30 U.S.C. § 1721

Royalty terms and conditions, interest, and penalties

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(a) Charge on late royalty payment or royalty payment deficiency

In the case of oil and gas leases where royalty payments are not received by the Secretary on the date that such payments are due, or are less than the amount due, the Secretary shall charge interest on such late payments or underpayments at the rate applicable under section 6621 of title 26. In the case of an underpayment or partial payment, interest shall be computed and charged only on the amount of the deficiency and not on the total amount due.

(b) Charge on late payment made by Secretary to States

Any payment made by the Secretary to a State under section 191 of this title and any other payment made by the Secretary to a State from any oil or gas royalty received by the Secretary which is not paid on the date required under section 191 of this title shall include an interest charge computed at the rate applicable under section 6621 of title 26.

All interest charges collected under this chapter or under other applicable laws because of nonpayment, late payment or underpayment of royalties due and owing an Indian tribe or an Indian allottee shall be deposited to the same account as the royalty with respect to which such interest is paid.

(d) Charge on late deposit of royalty fund to an Indian account

Any deposit of royalty funds made by the Secretary to an Indian account which is not made by the date required under section 1714 of this title shall include an interest charge computed at the rate applicable under section 6621 of title 26.

(e) Nonliability of States for Secretary’s failure to comply with the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973 or regulations thereunder

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no State will be assessed for any interest or penalties found to be due against the Secretary for failure to comply with the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973 [15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.] or regulation of the Secretary of Energy thereunder concerning crude oil certification or pricing with respect to crude oil taken by the Secretary in kind as royalty. Any State share of an overcharge, resulting from such failure to comply, shall be assessed against moneys found to be due and owing to such State as a result of audits of royalty accounts for transactions which took place prior to January 12, 1983, except that if after the completion of such audits, sufficient moneys have not been found due and owing to any State, the State shall be assessed the balance of that State’s share of the overcharge.

(f) Limitation on interest charged

Interest shall be charged under this section only for the number of days a payment is late.

(g) Omitted(h) Estimated payment

A lessee or its designee may make a payment for the approximate amount of royalties (hereinafter in this subsection “estimated payment”) that would otherwise be due for such lease by the date royalties are due for that lease. When an estimated payment is made, actual royalties are payable at the end of the month following the month in which the estimated payment is made. If the estimated payment was less than the amount of actual royalties due, interest is owed on the underpaid amount. If the lessee or its designee makes a payment for such actual royalties, the lessee or its designee may apply the estimated payment to future royalties. Any estimated payment may be adjusted, recouped, or reinstated at any time by the lessee or its designee.

(i) Volume allocation of oil and gas production(1) Except as otherwise provided by this subsection—(A) a lessee or its designee of a lease in a unit or communitization agreement which contains only Federal leases with the same royalty rate and funds distribution shall report and pay royalties on oil and gas production for each production month based on the actual volume of production sold by or on behalf of that lessee;(B) a lessee or its designee of a lease in any other unit or communitization agreement shall report and pay royalties on oil and gas production for each production month based on the volume of oil and gas produced from such agreement and allocated to the lease in accordance with the terms of the agreement; and(C) a lessee or its designee of a lease that is not contained in a unit or communitization agreement shall report and pay royalties on oil and gas production for each production month based on the actual volume of production sold by or on behalf of that lessee.(2) This subsection applies only to requirements for reporting and paying royalties. Nothing in this subsection is intended to alter a lessee’s liability for royalties on oil or gas production based on the share of production allocated to the lease in accordance with the terms of the lease, a unit or communitization agreement, or any other agreement.(3) For any unit or communitization agreement if all lessees contractually agree to an alternative method of royalty reporting and payment, the lessees may submit such alternative method to the Secretary or the delegated State for approval and make payments in accordance with such approved alternative method so long as such alternative method does not reduce the amount of the royalty obligation.(4) The Secretary or the delegated State shall grant an exception from the reporting and payment requirements for marginal properties by allowing for any calendar year or portion thereof royalties to be paid each month based on the volume of production sold. Interest shall not accrue on the difference for the entire calendar year or portion thereof between the amount of oil and gas actually sold and the share of production allocated to the lease until the beginning of the month following such calendar year or portion thereof. Any additional royalties due or overpaid royalties and associated interest shall be paid, refunded, or credited within six months after the end of each calendar year in which royalties are paid based on volumes of production sold. For the purpose of this subsection, the term “marginal property” means a lease that produces on average the combined equivalent of less than 15 barrels of oil per well per day or 90 thousand cubic feet of gas per well per day, or a combination thereof, determined by dividing the average daily production of crude oil and natural gas from producing wells on such lease by the number of such wells, unless the Secretary, together with the State concerned, determines that a different production is more appropriate.(5) Not later than two years after August 13, 1996, the Secretary shall issue any appropriate demand for all outstanding royalty payment disputes regarding who is required to report and pay royalties on production from units and communitization agreements outstanding on August 13, 1996, and collect royalty amounts owed on such production.(j) Production allocation

