Florida Statutes
Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (2025)
Abuse, aggravated abuse, and neglect of a child; penalties.
✓ 2025 Florida Statutes: current through the 2025 Regular Session
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827.03 Abuse, aggravated abuse, and neglect of a child; penalties.—
(1) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section, the term:
(a) “Aggravated child abuse” occurs when a person:
1. Commits aggravated battery on a child;
2. Willfully tortures, maliciously punishes, or willfully and unlawfully cages a child; or
3. Knowingly or willfully abuses a child and in so doing causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement to the child.
(b) “Child abuse” means:
1. Intentional infliction of physical or mental injury upon a child;
2. An intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child; or
3. Active encouragement of any person to commit an act that results or could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child.
(c) “Maliciously” means wrongfully, intentionally, and without legal justification or excuse. Maliciousness may be established by circumstances from which one could conclude that a reasonable parent would not have engaged in the damaging acts toward the child for any valid reason and that the primary purpose of the acts was to cause the victim unjustifiable pain or injury.
(d) “Mental injury” means injury to the intellectual or psychological capacity of a child as evidenced by a discernible and substantial impairment in the ability of the child to function within the normal range of performance and behavior as supported by expert testimony.
(e) “Neglect of a child” means:
1. A caregiver’s willful failure or omission to provide a child with the care, supervision, and services necessary to maintain the child’s physical and mental health, including, but not limited to, food, nutrition, clothing, shelter, supervision, medicine, and medical services that a prudent person would consider essential for the well-being of the child. The term does not include a caregiver allowing a child to engage in independent and unsupervised activities unless allowing such activities constitutes willful and wanton conduct that endangers the health or safety of the child. Such independent and unsupervised activities include, but are not limited to, traveling to or from school or nearby locations by bicycle or on foot, playing outdoors, or remaining at home or any other location for a reasonable period of time; or
2. A caregiver’s failure to make a reasonable effort to protect a child from abuse, neglect, or exploitation by another person.
Except as otherwise provided in this section, neglect of a child may be based on repeated conduct or on a single incident or omission that results in, or could reasonably be expected to result in, serious physical or mental injury, or a substantial risk of death, to a child.
(2) OFFENSES.—
(a) A person who commits aggravated child abuse commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(b) A person who willfully or by culpable negligence neglects a child and in so doing causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement to the child commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(3) EXPERT TESTIMONY.—
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b), a physician may not provide expert testimony in a criminal child abuse case unless the physician is a physician licensed under chapter 458 or chapter 459 or has obtained certification as an expert witness pursuant to s. 458.3175 or s. 459.0066.
(b) A physician may not provide expert testimony in a criminal child abuse case regarding mental injury unless the physician is a physician licensed under chapter 458 or chapter 459 who has completed an accredited residency in psychiatry or has obtained certification as an expert witness pursuant to s. 458.3175 or s. 459.0066.
(c) A psychologist may not give expert testimony in a criminal child abuse case regarding mental injury unless the psychologist is licensed under chapter 490.
(d) The expert testimony requirements of this subsection apply only to criminal child abuse and neglect cases pursuant to this chapter, dependency cases pursuant to chapter 39, and cases involving sexual battery of a child pursuant to chapter 794 and not to family court cases.
History.—s. 1, ch. 4721, 1899; s. 1, ch. 4971, 1901; GS 3236, 3238; RGS 5069, 5071; s. 1, ch. 9331, 1923; CGL 7171, 7173; s. 1, ch. 65-113; s. 1, ch. 70-8; s. 940, ch. 71-136; s. 49, ch. 74-383; s. 30, ch. 75-298; s. 1, ch. 84-238; s. 8, ch. 96-322; s. 16, ch. 99-168; s. 1, ch. 2003-130; s. 9, ch. 2012-155; s. 6, ch. 2015-177; s. 5, ch. 2017-153; s. 2, ch. 2025-167.
Note.—Former s. 828.04.
