Iowa Code § 280.28 (2026)

1. Purpose — findings — policy. The state of Iowa is committed to providing all students with a safe and civil school environment in which all members of the school community are treated with dignity and respect. The general assembly finds that a safe and civil school environment is necessary for students to learn and achieve at high academic levels. Harassing and bullying behavior can seriously disrupt the ability of school employees to maintain a safe and civil environment, and the ability of students to learn and succeed. Therefore, it is the policy of the state of Iowa that school employees, volunteers, and students in Iowa schools shall not engage in harassing or bullying behavior.

2. Definitions. For purposes of this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

a. “Electronic” means any communication involving the transmission of information by wire, radio, optical cable, electromagnetic, or other similar means. “Electronic” includes but\n\nTue Dec 09 22:17:53 2025 Iowa Code 2026, Chapter 280 (60, 7) §280.28, UNIFORM SCHOOL REQUIREMENTS 26\n\nis not limited to communication via electronic mail, internet-based communications, pager service, cell phones, and electronic text messaging.

b. “Harassment” and “bullying” shall be construed to mean any repeated and targeted electronic, written, verbal, or physical act or conduct toward a student that creates an objectively hostile school environment that meets one or more of the following conditions:

(1) Places the student in reasonable fear of harm to the student’s person or property.

(2) Has a substantially detrimental effect on the student’s physical or mental health.

(3) Has the effect of substantially interfering with a student’s academic performance.

(4) Has the effect of substantially interfering with the student’s ability to participate in or benefit from the services, activities, or privileges provided by a school.

c. “Volunteer” means an individual who has regular, significant contact with students.

3. Policy. On or before September 1, 2007, the board of directors of a school district and the authorities in charge of each accredited nonpublic school shall adopt a policy declaring harassment and bullying in schools, on school property, and at any school function, or school-sponsored activity regardless of its location, in a manner consistent with this section, as against state and school policy. The board and the authorities shall make a copy of the policy available to all school employees, volunteers, students, and parents or guardians and shall take all appropriate steps to bring the policy against harassment and bullying and the responsibilities set forth in the policy to the attention of school employees, volunteers, students, and parents or guardians. Each policy shall, at a minimum, include all of the following components:

a. A statement declaring harassment and bullying to be against state and school policy. The statement shall include but not be limited to the following provisions:

(1) School employees, volunteers, and students in school, on school property, or at any school function or school-sponsored activity shall not engage in harassing and bullying behavior.

(2) School employees, volunteers, and students shall not engage in reprisal, retaliation, or false accusation against a victim, witness, or an individual who has reliable information about such an act of harassment or bullying.

b. A definition of harassment and bullying as set forth in this section.

c. A description of the type of behavior expected from school employees, volunteers, parents or guardians, and students relative to prevention measures, reporting, and investigation of harassment or bullying.

d. The consequences and appropriate remedial action for a person who violates the antiharassment and antibullying policy.

e. A procedure for reporting an act of harassment or bullying, including the identification by job title of the school official responsible for ensuring that the policy is implemented, and the identification of the person or persons responsible for receiving reports of harassment or bullying.

f. A procedure for reporting an allegation of an act of harassment or bullying, including the identification by job title of the school official responsible for ensuring that the policy is implemented, and the identification of the person or persons responsible for receiving reports of allegations of harassment or bullying. The procedure shall require a school official to notify the parents or guardians of a student enrolled in the school district within twenty-four hours after the school official receives a report that the student may have been the victim of conduct that constitutes harassment or bullying.

g. A procedure for the prompt investigation of complaints, either identifying the school superintendent or the superintendent’s designee as the individual responsible for conducting the investigation, including a statement that investigators will consider the totality of circumstances presented in determining whether conduct objectively constitutes harassment or bullying under this section.

h. A statement of the manner in which the policy will be publicized.

4. Programs encouraged. The board of directors of a school district and the authorities in charge of each accredited nonpublic school are encouraged to establish programs designed to eliminate harassment and bullying in schools. To the extent that funds are available for these purposes, school districts and accredited nonpublic schools shall do the following: \n Tue Dec 09 22:17:53 2025 Iowa Code 2026, Chapter 280 (60, 7) 27 UNIFORM SCHOOL REQUIREMENTS, §280.29\n\n a. Provide training on antiharassment and antibullying policies to school employees and volunteers who have significant contact with students.

b. Develop a process to provide school employees, volunteers, and students with the skills and knowledge to help reduce incidents of harassment and bullying.

5. Immunity. A school employee, volunteer, or student, or a student’s parent or guardian who promptly, reasonably, and in good faith reports an incident of harassment or bullying, in compliance with the procedures in the policy adopted pursuant to this section, to the appropriate school official designated by the school district or accredited nonpublic school, shall be immune from civil or criminal liability relating to such report and to participation in any administrative or judicial proceeding resulting from or relating to the report.

6. Collection requirement. The board of directors of a school district and the authorities in charge of each nonpublic school shall develop and maintain a system to collect harassment and bullying incidence data.

7. Reporting. The board of directors of a school district and the authorities in charge of each nonpublic school shall report data collected under subsection 6, as specified by the department, to the department and to the local community.

8. Existing remedies not affected. This section shall not be construed to preclude a victim from seeking administrative or legal remedies under any applicable provision of law. 2007 Acts, ch 9, §2; 2023 Acts, ch 90, §5; 2023 Acts, ch 91, §20, 21; 2025 Acts, ch 114, §2, 3 Referred to in §279.82, 279.83, 282.18 Subsection 2, paragraph b, unnumbered paragraph 1 amended Subsection 2, paragraph c stricken and former paragraph d redesignated as c \n