Vermont Statutes Annotated

Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 28, § 801 (2026)

Medical care of inmates

✓ current as of May 2026

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Subchapter 003 : CARE OF INMATES

(Cite as: 28 V.S.A. § 801)

§ 801. Medical care of inmates

(a) Provision of medical care. The Department shall provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards. When the provision of such care requires that the inmate be taken outside the boundaries of the correctional facility wherein the inmate is confined, the Department shall provide reasonable safeguards, when deemed necessary, for the custody of the inmate while the inmate is confined at a medical facility.

(b) Screenings and assessments.
(1) Upon admission to a correctional facility for a minimum of 14 consecutive days, each inmate shall be given a physical assessment unless extenuating circumstances exist.

(2) Within 24 hours after admission to a correctional facility, each inmate shall be screened for substance use disorders as part of the initial and ongoing substance use screening and assessment process. This process includes screening and assessment for opioid use disorders.

(c) Emergency care. When there is reason to believe an inmate is in need of medical care, the officers and employees shall render emergency first aid and immediately secure additional medical care for the inmate in accordance with the standards set forth in subsection (a) of this section. A correctional facility shall have on staff at all times at least one person trained in emergency first aid.

(d) Policies. The Department shall establish and maintain policies for the delivery of health care in accordance with the standards in subsection (a) of this section.

(e) Pre-existing prescriptions; definitions for subchapter.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an inmate who is admitted to a correctional facility while under the medical care of a licensed physician, a licensed physician assistant, or a licensed advanced practice registered nurse and who is taking medication at the time of admission pursuant to a valid prescription as verified by the inmate’s pharmacy of record, primary care provider, other licensed care provider, or as verified by the Vermont Prescription Monitoring System or other prescription monitoring or information system, including buprenorphine, methadone, or other medication prescribed in the course of medication for opioid use disorder, shall be entitled to continue that medication and to be provided that medication by the Department pending an evaluation by a licensed physician, a licensed physician assistant, or a licensed advanced practice registered nurse.

(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection, the Department may defer provision of a validly prescribed medication in accordance with this subsection if, in the clinical judgment of a licensed physician, a physician assistant, or an advanced practice registered nurse, it is not medically necessary to continue the medication at that time.

(3) The licensed practitioner who makes the clinical judgment to discontinue a medication shall cause the reason for the discontinuance to be entered into the inmate’s medical record, specifically stating the reason for the discontinuance. The inmate shall be provided, both orally and in writing, with a specific explanation of the decision to discontinue the medication and with notice of the right to have the inmate’s community-based prescriber notified of the decision. If the inmate provides signed authorization, the Department shall notify the community-based prescriber in writing of the decision to discontinue the medication.

(4) It is not the intent of the General Assembly that this subsection shall create a new or additional private right of action.

(5) As used in this subchapter:

(A) “Medically necessary” describes health care services that are appropriate in terms of type, amount, frequency, level, setting, and duration to the individual’s diagnosis or condition; are informed by generally accepted medical or scientific evidence; and are consistent with generally accepted practice parameters. Such services shall be informed by the unique needs of each individual and each presenting situation and shall include a determination that a service is needed to achieve proper growth and development or to prevent the onset or worsening of a health condition.

(B) “Medication for opioid use disorder” has the same meaning as in 18 V.S.A. § 4750.

(f) Third-party medical provider contracts. Any contract between the Department and a provider of physical or mental health services shall establish policies and procedures for continuation and provision of medication at the time of admission and thereafter, as determined by an appropriate evaluation, which will protect the health of inmates.

(g) Prescription medication; reentry planning.
(1) If an offender takes a prescribed medication while incarcerated and that prescribed medication continues to be both available at the facility and clinically appropriate for the offender at the time of discharge from the correctional facility, the Department or its contractor shall provide the offender, at the time of release, with not less than a 28-day supply of the prescribed medication, if possible, to ensure that the offender may continue taking the medication as prescribed until the offender is able to fill a new prescription for the medication in the community. The Department or its contractor shall also provide the offender exiting the facility with a valid prescription to continue the medication after any supply provided during release from the facility is depleted.

(2) The Department or its contractor shall identify any necessary licensed health care provider or substance use disorder treatment program, or both, and schedule an intake appointment for the offender with the provider or program to ensure that the offender can continue care in the community as part of the offender’s reentry plan. The Department or its contractor may employ or contract with a case worker or health navigator to assist with scheduling any health care appointments in the community. (Added 1971, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 20; amended 1985, No. 139 (Adj. Sess.); 1987, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; 2009, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 6; 2013, No. 34, § 30a; 2017, No. 153 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. May 21, 2018; 2017, No. 176 (Adj. Sess.), § 3; 2023, No. 159 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2024; 2025, No. 18, § 50, eff. May 13, 2025.)