The Secretary shall issue all determinations of allocations of production for units and communitization agreements within 120 days of a request for determination. Until the Secretary issues the determination, the lessee or its designee of a lease in a unit or communitization agreement shall report and pay royalties on oil and gas production for each production month in accordance with the terms of the proposed allocation of production for the unit or communitization agreement. After the Secretary issues the determination, the lessee or its designee shall, as necessary, correct such reports and the amount of royalties paid on oil and gas production under the unit or communitization agreement by not later than the end of the third month following the month in which the lessee or its designee receives the determination from the Secretary. Subject to the full and timely monthly payment of royalties to all parties in accordance with the terms of the proposed allocation of production for the unit or communitization agreement, the Secretary shall waive interest due on obligations subject to the determination until the end of the third month following the month in which the lessee or its designee receives the determination from the Secretary. This subsection shall not apply to unit or communization agreements containing Indian lands.

(Pub. L. 97–451, title I, § 111, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(a)–(e), (h)(1), Aug. 13, 1996, 110 Stat. 1712–1715; Pub. L. 104–200, § 1(3)–(6), Sept. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title III, § 305(a), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1183; Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXX, § 3021(c)(2), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3761; Pub. L. 114–94, div. C, title XXXII, § 32301, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1741; Pub. L. 118–81, § 2, Sept. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 1520.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 93–159, Nov. 27, 1973, 87 Stat. 628, which was classified generally to chapter 16A (§ 751 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 760g of Title 15, which provided for the expiration of the President’s authority under that chapter on Sept. 30, 1981.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 111 of Pub. L. 97–451. Subsec. (g) of section 111 of Pub. L. 97–451 amended section 191(a) of this title.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 118–81 amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall issue all determinations of allocations of production for units and communitization agreements within 120 days of a request for determination. If the Secretary fails to issue a determination within such 120-day period, the Secretary shall waive interest due on obligations subject to the determination until the end of the month following the month in which the determination is made.”

2015—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94 redesignated subsec. (j) as (h), struck out “If the estimated payment exceeds the actual royalties due, interest is owed on the overpayment.” after “underpaid amount.”, and struck out former subsec. (h) which related to lessee or designee interest.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–94, § 32301(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (k) as (i) and struck out former subsec. (i) which related to limitation on interest.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 114–94, § 32301(2), redesignated subsec. (l) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (h).

Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 114–94, § 32301(2), redesignated subsecs. (k) and (l) as (i) and (j), respectively.

2014—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted “a rate equal to the sum of the Federal short-term rate determined under section 6621(b) of title 26 plus 1 percentage point.” for “the rate obtained by applying the provisions of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 6621(a)(1) of title 26, but determined without regard to the sentence following subparagraph (B) of section 6621(a)(1).”

2013—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 113–67 inserted subsec. heading; designated first sentence as par. (1), inserted heading, and substituted “Interest shall not be paid on any excessive overpayment.” for “Upon a determination by the Secretary that an excessive overpayment (based upon all obligations of a lessee or its designee for a given reporting month) was made for the sole purpose of receiving interest, interest shall not be paid on the excessive amount of such overpayment.”; and designated second sentence as par. (2) and inserted heading.

1996—Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(h)(1), substituted “Royalty terms and conditions, interest, and penalties” for “Royalty interest, penalties and payments” in section catchline.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(a), added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–200, § 1(3), inserted “not” after “receiving interest, interest shall”.

Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(b), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–200, § 1(4), (5), substituted “date royalties are due” for “rate royalties are due”, “interest is owed on the underpaid amount” for “interest is owned on the underpaid amount”, and “interest is owed on the overpayment” for “interest is owned on the overpayment”.

Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(c), added subsec. (j).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(d), added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 104–200, § 1(6), substituted “additional royalties due” for “additional royalties dues”.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 104–185, § 6(e), added subsec. (l).

1986—Subsecs. (a), (b), (d). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title III, § 305(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1183, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 2014.”

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–185 applicable with respect to production of oil and gas after the first day of the month following Aug. 13, 1996, except as provided by subsecs. (h) and (k)(5) of this section, see section 11 of Pub. L. 104–185, set out as a note under section 1701 of this title.

Applicability of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–185 not applicable to any privately owned minerals or with respect to Indian lands, see sections 9 and 10 of Pub. L. 104–185, set out as a note under section 1701 of this title.

