green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
6.8 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1997 · 2 courts ·
…he dangers of cigarette smoking have long been known to the community.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1997 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1997
2011
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 9 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
American Tobacco Co., Inc. v. Grinnell
(2×)
he dangers of cigarette smoking have long been known to the community.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Arnold v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.
he dangers of cigarette smoking have long been known to the community.
discussed
Cited "see"
City of Olympia v. Drebick
Id. at 786-90, 83 P.3d 443 ; see Campbell & Gwinn, 146 Wash.2d at 11-12 , 43 P.3d 4 (noting that recourse to legislative history is appropriate only where intended meaning is indiscernible from plain language of provision and related provisions and statutes). [4] For example, the dissent relies on Ehrlich v. City of Culver City, 12 Cal.4th 854 , 50 Cal.Rptr.2d 242 , 911 P.2d 429, 444 , cert. denied, 519 U.S. 929 , 117 S.Ct. 299 , 136 L.Ed.2d 218 (1996).
discussed
Cited "see"
Town of Flower Mound v. Stafford Estates Ltd. Partnership
Ehrlich, 50 Cal.Rptr.2d 242 , 911 P.2d at 432 (plurality op. by Arabian, J., joined by Lucas, C.J., and George, J.); id., 50 Cal. Rptr.2d 242 , 911 P.2d at 451 (Mosk, J., concurring) (Dolan "is generally not applicable to development fees; the present case is thus more the exception than the rule”); id., 50 Cal.Rptr.2d 242 , 911 P.2d at 462 (Kennard, J., concurring and dissenting, joined by Baxter, J., in concurring), ("I agree with the majority that Nollan-Dolan’s ‘essential nexus' and 'rough proportionality’ requirements apply to monetary exactions that, like the mitigation fee invol…
cited
Cited "see"
City of Annapolis v. Waterman
See Ehrlich v. City of Culver City, 12 Cal.4th 854 , 50 Cal.Rptr.2d 242 , 911 P.2d 429 , cert. denied, 519 U.S. 929 , 117 S.Ct. 299 , 136 L.Ed.2d 218 (1996). 17 .
cited
Cited "see"
Smith v. Severn
See Jarabe v. Industrial Comm'n, 172 Ill.2d 345 , 216 Ill.Dec. 833 , 666 N.E.2d 1 , cert. denied, — U.S. —, 117 S.Ct. 300 , 136 L.Ed.2d 218 (1996). .
discussed
Cited "see"
Smith v. Severn
See Jarabe v. Industrial Comm'n, 172 Ill.2d 345 , 216 Ill.Dec. 833 , 666 N.E.2d 1 , cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 117 S.Ct. 300 , 136 L.Ed.2d 218 (1996). 4 Plaintiff also moved for summary judgment as to Count I (the state claims) and defendants filed a cross motion for summary judgment as to the same count.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
98 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 3296, 98 Daily Journal D.A.R. 4562 Faye Garneau, Edward Garneau, Robert Klepinger, Nicolas Fedan, Richard Ju, Triad Development, Inc., a Washington Corporation v. City of Seattle, a Municipal Corporation, and the Tenants Union, Defendant-Intervenor-Appellee
See Nollan, 483 U.S. at 837 , 107 S.Ct. 3141 ; see also Ehrlich v. City of Culver City, 12 Cal.4th 854 , 50 Cal.Rptr.2d 242, 257 , 911 P.2d 429, 444 , cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 117 S.Ct. 299 , 136 L.Ed.2d 218 (1996); id., 50 Cal.Rptr.2d at 272 , 911 P.2d at 272 at 459 (Mosk, J., concurring) (noting that at ad hoc decision making aimed at individuals increases risk of extortionate government behavior).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Garneau v. City of Seattle
The rationale for this burden shifting appears to rest on the Court’s concern that where the government demands individual parcels of land through adjudicative, rather than legislative* decision making, there is a heightened risk of extortionate behavior by the government See Nollan, 483 U.S. at 837 , 107 S.Ct. 3141 ; see also Ehrlich v. City of Culver City, 12 Cal.4th 854 , 50 Cal.Rptr.2d 242, 257 , 911 P.2d 429, 444 , cert. denied, - U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 299 , 136 L.Ed.2d 218 (1996); id., 50 Cal.Rptr.2d at 272 , 911 P.2d at 272 at 459 (Mosk, J., concurring)-(noting that at ad hoc decision mak…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Hedden
v.
National Railroad Passenger Corporation
v.
National Railroad Passenger Corporation
No. 96-246.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 15, 1996.
Published
Citer courts: Texas Supreme Court (2) · D. Rhode Island (1)
C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.