Bradshaw v. Hall, 450 U.S. 965 (1981). · Go Syfert
Bradshaw v. Hall, 450 U.S. 965 (1981). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
260 citation events (6 in the last 25 years) across 36 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Sherman v. Community Consolidated School District 21 (ilnd, 1989-05-12) · Strongest negative: Sylvia HAYES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SHELBY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Defendant-Appellant (ca11, 1984-03-16)
Treatment trajectory · 1981 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1981 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 46 distinct citers.
discussed Cited "but see" Sylvia HAYES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SHELBY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Defendant-Appellant (2×)
11th Cir. · 1984 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 371 (4th Cir. 1980) (en banc) (concurring opinion), cert, denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981).
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Sherman v. Community Consolidated School District 21 (2×)
N.D. Ill. · 1989 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
references to the deity in our ceremonies and our coinage and seals do not violate the establishment clause because they merely reflect this fact of our history and no longer have any potentially entangling theological significance.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Kent Thomas L'ALLier
7th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
improper joinder under rule 8 requires mandatory severance.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Manasota-88, Inc. v. Thomas
11th Cir. · 1986 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
an eis is not required, however, when the proposed federal action will effect no change in the status quo
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Manasota-88, Inc. v. Thomas
11th Cir. · 1986 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
an eis is not required, however, when the proposed federal action will effect no change in the status quo
discussed Cited "see" Fitzpatrick v. City of Atlanta (2×)
11th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 365-66 (4th Cir.1980) (plurality opinion), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981); see also Harriss v. Pan Am.
discussed Cited "see" Fitzpatrick v. City of Atlanta (2×)
11th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 365-66 (4th Cir.1980) (plurality opinion), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981); see also Harriss v. Pan Am.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Andrews
N.D. Ill. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1200 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" ca11 1989 (2×)
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hall v. Bradshaw, 630 F.2d 1018, 1021 (4th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Jager v. Douglas County School District (2×)
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hall v. Bradshaw, 630 F.2d 1018, 1021 (4th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. James Oliver Hocking
7th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1193 (7th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); Boulahanis, 677 F.2d at 589-90 .
discussed Cited "see" ca7 1988 (2×)
7th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Armored Transport, Inc., 629 F.2d 1313, 1316 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Macklin, 523 F.2d 193, 195 (2d Cir.1975); United States v. Fein, 504 F.2d 1170, 1173 (2d Cir.1974).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Taylor (2×)
7th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Armored Transport, Inc., 629 F.2d 1313, 1316 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Macklin, 523 F.2d 193, 195 (2d Cir.1975); United States v. Fein, 504 F.2d 1170, 1173 (2d Cir.1974).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Holcomb (2×)
W. Va. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Basso, 632 F.2d 1007 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981); United States v. Sutton, 607 F.2d 220 (8th Cir.1979); Collins v. Turner, 599 F.2d 657 (5th Cir.1979); Lambur v. Chew, 356 F.Supp. 751 (E.D.Va.1973); People v. Gladdis, 77 Mich.App. 91 , 257 N.W.2d 749 *459 (1977); Pearson v. State, 308 Minn. 287 , 241 N.W.2d 490 (1976); Ewing v. Wyrick, 535 S.W.2d 442 (Mo.1976); State v. Ellefson, 334 N.W.2d 56 (S.D.1983).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Anthony J. Peters, Lawrence Peters, and Jacek Odoner (2×)
7th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1200 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Shue, 766 F.2d 1122, 1135 (7th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Fitapelli
unknown court · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See, United States v. Armored Transport Inc., 629 F.2d 1313, 1318-19 (9th Cir.1980) cert. denied 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981) (upholding conviction by construing defective indictment as an information).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Fitapelli
unknown court · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See, United States v. Armored Transport Inc., 629 F.2d 1313, 1318-19 (9th Cir.1980) cert. denied 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981) (upholding conviction by construing defective indictment as an information).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Ira Paul Citron
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1196 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Fischbach And Moore, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Armored Transport, 629 F.2d 1313, 1317 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Campanale, 518 F.2d 352 , 359-60 n. 17 (9th Cir.1975) ("grand jury convened and sitting in the Central District of California"), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1050 , 96 S.Ct. 777 , 46 L.Ed.2d 638 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Fischbach & Moore, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Armored Transport, 629 F.2d 1313, 1317 (9th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Campanale, 518 F.2d 352 , 359-60 n. 17 (9th Cir.1975) (“grand jury convened and sitting in the Central District of California”), ce rt. denied, 423 U.S. 1050 , 96 S.Ct. 777 , 46 L.Ed.2d 638 (1976).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Moreno L. Keplinger, Paul L. Wright, and James B. Plank
7th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1197-98 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Marrapese
D.R.I. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Armored Transport, Inc., 629 F.2d 1313, 1316-17 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Bell v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1198 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Medical Therapy Sciences, Inc., 583 F.2d 36, 39-40 (2d Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1130 , 99 S.Ct. 1049 , 59 L.Ed.2d 91 (1979); Sneed v. State, 397 So.2d 931, 933 (Fla. 5 D.C.A. 1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Norman Z. Flick and Lowell G. Maynard, United States of America v. Norman Z. Flick and Lowell G. Maynard
7th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 680 F.2d 1184, 1200 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Vincent Albano (2×)
2d Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Basso, 632 F.2d 1007 , 1012 n. 5 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981); Nicholas v. United States, 527 F.2d 1160 (9th Cir.1976); United States v. Swanson, 454 F.2d 1263, 1265 (7th Cir.1972); United States v. Fontana, 510 F.Supp. 158, 160 (W.D.Pa.), aff’d, 673 F.2d 1303 (1981); United States v. Miller, 454 F.Supp. 440, 422 (N.D.Ill.1978).
