Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). · Go Syfert
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
G Cite
123 citation events (87 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Matthews, Cornelious L. (texcrimapp, 2014-06-11)
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 36 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Matthews, Cornelious L.
Tex. Crim. App. · 2014 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
circumstances short of probable cause for an arrest may justify a temporary investigation or detention because investigation is a lesser intrusion on personal security than an arrest.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Gregory Gutierrez v. State
Tex. App. · 2013 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
mere suspicions do not meet this test, but neither is absolute certainty required.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Herrera v. State
Tex. App. · 2018 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
mere suspicions do not meet this test, but neither is absolute certainty required.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) George Garza Iii v. State
Tex. App. · 2013 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when evaluating the sufficiency of the evidence the appellate court must look at all the evidence, whether properly or improperly admitted.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Christopher Marcus Hatter v. State
Tex. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
I, § 9; Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rivera, Eliseo Jr. (2×)
Tex. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
The present case is like that in Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Matthews, Cornelious L.
Tex. Crim. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 , 104 L.Ed.2d 1 (1989); Derichsweiler v. State, 348 S.W.3d 906, 914 (Tex.Crim.App.2011); Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Tex.Crim.App.1992) ("Circumstances short of probable cause for an arrest may justify a temporary investigation or detention because investigation is a lesser intrusion on personal security than an arrest.”) (internal quotation marks omitted). 18 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) Derichsweiler, Mark Alan
Tex. Crim. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
Meeks v. State , supra . 43. 843 S.W.2d at 573. 44.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Derichsweiler, Mark Alan (2×)
Tex. Crim. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
We likewise hold today that the totality of circumstances, including the appellant’s strangely persistent, if admittedly non-criminal, behavior, gave rise to a reasonable suspicion that he was about to engage in criminal activity.46 43 843 S.W.2d at 573. 44 Id. at 575. 45 Id. 46 Indeed, it is arguable that this case presents more compelling facts to support reasonable suspicion than does Bobo.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Mark Derichsweiler v. State (5×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
After trial, the trial court made findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding Derichsweiler’s stop, concluding that Officer Carraby had reasonable suspicion to detain Derichsweiler “to investigate his suspicious behavior and possible involvement in criminal activity” and that the case was “almost on point” with Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575 (Tex. Crim.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Mark Derichsweiler v. State (7×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
After trial, the trial court made findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding 4 Derichsweiler’s stop, concluding that Officer Carraby had reasonable suspicion to detain Derichsweiler “to investigate his suspicious behavior and possible involvement in criminal activity” and that the case was “almost on point” with Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575 (Tex. Crim.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Derichsweiler v. State (18×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
After trial, the trial court made findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding Derichsweiler’s stop, concluding that Officer Carraby had reasonable suspicion to detain Derichsweiler “to investigate his suspicious behavior and possible involvement in criminal activity” and that the case was “almost on point” with Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575 (Tex.Crim.App.1992).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mario Alberto Gonzalez v. State
Tex. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Paul Anderson Pippillion v. State
Tex. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
See Jackson v. Virginia , 443 U.S. 307 , 99 S.Ct. 2781 , 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-576 (Tex. Crim.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Donald Edgar Meanor v. State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jason Noble v. State of Texas (2×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex. Crim.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Brandon Linn Dudley v. State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dudley v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Chambers v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 460 (Tex.Crim.App.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) in Re Dannie Lee Mitchell, Relator