Arrestable Offenses under F.S. 827.03
M = misdemeanor · F = felony · degree: F=1st S=2nd T=3rd§827.03(1)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7492
§827.03(2)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7324
§827.03(1a)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDREPEALED 1996 AGGRAVATED ABUSE
§827.03(1a)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7324
§827.03(1b)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDREPEALED 1996 AGGRAVATED ABUSE WILLFUL TORTURE
§827.03(1b)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7492
§827.03(1c)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDREPLD 1996 AGGRAV ABUSE MALICIOUS PUNISHMENT
§827.03(1c)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7324
§827.03(1d)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDREPEALED 1996 AGGRAVATED ABUSE WILLFUL CAGING
§827.03(2a)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7324
§827.03(2a)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDAGGRAVATED CHILD ABUSE
§827.03(2b)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7324
§827.03(2b)NEGLECT CHILDNEGLECT CHILD WITH GREAT BODILY HARM
§827.03(2c)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDABUSE CHILD WITHOUT GREAT BODILY HARM
§827.03(2c)CRUELTY TOWARD CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7324
§827.03(2d)NEGLECT CHILDNEGLECT CHILD WITHOUT GREAT BODILY HARM
§827.03(3b)NEGLECT CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7493
§827.03(3c)NEGLECT CHILDRENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7494
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 281
cases (20 in the last 5 years), 1978–2026 · leading case: Raford v. State, 828 So. 2d 1012 (Fla. 2002).
Raford v. State, 828 So. 2d 1012 (Fla. 2002). “More recently, in 1996, the Legislature again amended chapter 827, and section 827.03 was rewritten to include three subsections pertaining to child abuse, aggravated child abuse, and neglect of a child, respectively.”
DuFresne v. State, 826 So. 2d 272 (Fla. 2002). “Section 827.03 provides: (1) "Child abuse" means: (a) Intentional infliction of physical or mental injury upon a child; (b) An intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child; or (c) Active encouragement of any person to commit…”
Ariel Marcelo Bastias v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 42 F.4th 1266 (11th Cir. 2022). “I In October 2019, Ariel Bastias, a lawful permanent resident of the United States, pleaded guilty to and was convicted of an of- fense under Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (2), which is titled “Abuse, aggravated abuse, and neglect of a child.”
Ford v. State, 802 So. 2d 1121 (Fla. 2001). “[15] In the present case, the caption of the indictment charged Ford with violating section 827.03, Florida Statutes (Supp.1996), and the text of the indictment stated specific grounds.”
Reed v. State, 837 So. 2d 366 (Fla. 2002). “Petitioner Loretta Reed was convicted of aggravated child abuse under section 827.03, Florida Statutes (1997). [1] The petitioner appealed the conviction to the district court, raising an issue for the first time on appeal concerning the definition of malice in the Florida…”
In re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—Report No. 2012-09, 122 So. 3d 263 (Fla. 2013). “Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (c). “Maliciously” means wrongfully, intentionally, and without legal justification or excuse.”
Kama v. State, 507 So. 2d 154 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987). “(emphasis supplied) If the right of a parent or one standing in loco parentis extends only to inflict reasonable or moderate corporal punishment, what then is the penalty that may be inflicted upon a parent who oversteps the bounds of proper parental correction? The majority,…”
Nicholson v. State, 600 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 1992). “Nicholson was charged with and convicted of first-degree felony murder and aggravated child abuse under section 827.03, Florida Statutes (1987). At trial, Nicholson sought a judgment of acquittal, claiming that the evidence failed to establish that Kimberly died as a result of…”
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
State v. McDonald, 785 So. 2d 640 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001). “STATUTORY CHANGES AFTER KAMA When Kama was decided, three statutory sections addressed the crimes for abuse or neglect of children: section 827.03 addressed the second-degree felony of aggravated child abuse; section 827.”
Kevin Spencer v. United States, 773 F.3d 1132 (11th Cir. 2014). “erroneously determined that the movant was properly classified as a career offender where he had a prior state conviction for felony child abuse under Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (1)? 6 Case: 10-10676 Date Filed: 11/14/2014 Page: 7 of 107 After a panel of this Court answered both…”
Braddy v. State, 111 So. 3d 810 (Fla. 2012). “§ 827.03(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (1997). “ ‘Caregiver’ means a parent, adult household member, or other person responsible for a child’s welfare.”
