Tinch v. State, 946 P.2d 1061 (Nev. 1997). · Go Syfert
Tinch v. State, 946 P.2d 1061 (Nev. 1997). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
241 citation events (191 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Shaunna L. Dodd v. Jerry Howell, et al. (nvd, 2025-12-18)
Treatment trajectory · 1998 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1998 2012 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Shaunna L. Dodd v. Jerry Howell, et al.
D. Nev. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
(1) the 15 incident is relevant to the crime charged
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Chadwick v. State (7×) also: Cited as authority (rule), Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
Nev. · 2024 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
it is not this court's prerogative to determine the credibility of witnesses below.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Chadwick v. State (7×) also: Cited as authority (rule), Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
Nev. · 2024 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
it is not this court's prerogative to determine the credibility of witnesses below.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jardine v. Williams
D. Nev. · 2025 · confidence medium
Nevertheless, 7 we conclude that the errors were harmless because the TPO evidence was admissible under Tinch and failure to instruct in this case did not substantially 8 affect the verdict given the overwhelming evidence of guilt. __________________________ 9 9 Braunstein v. State, 40 P.3d 413, 416 (Nev. 2002). 10 10 Tinch v. State, 946 P.2d 1061, 1065 (Nev. 1997); 11 Petrocelli v. State, 692 P.2d 503 (Nev. 1985). 12 11 Rhvmes v. State, 107 P.3d 1278 (Nev. 2005) (quoting Qualls v. State, 961 P.2d 765, 767 (Nev. 1998)). 13 12 Tavares v. State, 80 P.3d 1128 , 1132 (Nev. 2001). 14 13 Id. 15 14 I…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Azcarate v. Williams
D. Nev. · 2024 · confidence medium
Under Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46 , 692 P.2d 503 (1985), in order to 6 admit evidence of prior bad acts, the district court must conduct a hearing outside the presence of the jury and determine “that: (1) the incident is relevant to the crime 7 charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of 8 unfair prejudice.” Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997) (citing Walker v. State, 112 Nev. 819, 824 , 921 P.2d 923, 926 (1996)). 9 Failure to conduct a Petr…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Dickey v. State (10×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Nev. · 2024 · confidence medium
See Petrocelli, 101 Nev. at 51, 692 P.2d at 507; Tinch, 113 Nev. at 1176, 946 P.2d at 1064-65.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Young v. State (3×)
Nev. · 2023 · confidence medium
Cf. McNelton v. State, 115 Nev. 396, 405 , 990 P.2d 1263, 1269 (1999) (holding that a district court's failure to conduct a hearing regarding the admissibility of prior bad acts does not require reversal of an appellant's convictions if "(1) the record is sufficient to determine that the evidence is admissible under Tinch; or (2) the result would have been the same if the trial court had not admitted the evidence"); Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997) ("To be deemed an admissible bad act, the trial court must determine, outside the presence of the jury, that: (1…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Macias v. Baker
D. Nev. · 2022 · confidence medium
Before 4 admitting prior bad acts evidence, the district court must conduct a hearing outside the presence of the jury and determine whether “‘(1) the incident is relevant to the 5 crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the [other act] is not substantially outweighed by the danger of 6 unfair prejudice.’” Rhymes v. State, 121 Nev. 17, 21 , 107 P.3d 1278, 1281 (2005) (quoting Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997)). 7 Failure to conduct this hearing is “reversible error unless ‘(1) the record…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Antonetti v. Filson
D. Nev. · 2021 · confidence medium
Therefore, the State bears the burden of establishing the evidence’s admissibility at a hearing outside the presence of the jury by 20 demonstrating: “(1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of 21 the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair 22 prejudice.” Id. at ___, 107 P.3d at 1281 (quoting Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997)). “[T]he decision to admit or 23 exclude such evidence is within the discretion of the trial court and will no…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Zecena-Valdez (Selvin) Vs. State
Nev. · 2020 · confidence medium
