Cal. Codes » Government Code / TITLE 2. GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA / DIVISION 3. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT / PART 2. CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS / CHAPTER 1. Governor / ARTICLE 2. Powers and Duties
California Codes

Cal. Government Code § 12012.25 (2026)

Powers and Duties — Governor

✓ current as of May 2026
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(a)The following tribal-state gaming compacts entered into in accordance with the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (18 U.S.C. Sec. 1166 to 1168, incl., and 25 U.S.C. Sec. 2701 et seq.) are hereby ratified:

(1)The compact between the State of California and the Alturas Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(2)The compact between the State of California and the Barona Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(3)The compact between the State of California and the Big Sandy Rancheria Band of Mono Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(4)The compact between the State of California and the Big Valley Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(5)The compact between the State of California and the Bishop Paiute Tribe, executed on September 10, 1999.

(6)The compact between the State of California and the Blue Lake Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(7)The compact between the State of California and the Buena Vista Band of Me-wuk Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(8)The compact between the State of California and the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(9)The compact between the State of California and the Cahto Tribe of Laytonville, executed on September 10, 1999.

(10)The compact between the State of California and the Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(11)The compact between the State of California and the Campo Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(12)The compact between the State of California and the Chemehuevi Indian Tribe, executed on September 10, 1999.

(13)The compact between the State of California and the Chicken Ranch Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(14)The compact between the State of California and the Coast Indian Community of the Resighini Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(15)The compact between the State of California and the Colusa Indian Community, executed on September 10, 1999.

(16)The compact between the State of California and the Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(17)The compact between the State of California and the Elk Valley Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(18)The compact between the State of California and the Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay, executed on September 10, 1999.

(19)The compact between the State of California and the Hoopa Valley Tribe, executed on September 10, 1999.

(20)The compact between the State of California and the Hopland Band of Pomo Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(21)The compact between the State of California and the Jackson Band of Mi-Wuk Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(22)The compact between the State of California and the Jamul Indian Reservation, executed on September 10, 1999.

(23)The compact between the State of California and the La Jolla Indian Reservation, executed on September 10, 1999.

(24)The compact between the State of California and the Manzanita Tribe of Kumeyaay Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(25)The compact between the State of California and the Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(26)The compact between the State of California and the Middletown Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(27)The compact between the State of California and the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(28)The compact between the State of California and the Mooretown Rancheria Concow Maidu Tribe, executed on September 10, 1999.

(29)The compact between the State of California and the Pala Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(30)The compact between the State of California and the Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(31)The compact between the State of California and the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(32)The compact between the State of California and the Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(33)The compact between the State of California and the Quechan Nation, executed on September 10, 1999.

(34)The compact between the State of California and the Redding Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(35)The compact between the State of California and the Rincon, San Luiseno Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(36)The compact between the State of California and the Rumsey Band of Wintun Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(37)The compact between the State of California and the Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(38)The compact between the State of California and the Rohnerville Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(39)The compact between the State of California and the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(40)The compact between the State of California and the San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(41)The compact between the State of California and the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Tribe, executed on September 10, 1999.

(42)The compact between the State of California and the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(43)The compact between the State of California and the Sherwood Valley Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(44)The compact between the State of California and the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(45)The compact between the State of California and the Smith River Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(46)The compact between the State of California and the Soboba Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(47)The compact between the State of California and the Susanville Indian Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(48)The compact between the State of California and the Sycuan Band of Kumeyaay Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(49)The compact between the State of California and the Table Mountain Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(50)The compact between the State of California and the Trinidad Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(51)The compact between the State of California and the Tule River Indian Tribe, executed on September 10, 1999.

(52)The compact between the State of California and the Tuolumne Band of Me-wuk Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(53)The compact between the State of California and the Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(54)The compact between the State of California and the Tyme Maidu Tribe, Berry Creek Rancheria, executed on September 10, 1999.

(55)The compact between the State of California and the United Auburn Indian Community, executed on September 10, 1999.

(56)The compact between the State of California and the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(57)The compact between the State of California and the Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians, executed on September 10, 1999.

(b)Any other tribal-state gaming compact entered into between the State of California and a federally recognized Indian tribe which is executed after September 10, 1999, is hereby ratified if both of the following are true:

(1)The compact is identical in all material respects to any of the compacts expressly ratified pursuant to subdivision (a). A compact shall be deemed to be materially identified to a compact ratified pursuant to subdivision (a) if the Governor certifies it is materially identical at the time the Governor submits it to the Legislature.

(2)The compact is not rejected by each house of the Legislature, two-thirds of the membership thereof concurring, within 30 days of the date of the submission of the compact to the Legislature by the Governor. However, if the 30-day period ends during a joint recess of the Legislature, the period shall be extended until the fifteenth day following the day on which the Legislature reconvenes.

(c)The Legislature acknowledges the right of federally recognized Indian tribes to exercise their sovereignty to negotiate and enter into tribal-state gaming compacts that are materially different from the compacts ratified pursuant to subdivision (a). These compacts shall be ratified by a statute approved by each house of the Legislature, a majority of the members thereof concurring, and signed by the Governor, unless the statute contains implementing or other provisions requiring a supermajority vote, in which case the statute shall be approved in the manner required by the Constitution.