Tex. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
Moreover, with respect to relator’s sufficiency of the evidence claim, there is no clerk’s or reporter’s records before us to indicate what proof may have been offered with respect to the enhancement allegations, and claims of insufficiency of the evidence can ordinarily be raised by direct appeal. (footnote: 2) See Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McGowen v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Beltran v. State, 728 S.W.2d 382, 389 (Tex.Crim.App.1987).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Serrano v. State
Tex. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575 (Tex.Crim.App.1992).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Pine v. State
Tex. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Rodriguez v. State, 819 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tex.Crim.App.1991). 4 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) DeJesus v. State
Tex. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-576 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Rodriguez v. State, 819 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tex.Crim.App.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hoffman v. State
Tex. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
E.g., Robbins v. State, 843 S.W.2d 570, 570 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Young v. State, 843 S.W.2d 570, 571 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Slott v. State, 843 S.W.2d 571, 571 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Holifield v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 572 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); see also Grunsfeld v. State, 843 S.W.2d 521, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1992) (holding admissibility of extraneous act requires final conviction).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Kent v. State
Tex. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Rodriguez v. State, 819 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tex.Crim.App.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vercher v. State
Tex. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Last year, in Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Tex.Crim.App.1992), the Court of Criminal Appeals “granted appellant’s petition ... to decide the continued viability of the pretext arrest doctrine under the Texas Constitution.” The court, however, did not reach the issue because it found that the officer’s detention of the appellant “was not a pretext arrest[.]” Id.
cited Cited "see" Jesus Galvez Tobon v. State
Tex. App. · 2006 · signal: see · confidence high
App. 2004); Hernandez v. State , 52 S.W.3d 268, 277 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.); see Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited "see" Avellaneda, Francisco Javier v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-576 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited "see" Jesus Vargas v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited "see" In Re GAT (2×)
Tex. App. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992).
discussed Cited "see" In re G.A.T. (2×)
Tex. App. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992).
cited Cited "see" Ortiz v. State
Tex. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 575-76 (Tex.Crim.App.1992).
discussed Cited "see" Rosales v. State
Tex. App. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holifield v. State, 827 S.W.2d 623, 624-25 (TexApp. — Beaumont 1992), rev’d and remanded on other grounds, 843 S.W.2d 572 (Tex.Cr.App.1992); Sandow v. State, 787 S.W.2d 588, 595 (TexApp. — Austin 1990, pet. ref'd); see also, Tex.R.CRIM.Evid. 801(d).
discussed Cited "see" Crittenden v. State (2×)
Tex. Crim. App. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572, 574-75 (Tex.Cr.App.1992).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Lydia Gore Soto v. State
Tex. App. · 2008 · signal: see also · confidence medium
App. 1997) (quoting Terry v. Ohio , 392 U.S. 1, 30 , 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1884 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968)); see also Bobo v. State , 843 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Wiltz v. State (2×)
Tex. Crim. App. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, Bobo v. State, 843 S.W.2d 572 (Tex.Cr.App. 1992) (petition granted to determine viability of pre-text arrest doctrine under Texas Constitution but dismissed because pre-text doctrine not involved.); Geesa v. State, 820 S.W.2d 154 (Tex.Cr.App.1991) (petition granted to consider continued viability of outstanding reasonable hypothesis analytical construct but Court required definition of reasonable doubt); and Fuller v. State, 829 S.W.2d 191 , 199 n. 4 (Tex.Cr.App.1992) (Court found point of error procedurally defaulted even though waiver not raised by the State.).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Thomas Gerald BOBO, AKA Jerry Dubois, AKA Jerry Thomas Lee, Appellant,
v.
the STATE of Texas, Appellee
431-91.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Dec 9, 1992.
843 S.W.2d 572
Bob Tarrant, Houston, for appellant., John B. Holmes, Jr., Dist. Atty. and J. Harvey Hudson, Asst. Dist. Atty., Houston, Robert Huttash, State’s Atty., Austin, for State.
Baird, Clinton, Maloney, McCormick.
Cited by 49 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 91%
Citer courts: Court of Appeals of Texas (2)