We review for plain error because Zecena-Valdez argued below that the test from Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997) (providing that to be admissible, bad act evidence must be relevant for a nonpropensity purpose, proven by clear and convincing evidence, and not unduly prejudicial when weighed against its probative value) applied, but argues on appeal that the federal test should apply, see United States v. 'Pursuant to NRAP 34(f)(1), we have determined that oral argument is not warranted in this appeal.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) FLOWERS (NORMAN) VS. STATE C/W 55759 (2×)
Nev. · 2020 · confidence medium
Before admitting other-bad-act evidence, the district court must determine, outside the presence of the jury, that (1) the other bad act is releVant to the crime charged, (2) the State can prove the other bad act by clear and convincing SUPREME COURT OF NEVADA (0) I947A me*. evidence, and (3) the nonpropensity probative value of the other-bad-act evidence "is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice." Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170 , 1176 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), modified by Bigpond, 128 Nev. 108 , 270 P.3d 1244 ; see Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46 , 692 P.2d 503 (…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) FLOWERS (NORMAN) VS. STATE C/W 55759 (2×)
Nev. · 2020 · confidence medium
Before admitting other-bad-act evidence, the district court must determine, outside the presence of the jury, that (1) the other bad act is releVant to the crime charged, (2) the State can prove the other bad act by clear and convincing SUPREME COURT OF NEVADA (0) I947A me*. evidence, and (3) the nonpropensity probative value of the other-bad-act evidence "is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice." Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170 , 1176 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), modified by Bigpond, 128 Nev. 108 , 270 P.3d 1244 ; see Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46 , 692 P.2d 503 (…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Combs v. State of Nevada
D. Nev. · 2019 · confidence medium
Here, the district court conducted a hearing pursuant to Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46, 51-52 , 692 3 P.2d 503 , 507-08 (1985), modified on other grounds by Sonner v. State, 112 Nev. 1328, 1334 , 930 P.2d 707, 711-12 (1996), found that the factors for determining 4 admissibility of bad acts evidence were met, see Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), and ruled that the bad acts evidence was 5 admissible to show knowledge, see NRS 48.045(2).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chung (Binh) v. State
Nev. · 2019 · confidence medium
This court requires the trial court to determine that: "(1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence, and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice." Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Bolanos, Jr. (Arturo) v. State
Nev. · 2015 · confidence medium
Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), holding modified by Bigpond v. State, 128 Nev., Adv.
examined Cited as authority (rule) RIMER (STANLEY) VS. STATE (4×) also: Cited "see"
Nev. · 2015 · confidence medium
We also stated that evidence of a crime may be admissible in a trial for another crime if it is admissible under NRS 48.045(2) and satisfies the requirements in Tinch by being "relevant, .. . proven by clear and convincing evidence, and [having] probative value that is not substantially outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice." Id. (citing Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) RIMER (STANLEY) VS. STATE (14×) also: Cited "see"
Nev. · 2015 · confidence medium
We also stated that evidence of a crime may be admissible in a trial for another crime if it is admissible under NRS 48.045(2) and satisfies the requirements in Tinch by being "relevant, .. . proven by clear and convincing evidence, and [having] probative value that is not substantially outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice." Id. (citing Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176, 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hull (Eric) v. State
Nev. · 2014 · confidence medium
Here, the district court heard arguments from counsel and, citing to Brackeen v. State, 104 Nev. 547, 553 , 763 P.2d 59, 63 (1988), denied Hull's motion for a mistrial after determining that "Mlle Officer's statement about why his attention was drawn to the vehicle is just part of. . . his narration of why he stopped, why he looked in that direction." The district court also noted the following: the matter of the vacant house "was not dwelled upon," an inference could also be made that the house was not vacant based on other testimony from the same officer, and "the evidence was more probative…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brooks (Alonzo) v. State