827.03(1): 54 cases
Raford v. State, 828 So. 2d 1012 (Fla. 2002). “More recently, in 1996, the Legislature again amended chapter 827, and section 827.03 was rewritten to include three subsections pertaining to child abuse, aggravated child abuse, and neglect of a child, respectively.”
DuFresne v. State, 826 So. 2d 272 (Fla. 2002). “Section 827.03 provides: (1) "Child abuse" means: (a) Intentional infliction of physical or mental injury upon a child; (b) An intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child; or (c) Active encouragement of any person to commit…”
State v. McDonald, 785 So. 2d 640 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001). “STATUTORY CHANGES AFTER KAMA When Kama was decided, three statutory sections addressed the crimes for abuse or neglect of children: section 827.03 addressed the second-degree felony of aggravated child abuse; section 827.”
State v. Lanier, 979 So. 2d 365 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).
Czapla v. State, 957 So. 2d 676 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007).
827.03(1)(a): 24 cases
Brooks v. State, 918 So. 2d 181 (Fla. 2005).
Overway v. State, 718 So. 2d 308 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998).
Raford v. State, 792 So. 2d 476 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001).
Morris v. State, 789 So. 2d 1032 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001).
Ward v. State, 267 So. 3d 573 (Fla. 5th DCA 2019).
827.03(1)(a)(3): 1 case
Pethtel v. State, 177 So. 3d 631 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).
827.03(1)(b): 26 cases
DuFresne v. State, 826 So. 2d 272 (Fla. 2002). “Section 827.03 provides: (1) "Child abuse" means: (a) Intentional infliction of physical or mental injury upon a child; (b) An intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child; or (c) Active encouragement of any person to commit…”
State v. Harris, 537 So. 2d 1128 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989).
State v. Lanier, 979 So. 2d 365 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).
Munao v. State, 939 So. 2d 125 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006).
Nicholson v. State, 600 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 1992). “Nicholson was charged with and convicted of first-degree felony murder and aggravated child abuse under section 827.03, Florida Statutes (1987). At trial, Nicholson sought a judgment of acquittal, claiming that the evidence failed to establish that Kimberly died as a result of…”
827.03(1)(b)(2): 1 case
Brenda L Morris v. State of Florida, 228 So. 3d 670 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017).
827.03(1)(c): 9 cases
Raford v. State, 828 So. 2d 1012 (Fla. 2002). “More recently, in 1996, the Legislature again amended chapter 827, and section 827.03 was rewritten to include three subsections pertaining to child abuse, aggravated child abuse, and neglect of a child, respectively.”
Kama v. State, 507 So. 2d 154 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987). “(emphasis supplied) If the right of a parent or one standing in loco parentis extends only to inflict reasonable or moderate corporal punishment, what then is the penalty that may be inflicted upon a parent who oversteps the bounds of proper parental correction? The majority,…”
Overway v. State, 718 So. 2d 308 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998).
Schraffa v. State, 508 So. 2d 755 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987).
Moakley v. State, 547 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989).
827.03(1)(d): 2 cases
Carlos Mojica v. State of Florida (Fla. 3d DCA 2026).
Carlos Mojica v. State of Florida (Fla. 3d DCA 2026).
827.03(1)(e): 7 cases
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
Erin Vontez Thompson v. State of Florida, 250 So. 3d 132 (Fla. 1st DCA 2018).
Justin Lee Lanier v. State of Florida, 264 So. 3d 402 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).
Medina v. State, 226 So. 3d 1018 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017).
Thompson v. State, 139 So. 3d 377 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014).
827.03(1)(e)(1): 1 case
Medina v. State, 226 So. 3d 1018 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017).
827.03(2): 44 cases
Raford v. State, 828 So. 2d 1012 (Fla. 2002). “More recently, in 1996, the Legislature again amended chapter 827, and section 827.03 was rewritten to include three subsections pertaining to child abuse, aggravated child abuse, and neglect of a child, respectively.”
Caylor v. State, 78 So. 3d 482 (Fla. 2011).
State v. Weaver, 957 So. 2d 586 (Fla. 2007).