OPINION ON STATE’S AND APPELLANT’S PETITIONS FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

BAIRD, Judge.

Appellant was charged with the offense of burglary of a habitation pursuant to Tex.Penal Code Ann. § 30.02(a)(1). Appellant moved to suppress evidence contending the officer stopped appellant’s vehicle for a traffic violation as a pretext to question appellant concerning the alleged burglary. The trial judge denied appellant’s motion. Appellant was convicted by a jury and sentenced to seventy-five years confinement. Tex.Penal Code Ann. § 12.42(d). The Court of Appeals held appellant’s arrest was valid but remanded the case for a new punishment hearing because the trial judge erroneously admitted a penitentiary packet. Bobo v. State, 805 S.W.2d 493 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991). We granted appellant’s petition for discretionary review to determine the viability of the pretext arrest doctrine [1] and the State’s petition for discretionary review to determine whether the Court of Appeals erred in precluding re-litigation of the appellant’s prior conviction. [2] We will affirm in part and reverse in part.

I.

On November 10, 1988, Houston police officer Monty Bradney was working security at the Memorial Club Townhouses in Harris County. A resident of the complex observed two suspicious persons “milling around some townhouses” and notified the realty office. The realty office notified Bradney. The suspicious persons were described as a man with a red plaid shirt and a lady with blonde hair in a white shirt and jeans. Within minutes of the call, Bradney sighted a vehicle occupied by two persons who matched the description and made an effort to catch up to the vehicle. Bradney observed the vehicle “roll through” a stop[*574] sign and stopped the vehicle. [3] Appellant exited the vehicle and informed Bradney he was visiting a friend, although appellant did not know the friend’s name or address. Appellant was sweating and appeared to be very nervous. Appellant informed Brad-ney that the other occupant of the vehicle, Tammy Barksdale, knew the name of the friend they were visiting and Bradney approached appellant’s vehicle to speak with Barksdale. Bradney observed a pillowcase “stuffed full of items,” between Barks-dale’s legs. Barksdale likewise could not remember the name or address of the friend. Bradney radioed for assistance and requested a check of appellant’s criminal history for any outstanding warrants. Appellant had an outstanding warrant and was arrested. Barksdale then admitted that she and appellant had burglarized a townhouse.

II.

Appellant contends Bradney stopped his vehicle for running a stop sign as a pretext to investigate the suspicious persons call. In Garcia v. State, 827 S.W.2d 937 (Tex.Cr.App.1992), we held the pretext arrest doctrine is no longer viable under the Fourth Amendment to the United State’s Constitution. However, the continued viability of the pretext arrest doctrine under the Texas Constitution was not decided. See, Garcia, 827 S.W.2d at 943, n. 8 [citing Heitman v. State, 815 S.W.2d 681 (Tex.Cr.App.1991)]. [4]

Appellant correctly recognizes a conflict between our plurality decisions in Black v. State, 739 S.W.2d 240 (Tex.Cr.App.1987), and Gordon v. State, 801 S.W.2d 899 (Tex. Cr.App.1990). In Black a plurality of this Court held “[w]hen an arrest is used as a pretext, it is an illegal arrest and evidence

discovered as a result of it may not be used at trial.” Black, 739 S.W.2d at 244. However, in Gordon, the plurality attempted to overrule Black by holding Article I, § 9 of the Texas Constitution was no more restrictive than the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. Gordon, 801 S.W.2d at 912.

In the instant case, the Court of Appeals addressed the pretext arrest issue and relied on Gordon for the proposition “that there is no ‘pretext arrest’ doctrine in Texas.” Bobo v. State, 805 S.W.2d at 495. We granted appellant’s petition in this case to decide the continued viability of the pretext arrest doctrine under the Texas Constitution. However, for the following reasons, we find Bradney’s detention of appellant was not a pretext arrest and, therefore, we need not determine the continued viability of the pretext arrest doctrine under the Texas Constitution.

The record reveals that Bradney stopped appellant in order to investigate the report of suspicious persons being observed at a location within the townhouse complex. “Circumstances short of probable cause for an arrest may justify a temporary investigation or detention because investigation is a lesser intrusion on personal security than an arrest.” Fatemi v. State, 558 S.W.2d 463 (Tex.Cr.App.1977). See also, Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 30, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1884, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); and, Ramirez v. State, 672 S.W.2d 480 (Tex.Cr.App.1984). “A police officer may briefly stop a suspicious individual in order to determine his identity or to maintain his status quo momentarily while obtaining more information. An occupant of an automobile is just as subject to a brief detention as is a pedestrian.” Gearing v. State, 685 S.W.2d 326, 327-328 (Tex.Cr.App.1985). See also, Adams v. [*575] Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 92 S.Ct. 1921, 32 L.Ed.2d 612 (1972). Finally, we look to all the surrounding circumstances to determine whether the officer had “specific, ar-ticulable facts, which in light of [his] experience and general knowledge, together with rational inferences from those facts, would reasonably warrant [the] intrusion.” Glass v. State, 681 S.W.2d 599, 601 (Tex.Cr.App.1984). As we noted in Glass, “Mere suspicions do not meet this test [citation omitted], but neither is absolute certainty required.” Id. See also, Amores v. State, 816 S.W.2d 407, 413 (Tex.Cr.App.1991); Gearing, 685 S.W.2d at 328; and, Shaffer v. State, 562 S.W.2d 853 (Tex.Cr.App.1978).