Nev. · 2013 · confidence medium
See Rhymes v. State, 121 SUPREME COURT OF NEVADA 2 (0) 1947A Nev. 17, 22, 107 P.3d 1278, 1281 (2005) (providing that failure to hold Petrocelli hearing is harmless where record sufficient to determine the admissibility of the uncharged acts); Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997) (providing that evidence of uncharged acts are admissible if relevant, proven by clear and convincing evidence, and probative value not outweighed by prejudicial effect), as modified by Bigpond v. State, 128 Nev. „ 270 P.3d 1244, 1249-50 (2012); see also Bellon v. State, 121 Nev. 436, 4…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Barbieri (Matthew) v. State
Nev. · 2013 · confidence medium
Second, even assuming a Petrocelli hearing should have been conducted, the error is not reversible when the record sufficiently establishes that the evidence was admissible under Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997) (setting forth test for admissibility of prior bad act evidence—"(1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice"), as amended by Bigpond v. State, 128 Nev. _7 -7 270 P.3d 1244, 1249…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Marquez (Johnny) v. State
Nev. · 2013 · confidence medium
Even if the district court does not conduct a Petrocelli hearing to review bad act evidence outside the presence of the jury, reversal is not mandated where: "(1) the record is sufficient for this court to determine that the evidence is admissible under the test for admissibility" established by Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997); or (2) "the result would have been the same if the trial court had not admitted the evidence." Rhymes v. State, 121 Nev. 17, 22 , 107 P.3d 1278, 1281 (2005) (internal quotations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bigpond v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2012 · confidence medium
Consistent with this view of NRS 48.045(2), we clarify the first factor of the test set forth in Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), for determining the admissibility of prior bad act evidence to reflect the narrow limits of the general rule of exclusion and that the prosecution must demonstrate that the evidence is relevant for a nonpropensity purpose.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Fields v. State (4×)
Nev. · 2009 · confidence medium
“To be deemed an admissible bad act, the trial court must determine, outside the presence of the jury, that: (1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chavez v. State
Nev. · 2009 · confidence medium
For evidence of prior bad acts to be admissible, the district court must hold a hearing outside the presence of the jury and determine “ ‘that: (1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.’ ” Diomampo v. State, 124 Nev. 414, 430 , 185 P.3d 1031, 1041 (2008) (quoting Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Diomampo v. State
Nev. · 2008 · confidence medium
We also conclude that Delee’s voir dire does not appear to prove that the State’s race-neutral justification as to Elliott was pretextual. 26 Ford, 122 Nev. at 403 , 132 P.3d at 577-78 . 27 Gaxiola v. State, 121 Nev. 638, 655 , 119 P.3d 1225, 1237 (2005). 28 Id. at 655 , 119 P.3d at 1237 (quoting McGee v. State, 102 Nev. 458, 461 , 725 P.2d 1215, 1217 (1986)). 29 Shepp v. State, 87 Nev. 179, 181 , 484 P.2d 563, 564 (1971), overruled on other grounds by Stowe v. State, 109 Nev. 743, 746 , 857 P.2d 15, 17 (1993). 30 Schoels v. State, 115 Nev. 33, 35 , 975 P.2d 1275, 1276 (1999) (quoting Homi…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ledbetter v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2006 · confidence medium
Walker v. State, 116 Nev. 442 , 445, 997 P.2d 803, 806 (2000). 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Phillips v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2005 · confidence medium
We have considered this issue and find it to be without merit. [5] Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298, 311-12 , 77 S.Ct. 1064 , 1 L.Ed.2d 1356 (1957), overruled on other grounds by Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1 , 98 S.Ct. 2141 , 57 L.Ed.2d 1 (1978); Stromberg v. California, 283 U.S. 359, 368 , 51 S.Ct. 532 , 75 L.Ed. 1117 (1931); see also U.S. v. Garcia, 992 F.2d 409, 415-16 (2d Cir.1993). [6] Griffin v. United States, 502 U.S. 46, 56-57 , 112 S.Ct. 466 , 116 L.Ed.2d 371 (1991); Turner v. United States, 396 U.S. 398, 420 , 90 S.Ct. 642 , 24 L.Ed.2d 610 (1970) ("[W]hen a jury returns a g…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Weber v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2005 · confidence medium