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 25 cases (15 in the last 5 years), 1976–2026 · leading case: Patrick Mullinnex . v. Lisa Menard, 2020 VT 33 (Vt. 2020).

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Patrick Mullinnex . v. Lisa Menard, 2020 VT 33 (Vt. 2020). · cites it 3× “Pursuant to 28 V.S.A. § 801(a), the DOC must “provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

Battick v. Stoneman, 421 F. Supp. 213 (D. Vt. 1976). · cites it 2× “The plaintiff asserts that 28 V.S.A. § 801, 16 which requires the correctional department to establish and maintain services for its inmates is violated by the ministering to his special medical needs in medical facilities maintained by the Bureau of Prisons, outside of Vermont.”

Hebert v. State, 679 A.2d 887 (Vt. 1996). “§ 601(3), which requires supervisors “[t]o take proper measures to protect the safety of the inmates,” and 28 VS.A. § 801(a), which requires the Corrections Department to “provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

Taylor v. Deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2026). · cites it 9× “" 28 V.S.A. § 801(a). At the merits hearing, Mr.”

currier v. deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). · cites it 6× “” 28 V.S.A. § 801 (a). Issues of whether the Department has met this standard in providing speciﬁc medical care to an inmate may be appealed and reviewed under Rule 75.”

wool v. bullard (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). · cites it 4× “Wool claims that his current inability to participate in VIPSA violates 28 V.S.A. §§ 801 and 907, and chapter 1, article 18 of the Vermont Constitution.”

Maniery v. Deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). · cites it 3× “Although the Department ultimately has discretion to determine what level or nature of health care satisfies “prevailing medical standards,” the Department must take some rational action in order to make that determination for inmates under the Department custody and care.”

Wool v. Bullard (Vt. Super. Ct. 2015). · cites it 4× “Wool claims that his current inability to participate in VTPSA violates 28 V.S.A. §§ 801 and 907, and chapter 1, article 18 of the Vermont Constitution.”

Beyor v. Deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). · cites it 2× “28 V.S.A. § 801(a). To be clear, Mr. Beyor does not claim insufficient treatment for his conditions generally—he specifically claims that, to comply with § 801(a), the DOC must give him these two specific prescriptions in the requested amounts.”

Zazzali v. VitalCore Health Strategies, LLC (D. Vt. 2025). · cites it 2× “5 at 8, ¶ 45); 28 V.S.A. § 801 (“The Department shall provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

Gilbeau v. Vermont Dept. of Corr. (Vt. Super. Ct. 2016). “Plaintiff next argues that he should not have to exhaust because the Department allowed him a tomato-free diet at a different institution, and because he need not exhaust where the matter concerns health care, which is controlled by 28 V.S.A. § 801(a). Neither argument is…”

crannell v. pallito (Vt. Super. Ct. 2023). “28 V.S.A. § 801(a), “Medical Care of Inmates,” provides that “The Department shall provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

Show all 25 citing cases →

— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 28, § 801(a) — 13 cases

Patrick Mullinnex . v. Lisa Menard, 2020 VT 33 (Vt. 2020). “Pursuant to 28 V.S.A. § 801(a), the DOC must “provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

Taylor v. Deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2026). “" 28 V.S.A. § 801(a). At the merits hearing, Mr.”

currier v. deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). “” 28 V.S.A. § 801 (a). Issues of whether the Department has met this standard in providing speciﬁc medical care to an inmate may be appealed and reviewed under Rule 75.”

Beyor v. Deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). “28 V.S.A. § 801(a). To be clear, Mr. Beyor does not claim insufficient treatment for his conditions generally—he specifically claims that, to comply with § 801(a), the DOC must give him these two specific prescriptions in the requested amounts.”

— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 28, § 801(c) — 1 case

Nash v. Wennar, 645 F. Supp. 238 (D. Vt. 1986).

— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 28, § 801(d) — 1 case

Maniery v. Deml (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024). “Although the Department ultimately has discretion to determine what level or nature of health care satisfies “prevailing medical standards,” the Department must take some rational action in order to make that determination for inmates under the Department custody and care.”

— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 28, § 801(e) — 1 case

Patrick Mullinnex . v. Lisa Menard, 2020 VT 33 (Vt. 2020). “Pursuant to 28 V.S.A. § 801(a), the DOC must “provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 28, § 801(e)(4) — 1 case

Zazzali v. VitalCore Health Strategies, LLC (D. Vt. 2025). “5 at 8, ¶ 45); 28 V.S.A. § 801 (“The Department shall provide health care for inmates in accordance with the prevailing medical standards.”

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