Parker v. State, 767 So. 2d 532 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000).
Reed v. State, 837 So. 2d 366 (Fla. 2002). “Petitioner Loretta Reed was convicted of aggravated child abuse under section 827.03, Florida Statutes (1997). [1] The petitioner appealed the conviction to the district court, raising an issue for the first time on appeal concerning the definition of malice in the Florida…”
827.03(2)(a): 14 cases
Brooks v. State, 918 So. 2d 181 (Fla. 2005).
Lukehart v. State, 776 So. 2d 906 (Fla. 2000).
Washington v. State, 737 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999).
In re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—Report No. 2012-09, 122 So. 3d 263 (Fla. 2013). “Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (c). “Maliciously” means wrongfully, intentionally, and without legal justification or excuse.”
Brown v. State, 41 So. 3d 259 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).
827.03(2)(b): 26 cases
Young v. State, 753 So. 2d 725 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
Raford v. State, 792 So. 2d 476 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001).
Wilson v. State, 744 So. 2d 1237 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999).
Cox v. State, 1 So. 3d 1220 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009).
827.03(2)(c): 15 cases
Raford v. State, 792 So. 2d 476 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001).
Witt v. State, 780 So. 2d 946 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).
Brown v. State, 41 So. 3d 259 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).
Burns v. State, 132 So. 3d 1238 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014).
In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-report No. 2015-04, 190 So. 3d 614 (Fla. 2016).
827.03(2)(d): 10 cases
Ariel Marcelo Bastias v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 42 F.4th 1266 (11th Cir. 2022). “I In October 2019, Ariel Bastias, a lawful permanent resident of the United States, pleaded guilty to and was convicted of an of- fense under Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (2), which is titled “Abuse, aggravated abuse, and neglect of a child.”
Burns v. State, 132 So. 3d 1238 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014).
Poczatek v. State, 213 So. 3d 1065 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017).
Ristau v. State, 201 So. 3d 1254 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016).
Kevin Patrick Kelley, Jr. Vs State of Florida (Fla. 5th DCA 2022).
827.03(2)(e): 2 cases
Brown v. State, 41 So. 3d 259 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).
Witt v. State, 780 So. 2d 946 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).
827.03(3): 26 cases
Reed v. State, 837 So. 2d 366 (Fla. 2002). “Petitioner Loretta Reed was convicted of aggravated child abuse under section 827.03, Florida Statutes (1997). [1] The petitioner appealed the conviction to the district court, raising an issue for the first time on appeal concerning the definition of malice in the Florida…”
State v. Gaylord, 356 So. 2d 313 (Fla. 1978).
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
Kama v. State, 507 So. 2d 154 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987). “(emphasis supplied) If the right of a parent or one standing in loco parentis extends only to inflict reasonable or moderate corporal punishment, what then is the penalty that may be inflicted upon a parent who oversteps the bounds of proper parental correction? The majority,…”
Ford v. State, 802 So. 2d 1121 (Fla. 2001). “[15] In the present case, the caption of the indictment charged Ford with violating section 827.03, Florida Statutes (Supp.1996), and the text of the indictment stated specific grounds.”
827.03(3)(C): 1 case
Moore v. State, 790 So. 2d 489 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).
827.03(3)(a): 19 cases
Braddy v. State, 111 So. 3d 810 (Fla. 2012). “§ 827.03(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (1997). “ ‘Caregiver’ means a parent, adult household member, or other person responsible for a child’s welfare.”
In Re Stand. Instruct. in Cr. Cases No. 2007-10, 997 So. 2d 403 (Fla. 2008).
In Re Jury Inst. in Crim. Cases-No. 2006-1, 946 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 2006).
In re Amendments to Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—Instruction 7.7, 75 So. 3d 210 (Fla. 2011).
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
827.03(3)(a)(1): 3 cases
State v. Wynne, 794 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001).
Parrish v. State, 66 So. 3d 1030 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011).
State v. Sammons, 889 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004).
827.03(3)(a)(2): 4 cases
State v. Wynne, 794 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001).
State v. Sammons, 889 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004).
Wunsch v. State, 150 So. 3d 869 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014).