See Richmond v. State, 118 Nev. 924, 933-34 , 59 P.3d 1249, 1255 (2002). [7] E.g., Honeycutt v. State, 118 Nev. 660, 668 , 56 P.3d 362, 367 (2002); Floyd, 118 Nev. at 163-64 , 42 P.3d at 254-55 . [8] Butler v. State, 120 Nev. ___ , ___, 102 P.3d 71, 78 (2004); Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997). [9] Tabish, 119 Nev. at 307 , 72 P.3d at 593 . [10] See Floyd, 118 Nev. at 164 , 42 P.3d at 255 ; see also NRS 174.165(1). [11] Floyd, 118 Nev. at 164 , 42 P.3d at 255 (quoting United States v. Wilson, 715 F.2d 1164, 1171 (7th Cir.1983)). [12] Id. [13] See Collman v. St…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rhymes v. State
Nev. · 2005 · confidence medium
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of conviction. 1 117 Nev. 725 , 30 P.3d 1128 (2001). 2 101 Nev. 46 , 692 P.2d 503 (1985). 3 Richmond v. State, 118 Nev. 924, 932 , 59 P.3d 1249, 1255 (2002) (quoting Tavares v. State, 117 Nev. 725, 730 , 30 P.3d 1128, 1131 (2001)). 4 Tavares, 117 Nev. at 731 , 30 P.3d at 1131 . 5 Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997). 6 Braunstein v. State, 118 Nev. 68, 72 , 40 P.3d 413, 416 (2002). 7 Qualls v. State, 114 Nev. 900, 903-04 , 961 P.2d 765, 767 (1998). 8 Tavares, 117 Nev. at 733 , 30 P.3d at 1133 . 9 Id. (quoting 21 Charles Alan Wr…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Butler v. State (6×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Nev. · 2004 · confidence medium
It was believed, however, that Ross Hack had fled to the Czech Republic. [4] State v. Butler, Docket No. 37591 (Order Affirming in Part, Reversing in Part and Remanding, May 14, 2002). [5] See Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46, 52 , 692 P.2d 503, 508 (1985), modified on other grounds by Sonner v. State, 112 Nev. 1328, 1334 , 930 P.2d 707, 711-12 (1996). [6] See Qualls v. State, 114 Nev. 900, 902 , 961 P.2d 765, 766 (1998); Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997). [7] See, e.g., Lara v. State, 120 Nev. 177, 180 , 87 P.3d 528, 530 (2004); Lay v. State, 110 Nev. 1189, 1…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Tabish v. State (4×)
Nev. · 2003 · confidence medium
It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident." [31] Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997). [32] Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46 , 692 P.2d 503 (1985). [33] It is within the district court's discretion to admit or exclude evidence, and that determination will not be disturbed unless manifestly wrong.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Braunstein v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2002 · confidence medium
It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident. [5] Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997). [6] Roever v. State, 114 Nev. 867, 872 , 963 P.2d 503, 506 (1998) (in a case involving a woman's murder of her husband, testimony recounting the defendant's prior violent behavior toward others and stories of extraordinary past murders was "so inflammatory, speculative, and utterly fantastic as to bear practically no probative value"); Beck v. State, 10…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Tavares v. State
Nev. · 2001 · confidence medium
But Meek implicitly recognized that the introduction of uncharged bad acts sometimes poses such a significant danger of unfair prejudice that the district court should give a limiting instruction sua sponte. 6 Walker v. State, 116 Nev. 442 , 445, 997 P.2d 805 , 806 (2000) (citing Berner v. State, 104 Nev. 695, 696-97 , 765 P.2d 1144, 1145-46 (1988)). 7 Id. 8 See Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46, 51-52 , 692 P.2d 503 , 507-08 (1985) (holding that a trial court deciding whether to admit such acts must conduct a hearing on the matter outside the presence of the jury); Armstrong v. State, 110 Nev.…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Evans v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2001 · confidence medium
Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Taylor v. Thunder Ex Rel. Thunder
Nev. · 2000 · confidence medium
In the context of a criminal case, we have held that, prior to the admission of evidence of other wrongs, the district court must conduct a hearing on the record outside the presence of the jury and determine: “(1) that the evidence is relevant to the crime charged; (2) that the other act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) that the probative value of the other act is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Qualls v. State, 114 Nev. 900, 902 , 961 P.2d 765, 766 (1998) (citing Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997); Armst…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Collman v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2000 · confidence medium
In order to determine admissibility of those acts, the district court must determine that "(1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice." *436 Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walker v. State