Bradney was notified that a resident had observed two suspicious persons in an area where they should not be and received specific physical descriptions of the persons. Based upon his fifteen years of law enforcement experience, Bradney felt the situation demanded investigation. Observing two persons leaving the area, who matched the description of the suspicious persons, Bradney stopped the vehicle and detained the occupants. Appellant was unable to provide a reasonable explanation for his presence in the townhouse complex and acted suspiciously. Barksdale had a pillow case, holding several items, between her legs and when asked about the contents replied: “... there’s two or three jewelry boxes with jewelry, calculators and some other things.” The report by a citizen identifying suspicious persons around several homes, the observation of appellant, who matched the description in the report, leaving in an automobile subsequent to the report and Bradney’s experience all provided Bradney a reasonable articulable suspicion that appellant was connected with criminal activity. The actions and statements by appellant and Barksdale, coupled with Bradney’s experience, enhanced such suspicion and demanded further investigation. Finding Bradney’s initial detention of appellant was justified, we conclude our decision to grant appellant’s petition was improvident. Accordingly, the appellant’s petition for discretionary review is dismissed.

III.

On direct appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed appellant’s sentence and ordered a new punishment hearing, finding the prosecutor altered a penitentiary packet offered to prove one of the enhancement allegations. [5] Bobo, 805 S.W.2d at 497-98. On rehearing, appellant contended the Court of Appeals failed to provide instruction as to whether the State would be allowed to introduce evidence of the prior conviction at the subsequent punishment hearing. The Court of Appeals held:

... At the new punishment hearing, the State shall not be allowed to reliti-gate the issue of appellant’s California conviction as we find that the evidence has been offered and is insufficient for enhancement purposes. See Ex Parte Augusta, 639 S.W.2d 481, 485 (Tex.Crim.App.1982). Regardless of which constitutional provision is applied, the State cannot have “two bites at the apple.”

Bobo, 805 S.W.2d at 498 (Opinion on Rehearing).

In Augusta we held the State, failing in its proof of the enhancement allegation, was precluded from relitigating the enhancement allegation on retrial. Augusta, 639 S.W.2d at 485. However, the instant case is distinguishable because the State offered sufficient evidence to establish the prior conviction. While the Court of Appeals correctly found the State’s evidence to prove the prior conviction was legally inadmissable, that does not effect the sufficiency of the evidence. When evaluating the sufficiency of the evidence the appellate court must look at all the evidence, whether properly or improperly[*576] admitted. See, Rodriguez v. State, 819 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tex.Cr.App.1991); Beltran v. State, 728 S.W.2d 382, 389 (Tex.Cr.App.1987). Therefore, the proper remedy was to reverse appellant’s sentence and remand for a new punishment hearing. See, Adams v. State, 639 S.W.2d 942, 943 (Tex.Cr.App.1982); and Tex.Code Crim. Proc.Ann. art. 44.29(b). Accordingly, we find the Court of Appeals erred in holding the evidence was insufficient to prove the prior conviction. [6]

The judgment of the Court of Appeals is affirmed in part and reversed in part. We reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals on rehearing concerning the nature of the remand to the trial court. The cause is remanded to the trial court pursuant to Tex.Code Crim.Proc.Ann. art. 44.29(b).

CLINTON and MALONEY, JJ., concur in the result. McCORMICK, P.J., not participating.
1

. Appellant’s ground for review is:

The Court of Appeals erred in rejecting the claim of "pretext arrest” and finding the arrest was justified because an offense had been committed in the officers’ presence.
2

. The State’s ground for review is:

The Court of Appeals erred when it concluded on the appellant’s motion for rehearing that the State shall not be permitted to enhance the appellant’s status to an [sic] habitual offender in any future prosecution of this cause.
3

. The record indicates that Bradney was utilizing a patrol vehicle owned by another officer which closely resembled the patrol cars used by the city of Houston except that the word "Houston” did not appear on the vehicle.

4

. In Heitman v. State, 815 S.W.2d 681, (Tex.Cr. App.1991), we held:

... [W]e now expressly conclude that this Court, when analyzing and interpreting Art. I, § 9, Tex. Const., will not be bound by Supreme Court decisions addressing the compa-
rabie Fourth Amendment issue, [footnote omitted] In reaching this conclusion, we recognize that state constitutions cannot subtract from the rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution, but they can provide additional rights to their citizens. The decisions of the Supreme Court represent the minimum protections which a state must afford its citizens. [emphasis in original].

Heitman, 815 S.W.2d at 690.

5

. We agree with the Court of Appeals that:

[t]he actions of the prosecutor in this case, Nancy Conlin, must be condemned. Upon discovering what she had done, the District Attorney of Harris County notified the court, terminated her employment, and referred the matter to a Harris County grand jury. By her acts, Nancy Conlin has set herself above the rules and has perpetrated a fraud upon the court and the jury.

Bobo, 805 S.W.2d at 497.

6

. We express no opinion as to any other bar appellant may argue on remand.