Weeks v. State, 832 So. 2d 954 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002).
827.03(3)(a)(l): 2 cases
Wunsch v. State, 150 So. 3d 869 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014).
Weeks v. State, 832 So. 2d 954 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002).
827.03(3)(b): 14 cases
Braddy v. State, 111 So. 3d 810 (Fla. 2012). “§ 827.03(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (1997). “ ‘Caregiver’ means a parent, adult household member, or other person responsible for a child’s welfare.”
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
Griffis v. State, 848 So. 2d 422 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003).
Moore v. State, 790 So. 2d 489 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).
Stephenson v. State, 31 So. 3d 847 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010).
827.03(3)(c): 13 cases
State v. Sammons, 889 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004).
Burns v. State, 132 So. 3d 1238 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014).
Arnold v. State, 755 So. 2d 796 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000).
Stand. Jury Instructions In Crim. Cases—Submission 2001-1, 824 So. 2d 881 (Fla. 2002).
State v. Lanier, 979 So. 2d 365 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).
827.03(3)(d): 1 case
Carlos Mojica v. State of Florida (Fla. 3d DCA 2026).
827.03(3)(e): 2 cases
In Re: Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-Report 2017-06., 236 So. 3d 282 (Fla. 2018).
In Re: Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—report 2016-01, 213 So. 3d 680 (Fla. 2017).
827.03(32)(b): 1 case
In re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—Report No. 2012-09, 122 So. 3d 263 (Fla. 2013). “Fla. Stat. § 827.03 (c). “Maliciously” means wrongfully, intentionally, and without legal justification or excuse.”
827.03(4): 5 cases
State v. Sturdivant, 94 So. 3d 434 (Fla. 2012).
Kennedy v. State, 59 So. 3d 376 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011).
Graham v. State, 169 So. 3d 123 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015).
Cox v. State, 1 So. 3d 1220 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009).
Julius v. State, 953 So. 2d 33 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007).
827.03(a): 1 case
Ramos v. State, 89 So. 3d 1119 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012).
827.03(b): 1 case
Newberry v. State, 677 So. 2d 884 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996).
827.03(b)(3): 1 case
Hill v. State, 846 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003).
827.03(c): 2 cases
In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-report No. 2015-04, 190 So. 3d 614 (Fla. 2016).
Tatara v. Sec'y, Dep't of Corr. (M.D. Fla. 2020).
827.03(l): 1 case
Youmans v. State, 846 So. 2d 670 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003).
827.03(l)(a): 13 cases
Wheeler v. State, 203 So. 3d 1007 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016).
Ellis v. State, 855 So. 2d 101 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
M.S. ex rel. Soltys v. Seminole Cnty. Sch. Bd., 636 F. Supp. 2d 1317 (M.D. Fla. 2009).
Holt v. State, 781 So. 2d 498 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).
Spagnolo v. State, 116 So. 3d 599 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013).
827.03(l)(a)(3): 2 cases
Pethtel v. State, 177 So. 3d 631 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).
Tate v. State, 136 So. 3d 624 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013).
827.03(l)(b): 13 cases
Burrows v. State, 62 So. 3d 1258 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011).
Clines v. State, 765 So. 2d 947 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000).
Delgado v. State, 71 So. 3d 54 (Fla. 2011).
Andre v. State, 13 So. 3d 103 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009).
Pethtel v. State, 177 So. 3d 631 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).
827.03(l)(c): 1 case
Wheeler v. State, 203 So. 3d 1007 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016).
827.03(l)(d): 2 cases
In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-report No. 2015-04, 190 So. 3d 614 (Fla. 2016).
In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—report No. 2014-02, 152 So. 3d 475 (Fla. 2014).
827.03(l)(e): 3 cases
Jovita C. Ibeagwa v. State of Florida, 141 So. 3d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). “Under section 827.03(1)(e)1., Florida Statutes (2010), Appellant failed to “provide a child with the .”
Burns v. State, 132 So. 3d 1238 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014).
A.J. v. State, 721 So. 2d 761 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998).
827.03(l)(e)(l): 1 case
Poczatek v. State, 213 So. 3d 1065 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017).
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