(d)The Governor is the designated state officer responsible for negotiating and executing, on behalf of the state, tribal-state gaming compacts with federally recognized Indian tribes located within the State of California pursuant to the federal Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (18 U.S.C. Sec. 1166 to 1168, incl., and 25 U.S.C. Sec. 2701 et seq.) for the purpose of authorizing class III gaming, as defined in that act, on Indian lands within this state. Nothing in this section shall be construed to deny the existence of the Governor’s authority to have negotiated and executed tribal-state gaming compacts prior to the effective date of this section.

(e)Following completion of negotiations conducted pursuant to subdivision (b) or (c), the Governor shall submit a copy of an executed tribal-state compact to both houses of the Legislature for ratification, and shall submit a copy of the executed compact to the Secretary of State for purposes of subdivision (f).

(f)Upon receipt of a statute ratifying a tribal-state compact negotiated and executed pursuant to subdivision (c), or upon the expiration of the review period described in subdivision (b), the Secretary of State shall forward a copy of the executed compact and the ratifying statute, if applicable, to the Secretary of the Interior for the Secretary’s review and approval, in accordance with paragraph (8) of subsection (d) of Section 2710 of Title 25 of the United States Code.

(g)In deference to tribal sovereignty, neither the execution of a tribal-state gaming compact nor the on-reservation impacts of compliance with the terms of a tribal-state gaming compact shall be deemed to constitute a project for purposes of the California Environmental Quality Act (Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code).

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 15 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 2007–2025 · leading case: Stand up for California v. State of Cal., 6 Cal. App. 5th 686 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016).
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Stand up for California v. State of Cal., 6 Cal. App. 5th 686 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 5× “Concurrently with this process, the Governor pursued a tribal-state compact under Government Code section 12012.25 and article IV, section 19, subdivision (f), of the California Constitution.”
Estom Yumeka Maidu Tribe of the Enter. Rancheria v. California, 163 F. Supp. 3d 769 (E.D. Cal. 2016). · cites it 3× “3 This procedure is also codified in Cal. Gov. Code § 12012.25 (c) and (d), which provides that compacts “shall be ratified by a statute approved by each house of the Legislature,” while “the Governor is the designated state officer responsible for negotiating and executing, on…”
California Com. Casino, Inc. v. Schwarzenegger, 53 Cal. Rptr. 3d 626 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007). “The 1999 compacts were conditioned upon the passage of Proposition 1A, which would resolve the Supreme Court’s concerns about Proposition 5 by amending the state Constitution to permit tribes to operate slot machines and banking and percentage card games pursuant to state-tribal…”
Hollywood Park Land Co., LLC v. Golden State Transp. Fin. Corp., 178 Cal. App. 4th 924 (Cal. Ct. App. 2009). · cites it 2× “(Gov. Code, § 12012.25.) In March 2000, the voters approved Proposition 1A, which in effect ratified the compacts by amending the California Constitution to permit the operation of slot machines and certain card games pursuant to state-tribal compacts.”
Cnty. of Amador v. City of Plymouth, 57 Cal. Rptr. 3d 704 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007). “35), 12 all of the compacts ratified by the Legislature provide either: (1) that the execution of or “on-reservation” impacts of compliance with the terms of a compact do not constitute a project (Gov. Code, § 12012.25, subd. (g)); (2) that the execution of or compliance with…”
Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians v. Brown, 229 Cal. App. 4th 1416 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014). “” Government Code section 12012.25 is one of a number of statutes by which the Legislature has ratified either tribal-state compacts the Governor *1427 has entered into with various Indian tribes or amendments to those compacts.”
San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians v. State of California CA2/8, 241 Cal. App. 4th 746 (Cal. Ct. App. 2015). “(Gov. Code, § 12012.25, subd. (a)(40).) The Compact became effective in May 2000, when the Secretary of the Interior published approval of the executed Compact in the Federal Register in accordance with the Act.”
Jamulians Against the Casino v. Dept. of Transp. CA3 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 2× “” (Gov. Code, § 12012.25, subd. (g).) Real party nonetheless agreed as part of its compact to engage in the equivalent of state and federal environmental review, in the course of which it noted possible safety impacts from construction traffic on the state highway to which its…”
Stand Up for California! v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior (D.D.C. 2016). “14 In holding “that California’s referendum process does not conflict either with Cal. Gov. Code § 12012.25 (f) or with IGRA’s timing requirements,” the court explained that California’s “Secretary of State is not in receipt of a statute ratifying a compact .”
Stand Up for California! v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior (D.D.C. 2016). “14 In holding “that California’s referendum process does not conflict either with Cal. Gov. Code § 12012.25 (f) or with IGRA’s timing requirements,” the court explained that California’s “Secretary of State is not in receipt of a statute ratifying a compact .”
Stand Up for California! v. State of Cal. (Cal. Ct. App. 2021). “1 While the Governor was evaluating whether to concur in the Interior Secretary’s two-part determination, he and North Fork negotiated a tribal-state compact under Government Code section 12012.25 and article IV, section 19, subdivision (f), of the California Constitution.”
Alturas Indian Rancheria v. Newsom (E.D. Cal. 2022). “§§ 1166-1167 , and one 2 claim that State Defendants violated California Government Code section 12012.”
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