . . . section 768.21(8), Florida Statutes (1991), is unconstitutional on its face and as applied. . . . Section 768.21(8) provides that adult children cannot recover damages pursuant to section 768.21(3) “ . . . Prior to the enactment of chapter 90-14, Laws of Florida, under section 768.21(3) only minor children . . . We address the constitutional challenge to section 768.21(8), Florida Statutes (1991), because of the . . . found, it was unnecessary for the trial court to reach the question of the constitutionality of section 768.21 . . .