Iowa Code
Iowa Code § 9.4 (2026)
Fees
✓ current as of July 2026
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The secretary of state shall collect all fees directed by law to be collected by the secretary of state, including a fee to be determined by the secretary of state by rule adopted pursuant to chapter 17A for a copy of any law or record. [C51, §2524; R60, §4133; C73, §3756; C97, §85; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §88; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §9.4; 81 Acts, ch 21, §1] 93 Acts, ch 143, §1; 2021 Acts, ch 142, §30
\nNotes of Decisions
Cited in 16
cases (9 in the last 5 years), 1984–2025 · leading case: State v. Kreps, 650 N.W.2d 636 (Iowa 2002).
State v. Kreps, 650 N.W.2d 636 (Iowa 2002). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(b), at 146 (3d ed.1996) [hereinafter LaFave].”
Cyclone Sand & Gravel Co. v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment, 351 N.W.2d 778 (Iowa 1984). “45 sets out general standards that must be satisfied before the board can grant a special use permit.”
State v. Kinkead, 570 N.W.2d 97 (Iowa 1997). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(b), at 147-48 (3d ed.1996) (noting that the principal function of an investigatory stop is to resolve the ambiguity as to whether criminal activity is afoot and, therefore, that the “possibility of an innocent explanation does not deprive the…”
State v. Heminover, 619 N.W.2d 353 (Iowa 2000). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4, at 139-40 (1996 & Supp.2000) (stating that the reasonable-suspicion test under Terry is “purely objective and thus there is no requirement that an actual suspicion by the officer be shown” and “the objective grounds as to one offense are not…”
State of Iowa v. Collin Alexander Ruhs, 885 N.W.2d 822 (Iowa Ct. App. 2016). “LaFave, Search & Seizure § 9.4(b), at 148 (3d ed.1996)). The district court found, “In this case it would have been a dereliction of Officer Brownell’s duty to allow the alleged intoxicated driver described by [the bartender] to operate his vehicle on a public roadway without…”
State of Iowa v. Kari Lee Fogg (Iowa 2019). “” 4 LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(a) n.122, at 596– 97. “[T]here was an avenue by which [Fogg] could have actually left.”
Carolyn R. Morse & Elaine v. Greer, Individually & in Their Capacity as Members of Rosendahl Investments, L.L.C., & Rosendahl Investments, L.L.C. v. Nels M. Rosendahl, Individually & in His Capacity as a Member of Rosendahl Investments, L.L.C. (Iowa Ct. App. 2016). “Under section 9.4 of the Operating Agreement, upon the withdrawal of a member, the remaining members, “in their sole discretion,” could decide whether the withdrawing member would continue to receive distributions or whether the remaining members would purchase the withdrawing…”
State of Iowa v. Jaheim Romaine Cyrus (Iowa Ct. App. 2023). “LaFave, Search and Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment § 9.4(a), at 581–82 (5th ed. 2012)). “The element of coercion is not established by ordinary indicia of police authority.”
State of Iowa v. Patrick Bracy (Iowa Ct. App. 2021). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(h) (3d ed.1996)). While Detective Bowermaster was unable to corroborate the most sensitive information from the tippers, the notion that Bracy had recently been dealing methamphetamine was corroborated by the several tips he received.”
State of Iowa v. Timothy Michael Basquin (Iowa 2022). “1, § 9.4 Pleas must be voluntary. Weitzel, 905 N.”
State of Iowa v. Timothy Michael Basquin (Iowa 2022). “1, § 9.4 Pleas must be voluntary. Weitzel, 905 N.”
State of Iowa v. Santos Rene Torres (Iowa 2023). “LaFave, Search and Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment § 9.4(a), at 600–01 (6th ed. 2020) (footnotes omitted); see also Martinez v.”
— Iowa Code § 9.4(a) — 6 cases
State of Iowa v. Kari Lee Fogg (Iowa 2019). “” 4 LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(a) n.122, at 596– 97. “[T]here was an avenue by which [Fogg] could have actually left.”
State of Iowa v. Jaheim Romaine Cyrus (Iowa Ct. App. 2023). “LaFave, Search and Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment § 9.4(a), at 581–82 (5th ed. 2012)). “The element of coercion is not established by ordinary indicia of police authority.”
State of Iowa v. Santos Rene Torres (Iowa 2023). “LaFave, Search and Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment § 9.4(a), at 600–01 (6th ed. 2020) (footnotes omitted); see also Martinez v.”
State of Iowa v. Jaheim Romaine Cyrus (Iowa 2023).
State of Iowa v. Donald Melvin Wittenberg (Iowa 2023).
— Iowa Code § 9.4(b) — 4 cases
State v. Kreps, 650 N.W.2d 636 (Iowa 2002). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(b), at 146 (3d ed.1996) [hereinafter LaFave].”
State v. Kinkead, 570 N.W.2d 97 (Iowa 1997). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(b), at 147-48 (3d ed.1996) (noting that the principal function of an investigatory stop is to resolve the ambiguity as to whether criminal activity is afoot and, therefore, that the “possibility of an innocent explanation does not deprive the…”
State of Iowa v. Collin Alexander Ruhs, 885 N.W.2d 822 (Iowa Ct. App. 2016). “LaFave, Search & Seizure § 9.4(b), at 148 (3d ed.1996)). The district court found, “In this case it would have been a dereliction of Officer Brownell’s duty to allow the alleged intoxicated driver described by [the bartender] to operate his vehicle on a public roadway without…”
State of Iowa v. Jason Anthony Petersen (Iowa Ct. App. 2025).
— Iowa Code § 9.4(f) — 1 case
State v. Kreps, 650 N.W.2d 636 (Iowa 2002). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(b), at 146 (3d ed.1996) [hereinafter LaFave].”
— Iowa Code § 9.4(h) — 1 case
State of Iowa v. Patrick Bracy (Iowa Ct. App. 2021). “LaFave, Search and Seizure § 9.4(h) (3d ed.1996)). While Detective Bowermaster was unable to corroborate the most sensitive information from the tippers, the notion that Bracy had recently been dealing methamphetamine was corroborated by the several tips he received.”
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