examined Cited "see" ca4 1982 (6×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
4th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
Accordingly, the general view when these defenses have been raised by employers has been that they must be rejected because "it is the purpose of Title VII to allow the individual woman to make [the] choice for herself." Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. at 335 , 97 S.Ct. at 2729 (b.f.o.q. defense); see Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 371 (4th Cir.1980) (en banc) (business necessity defense), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981). 61 The same overriding consideration does not, of course, apply to the safety of others than the women workers themselve…
examined Cited "see" Wright v. Olin Corp. (6×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
4th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
Accordingly, the general view when these defenses have been raised by employers has been that they must be rejected because “it is the purpose of Title VII to allow the individual woman to make [the] choice for herself.” Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. at 335 , 97 S.Ct. at 2729 (b.f.o.q. defense); see Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 371 (4th Cir.1980) (en banc) (business necessity defense), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" ca9 1982 (2×)
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 371 (4th Cir.1980) (en banc), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981); In re Consolidated Pretrial Proceedings, 582 F.2d 1142 , 1145 (7th Cir.1978), cert. granted sub nom., TWA v. Zipes, 450 U.S. 979 , 101 S.Ct. 1511 , 67 L.Ed.2d 813 (1981) ("no motherhood" policy for female flight attendants constitutes sex discrimination); Sprogis v. United Airlines, Inc., 444 F.2d 1194, 1198 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 991 , 92 S.Ct. 536 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971) (prohibiting women flight attendants from marryin…
discussed Cited "see" Gerdom v. Continental Airlines, Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 371 (4th Cir.1980) (en banc), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981); In re Consolidated Pretrial Proceedings, 582 F.2d 1142 , 1145 (7th Cir.1978), cert. granted sub nom., TWA v. Zipes, 450 U.S. 979 , 101 S.Ct. 1511 , 67 L.Ed.2d 813 (1981) (“no motherhood” policy for female flight attendants constitutes sex discrimination); Sprogis v. United Airlines, Inc., 444 F.2d 1194, 1198 (7th' CHr.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 991 , 92 S.Ct. 536 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971) (prohibiting women flight attendants from ma…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Joseph M. Margiotta (2×)
2d Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184 , 1194 n.4 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Bauer Welding and Metal Fabricators, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board (2×)
8th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See South Shore Hospital v. NLRB, 630 F.2d 40, 44 (1st Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); Neon Sign Corp. v. NLRB, 602 F.2d 1203, 1204-05 (5th Cir. 1979); NLRB v. Amoco Chemicals Corp., 529 F.2d 427, 432-33 (5th Cir. 1976); NLRB v. Dent, 534 F.2d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Osborne
W.D. Va. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Warner, 441 F.2d 821 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 829 , 92 S.Ct. 65 , 30 L.Ed.2d 58 (1971); United States v. Varelli, 407 F.2d 735 (7th Cir. 1969).
discussed Cited "see" Donnelly v. Lynch (2×)
D.R.I. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hall v. Bradshaw, 630 F.2d 1018 (4th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981) (prayer, scenic photos, and message from governor on reverse side of official highway map).
cited Cited "see" Barbara S. Clanton v. Orleans Parish School Board
5th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 633 F.2d 361, 372-73 (4th Cir. 1980) (en banc), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981). 18 .