Nev. · 2000 · confidence medium
At the hearing, the court must determine whether “(1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
examined Cited as authority (rule) King v. State (3×) also: Cited "see"
Nev. · 2000 · confidence medium
Failure to conduct a Petrocelli hearing on the record is grounds for reversal on appeal unless either the record is sufficient for this court to determine that the evidence is admissible under the test for admissibility of bad act evidence as set forth in Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), 2 or where the result would have been the same had the district court not admitted the evidence.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McNelton v. State
Nev. · 1999 · confidence medium
Prior to admitting evidence of a prior bad act pursuant to NRS 48.045(2), the district court is required to conduct a hearing on the record outside the presence of the jury and determine that: (1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. 1 Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997); Petrocelli, 101 Nev. at 51-52 , 692 P.2d at 507-08 ; see NRS 48.035(1).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Middleton v. State
Nev. · 1998 · confidence medium
Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Utz v. Commonwealth
Va. Ct. App. · 1998 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Siler v. State, 705 So.2d 552, 556-59 (Ala.Crim.App.1997) (admission of past gang-related activity and rivalry was directly relevant to show motive and state of mind; due to its direct relevance, it was not overly prejudicial); State v. Romero, 178 Ariz. 45 , 870 P.2d 1141, 1147-48 (Ariz.Ct.App.1993) (evidence of defendant’s gang affiliation established a link between the crime and gang rivalry and was relevant to establish motive; trial court properly balanced probative value with prejudice); People v. Williams, 16 Cal.4th 153 , 66 Cal.Rptr.2d 123 , 940 P.2d 710, 738 (Cal.1997) (…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Roever v. State (6×) also: Cited "see"
Nev. · 1998 · confidence medium
At the hearing, the court must determine whether "(1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice." *506 Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Qualls v. State (3×) also: Cited "see"
Nev. · 1998 · confidence medium
Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997); Armstrong v. State, 110 Nev. 1322, 1323-24 , 885 P.2d 600, 600-01 (1994).
discussed Cited "see" Eliason (Jason) v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), modified by Bigpond v. State, 128 Nev. „ 270 P.3d 1244, 1249-50 (2012).
examined Cited "see" Sharpe (Raymond) v. State (4×)
Nev. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170 , 1175 n.3, 946 P.2d 1061 , 1064 n.3 (1997).
discussed Cited "see" Williams (Christian) v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997), holding modified by Bigpond v. State, 128 Nev. , 270 P.3d 1244, 1249-50 (2012).
examined Cited "see" Rosky v. State (3×)
Nev. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See Petrocelli v. State, 101 Nev. 46, 51-52 , 692 P.2d 503, 507 (1985). 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997); see also Tavares, 117 Nev. at 731 , 30 P.3d at 1131 (“ ‘It is as much [a prosecutor’s] duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one.’” (quoting Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935))).
discussed Cited "see" Ochoa v. State (2×)
Nev. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064-65 (1997).
discussed Cited "see" Leonard v. State (2×)
Nev. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tinch v. State, 113 Nev. 1170, 1176 , 946 P.2d 1061, 1064 (1997).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Carter v. State (2×)
Nev. · 2005 · signal: see also · confidence low
See NRS 51.035. 28 See NRS 51.345. 29 See NRS 51.035(2)(a). 30 See NRS 51.105(1). 31 See Qualls v. State, 114 Nev. 900, 902 , 961 P.2d 765, 766 (1998) (“The trial court’s determination to admit or exclude evidence is to be given great deference and will not be reversed absent manifest error.”); see also People v. Edwards, 819 P.2d 436, 456-57 (Cal. 1991) (stating that a defendant in a crim *769 inal case may not introduce hearsay evidence for the purpose of testifying while avoiding cross-examination). 32 Tavares v. State, 117 Nev. 725, 731 , 30 P.3d 1128, 1131 (2001). 33 101 Nev. 46 , 6…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
SHARMARLO TINCH, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF NEVADA, Respondent
28064.
Nevada Supreme Court.
Oct 1, 1997.
946 P.2d 1061
Christopher R. Oram, Las Vegas, for Appellant., Frankie Sue Del Papa, Attorney General, Carson City; Stewart L. Bell, District Attorney, and James Tufteland, Chief Deputy District Attorney, and Bill A. Berrett, Deputy District Attorney, Clark County, for Respondent.
Per Curiam.
Cited by 70 opinions  |  Published