Payment of Interest Charges From Current Receipts

Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3053, as amended by Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2109, provided in part: “That in fiscal year 2005 and thereafter, notwithstanding 30 U.S.C. 191(a) and 43 U.S.C. 1338, the Secretary shall pay amounts owed to States and Indian accounts under the provisions of 30 U.S.C. 1721(b) and (d) from amounts received as current receipts from bonuses, royalties, interest collected from lessees and designees, and rentals of the public lands and the outer continental shelf under provisions of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), and the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.), which are not payable to a State or the Reclamation Fund.”

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 15 cases, 1987–2020 · leading case: Amax Land Co. v. Quarterman, Cynthia, 181 F.3d 1356 (D.C. Cir. 1999).

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Amax Land Co. v. Quarterman, Cynthia, 181 F.3d 1356 (D.C. Cir. 1999). · cites it 5× “2447 , 2455 (1983) (codified at 30 U.S.C. § 1721 (a) (1994)). (Congress explicitly deferred legislation on coal leases until MMS studied the matter and filed a report, see id.”

Shoshone Indian Tribe of Wind River Reservation v. United States, 58 Fed. Cl. 77 (Fed. Cl. 2003). · cites it 2× “With respect to the 1981 to 2000 time period, plaintiffs rely on 30 U.S.C. § 1721 (a), Pis’ Supp. at 2, which states, with respect to a charge on late payment or royalty interest: In the case of oil and gas leases where royalty payments are not received by the Secretary on the…”

Amoco Prod. Co. v. Baca, 300 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2003). · cites it 2× “30 U.S.C. § 1721 (a) (2003). Likewise, the implementing regulation issued by MMS states that “an interest charge shall be assessed on unpaid and underpaid amounts from the date the amounts are due.”

Mobil Expl. & Producing U.S., Inc. v. Babbitt, 913 F. Supp. 5 (D.D.C. 1995). · cites it 2× “§ 1339 (a), and if MEPUS is found to have underpaid royalties, the Dol will bill MEPUS for a higher-than-market penalty rate under 30 U.S.C. § 1721 (a), which the Dol admits goes beyond what is needed to compensate the Treasury for the time value of the money.”

Burlington Resources Oil & Gas Co. v. United States Dep't of the Interior, 21 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 1998). · cites it 2× “Under 30 U.S.C. § 1721 (a), “[i]n the case of oil and gas leases where royalty payments are not received by the Secretary on the date that such payments are due, or are less than the amount due, the Secretaiy shall charge interest on such late payments .”

Coosewoon v. Meridian Oil Co., 25 F.3d 920 (10th Cir. 1994). “See 30 U.S.C. § 1721 . Plaintiffs’ attempt to require Meridian to comply with state law concerning interest on unpaid royalties is incompatible and interferes with the Secretary’s interests in enforcing its provisions concerning the late payment of royalties.”

Amoco Prod. Co. v. United States, 663 F. Supp. 998 (D. Utah 1987). “” 30 U.S.C. § 1721 (a). The three additional points represent a penalty for late payment.”

Bp Expl. & Prod. Inc. v. United States (Fed. Cl. 2019). · cites it 8× “While BP’s appeal was pending before the Director, Congress had enacted the FAST Act on December 4, 2015, amending 30 U.S.C. § 1721 by removing the requirement for ONRR to pay interest on overpayments refunded to lessees.”

Bp Expl. & Prod. Inc. v. United States (Fed. Cl. 2020). · cites it 5× “In December 2015, while BP’s appeal before the ONRR Director was pending, Congress passed the FAST Act, which amended 30 U.S.C. § 1721 by repealing the provisions that had previously authorized ONRR to pay interest on royalty overpayment refunds.”

Bp Am. Prod. Co. v. United States (Fed. Cl. 2019). · cites it 4× “* 1996; 30 U.S.C. § 1721 ; 30 U.S.C. § * 1724; Statute of Limitations; 28 U.”

Steven N.S. Cheung, Inc. v. United States, 545 F.3d 695 (9th Cir. 2008). “30 U.S.C. § 1721 governs the terms and conditions of oil and gas leases, including the rate of interest owed on overpayments of royalties.”

Bp Am. Prod. Co. v. United States (Fed. Cl. 2020). · cites it 3× “18-607C (Filed: April 28, 2020) ************************************* * 30 U.S.C. § 1721 (2012); Fixing BP AMERICA PRODUCTION * America’s Surface Transportation Act; COMPANY, * Federal Oil and Gas Royalty * Management Act of 1982; Royalty Plaintiff, * Simplification and Fairness…”

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— 30 U.S.C. § 1721(h) — 1 case

Bp Am. Prod. Co. v. United States (Fed. Cl. 2019). “* 1996; 30 U.S.C. § 1721 ; 30 U.S.C. § * 1724; Statute of Limitations; 28 U.”

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