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Michael Thompson
7th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1196 (7th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981). 7 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Wilderness Society v. Babbitt
9th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
If it had, it would have needed to explain our decisions in which we have held that the government need not prepare an EIS for ongoing programs unless they “rise to the level of major federal actions .... ” Upper Snake River Chapter of Trout Unlimited v. Hodel, 921 F.2d 232 , 236 n. 3 (9th Cir.1990) (periodic adjustments of water flow are part of ongoing operation of dam); see also Burbank Anti-Noise Group v. Goldschmidt, 623 F.2d 115, 116 (9th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981) (holding that an EIS is not required when “the proposed federal a…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." The Wilderness Society v. Babbitt
9th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
If it had, it would have needed to explain our decisions in which we have held that the government need not prepare an EIS for ongoing programs unless they "rise to the level of major federal actions...." Upper Snake River Chapter of Trout Unlimited v. Hodel, 921 F.2d 232 , 235 n. 3 (9th Cir.1990) (periodic adjustments of water flow are part of ongoing operation of dam); see also Burbank Anti-Noise Group v. Goldschmidt, 623 F.2d 115, 116 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981) (holding that an EIS is not required when "the proposed federal action wil…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Sims
N.D. Ill. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1200 (7th Cir.1980) (rejecting defendant's claim that since he was charged in only two of the nineteen counts in the indictment, he was prejudiced by the disparity of the evidence against him and the evidence against his co-defendants), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Environmental Rights Coalition, Inc. v. Austin
S.D. Ind. · 1991 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Burbank Anti-Noise Group v. Goldschmidt, 623 F.2d 115, 116 (9th Cir.1980) (“the actions here can be undone"), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); Silva, 473 F.2d at 290 (”[t]he nexus here ... is so extensive”). 18 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Tomas Perez and Raul Ramirez
7th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1201 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Gonzales, 765 F.2d 1393, 1396 (9th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1068 , 106 S.Ct. 826 , 88 L.Ed.2d 798 *1275 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." ca3 1986
3rd Cir. · 1986 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1194 (7th Cir.1980) (extortion found although victim "happy" to make payments and relations between victim and extorters was "cordial"), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Sander, 615 F.2d 215 (5th Cir.) (Hobbs Act covers fear of economic loss and "subtle extortions"; government need not show that fear was direct consequence of threat or that victim personally feared extorter), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 835 , 101 S.Ct. 108 , 66 L.Ed.2d 41 (1980). 67 Here, of course, the extortion of rights which …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Local 560 of International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen, & Helpers of America
3rd Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1194 (7th Cir.1980) (extortion found although victim “happy” to make payments and relations between victim and extorters was “cordial”), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Sander, 615 F.2d 215 (5th Cir.) (Hobbs Act covers fear of economic loss and “subtle extortions”; government need not show that fear was direct consequence of threat or that victim personally feared extorter), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 835 , 101 S.Ct. 108 , 66 L.Ed.2d 41 (1980).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Henry Paul Bryant, A/K/A Paul Bryant and Melissa J. Dalton
8th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
As the Third Circuit has stated: A violation of the statute [ 18 U.S.C. § 1951 (b)(2) ] may be made out by showing that a public official through the wrongful use of office obtains property not due him or his office, even though his acts are not accompanied by the use of “force, violence or fear.” United States v. Jannotti, 673 F.2d 578, 594 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1106 , 102 S.Ct. 2906 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1315 (1982), quoting United States v. Mazzei, 521 F.2d 639, 645 (3d Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1014 , 96 S.Ct. 446 , 46 L.Ed.2d 385 (1975); see also United States v. Hed…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Charles Shue
7th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See United States v. Rodgers, 732 F.2d 625, 628 (8th Cir.1984); United States v. Werner, 620 F.2d 922, 926 (2d Cir.1980); see also United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184, 1200 (7th Cir.1980) (“Improper joinder under Rule 8 requires mandatory severance.”), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Hyman Schmidt, Marvin Gene Grulke, Chester Folak
7th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Hedman, 630 F.2d 1184 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1481 , 67 L.Ed.2d 614 (1981); United States v. Price, 617 F.2d 455, 457 (7th Cir.1979); United States v. Braasch, 505 F.2d 139, 151 (7th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 421 U.S. 910 , 95 S.Ct. 1561 , 43 L.Ed.2d 775 (1975).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Rita ZUNIGA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KLEBERG COUNTY HOSPITAL, KINGSVILLE, TEXAS, Defendant-Appellee (2×)
5th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Burwell v. Eastern Air Lines, 633 F.2d 361, 369 (4th Cir.1980) (per curiam), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 965 , 101 S.Ct. 1480 , 67 L.Ed.2d 613 (1981). 8 .
Bradshaw, Secretary, North Carolina Department of Transportation
v.
Hall
No. 80-746.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 2, 1981.
450 U.S. 965

C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.