[*1171] OPINION

Per Curiam:

Appellant Sharmarlo Tinch was convicted of first degree murder with the use of a deadly weapon and conspiracy to commit murder, both with gang enhancements, for the drive-by shooting and murder of a rival gang member. Tinch appeals his conviction on the grounds that a mistrial should have been granted because one juror allegedly told the bailiff, prior to being polled, that she wished to change her verdict to not guilty and because the State violated the rules of discovery. Tinch further asserts that evidence of his prior bad acts was erroneously introduced at trial.

FACTS

Omar Walls testified for the State at Tinch’s trial. According to Walls, on February 28, 1994, he saw Tinch shoot and fatally injure Kentral “Boobie” Washington in a gang-related shooting. Washington and Walls were members of the “Comstock 40s” street gang, and Tinch was a member of a rival gang, the “Rolling 60s.” Walls testified that he and Washington were talking on Lawry Street near the corner of Comstock Street in Clark County; at approximately 1:00 p.m., Walls noticed a white[*1172] four-door Honda make a U-turn on Comstock Street and then turn onto Lawry Street.

According to Walls, Tinch was sitting on the Honda’s passenger side door with his upper body outside of the Honda. Tinch made a Rolling 60s gang sign as the car first passed Washington and Walls, who responded with a Comstock 40s gang sign. [1] As the Honda drove by again after making its U-turn, Tinch fired a gun at Walls and Washington; Walls started firing a gun at the Honda and ran across the street while Washington hid behind a car parked in front of a house on the corner. The Honda then made another U-turn and pulled up in front of the house where Washington was hiding. Walls stated that Tinch then began shooting at Washington, who moved from behind the parked car and began running across the corner house’s yard. Tinch killed Washington with a gunshot to the neck.

Another Comstock 40s gang member, Tony McCullum, testified that he was about half a block away from where Washington and Walls had been talking on Lawry Street. McCullum claimed to have seen the white Honda pull up in front of the corner house where Washington was hiding; McCullum saw Tinch, who was sitting on the passenger side door of the Honda, aim and fire a handgun. McCullum then saw Washington lying on the ground in the area where Tinch had fired.

Timothy Crane testified for the defense as an alibi witness. Crane stated that Tinch had been with him at Crane’s girlfriend’s house almost the entire day of the shooting. According to Crane, Tinch came to his girlfriend’s house between 9:30 and 10:00 a.m., so that Crane could cut Tinch’s hair. Tinch left at approximately 11:00 a.m. and returned at approximately 12:15 p.m. Crane claimed that sometime after Tinch returned, he overheard a neighbor say that someone had been shot.

During cross-examination of Crane, the State attempted to impeach him with an earlier handwritten statement wherein Crane had listed February 26, 1994, rather than February 28, 1994, as the date that he had been with Tinch. The defense objected on the grounds that, in violation of discovery rules, it had not received the statement, and the State indicated that it was unaware that the defense had not received a copy. The trial court ruled that the State would not be permitted to use Crane’s written statement because it had not been provided to the defense. The defense then called Crane’s girlfriend, LaTonya Houston. Houston testified that when she came home on February 28, 1994, at 2:00 p.m., Tinch was sleeping at her home. Houston[*1173] stated that she was sure of the date because it was the same date she had gone to get her child’s social security card and the “Geraldo” show was on the television.

At the beginning of trial, the State attempted to introduce several of Tinch’s prior uncharged acts. The trial court allowed evidence of the following two incidents. Approximately two weeks before the shooting, Walls, McCullum, and another friend were walking when Tinch and several others drove by in the white Honda involved in the shooting. Words were exchanged between the two groups and gang signs were “flashed.” The second incident occurred the following day; Washington, Walls, and another Comstock 40s gang member were in Rolling 60s “turf.” Tinch saw the three Comstock 40s gang members and shot at them as they ran away.

On September 14, 1995, the jury convicted Tinch of one count of murder with the use of a deadly weapon with the intent to promote, further, or assist a criminal gang and conspiracy to commit the same. The jury was polled'after the verdict was read, and all members supported the verdict. However, the following week one of the jurors, Ms. Grieve, contacted the trial court’s secretary and stated that the verdict of guilty was not her verdict. Prior to the penalty phase, the district court held an evidentiary hearing to address the issue. At the hearing, Grieve told the court that she had been the only juror who thought Tinch should be acquitted and that she did not agree with the guilty verdict. Apparently, the first verdict forms had been filled out incorrectly, so the jury went back to correct the forms. According to Grieve, before returning to the courtroom for the second time, she “asked [the bailiff] ... if I could change [the verdict]. He says no.”

The bailiff testified that the following occurred:

[BAILIFF]: The second time we went back to the jury room to change the forms, as we were coming into the courtroom, [Grieve] indicated, what if I change my mind? And I says, well, we have to go in now.
So we came in. And my — in retrospect I should have immediately went to the judge and told him that. However, I did not do so. But after the jury was polled, I thought [Grieve] would speak up.
THE COURT: Did you tell her that she couldn’t change her verdict?
[BAILIFF]: I didn’t say she could not change her verdict. I told [Grieve] we have to go in now. This is when we were coming in.
[PROSECUTOR]: Was it after that that she then was polled and said that was her verdict? ... In other words,[*1174] after this conversation with you, then [Grieve] came into court and the verdict was read?
[BAILIFF]: Exactly.
[PROSECUTOR]: And that’s when [Grieve] stood up— the defense or the judge had each of the jurors stand up and asked if that was their verdict, and she said that was her verdict?
[BAILIFF]: That’s correct.

The testimony further indicated that although Grieve stated upon being polled that her verdict was guilty, Grieve was crying at the time. [2] At the close of the evidentiary hearing, Tinch moved for a mistrial based upon Ms. Grieve’s testimony. Following a subsequent hearing, the trial court denied Tinch’s motion for mistrial. After the penalty phase, Tinch was sentenced to life with the possibility of parole, plus an identical consecutive term for the deadly weapon enhancement, concurrent with six years for the conspiracy conviction plus six years consecutive for the conspiracy gang enhancement.

Tinch now appeals the lower court’s denial of his motion for mistrial based upon Ms. Grieve’s testimony and the State’s failure to provide Tinch with Crane’s handwritten statement. Tinch further challenges the district court’s decision to admit evidence of Tinch’s prior uncharged acts. We conclude that Tinch’s arguments are without merit and affirm his convictions and sentences.

DISCUSSION

The district court did not err in denying the motion for mistrial based on Grieve’s testimony or the State’s alleged discovery violation

There is a factual dispute as to the nature of the dialogue between Grieve and the bailiff which occurred on the jury’s way into the courtroom to deliver its verdict on the corrected forms. Grieve testified that she told the bailiff that she wanted to change her verdict, and the bailiff told her that she could not. According to the bailiff, Grieve simply asked what would happen if she changed her mind, and he responded that she had to go into the courtroom at that time.

As a general rule, jurors may not impeach their own verdict. Pinana v. State, 76 Nev. 274, 288, 352 P.2d 824, 832 (1960).[*1175] Accordingly, it was incumbent upon Grieve to repudiate her verdict when polled by the court. Tinch asserts that the fact that Ms. Grieve supported the verdict when polled is irrelevant because the bailiff had told her that she could not change her verdict. However, the district court apparently adopted the bailiff’s account of what transpired. It is not this court’s prerogative to determine the credibility of witnesses below. Doyle v. State, 112 Nev. 879, 891-92, 921 P.2d 901, 910 (1996). Therefore, we conclude that the district court’s failure to declare a mistrial on the basis of Ms. Grieve’s testimony was not error.

Tinch further asserts that a mistrial should have been granted because the State violated the rules of discovery by failing to produce Crane’s witness statement. Even though the district court decided that the State could not use Crane’s handwritten statement to impeach him as Tinch’s alibi witness, Tinch asserts that the jury nonetheless heard that Crane may have earlier stated that he was with Tinch on February 26, 1994, rather than February 28, 1994 — the day of the shooting. Tinch contends that a mistrial was the only appropriate remedy because the State suppressed or intentionally withheld information from the defense.

In Lopez v. State, 105 Nev. 68, 79, 769 P.2d 1276, 1283 (1989), we concluded that the trial court did not err in denying a defense motion for mistrial where there was no evidence of suppression or that the State intentionally withheld information from the defense. Tinch has not shown any intentional or bad faith suppression by the State; the prosecutor responded to Tinch’s initial objection with a statement that he “wasn’t aware that counsel didn’t have it.” Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying a mistrial based on the State’s alleged discovery violation. [3]

The district court did not err in admitting evidence of two prior, uncharged acts

Finally, Tinch contends that evidence of two prior incidents, which occurred two weeks before the murder (i.e., Tinch flashing gang signs at Walls and McCullum and firing a gun at Washington the next day), was improperly admitted. We disagree. The trial court conducted a hearing outside of the presence of the jury on[*1176] the State’s motion in limine to introduce several uncharged acts against Tinch. [4] To be deemed an admissible bad act, the trial court must determine, outside the presence of the jury, that: (1) the incident is relevant to the crime charged; (2) the act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. [5] Walker v. State, 112 Nev. 819, 824, 921 P.2d 923, 926 (1996).

We conclude that the evidence was relevant to the gang enhancement charge and could show motive pursuant to NRS 48.045(2). Further, the testimony of McCullum and Walls concerning these prior incidents provided clear and convincing evidence of the occurrence of the prior acts. With regard to whether the evidence was overly prejudicial, Tinch argues that it simply “inflame[d] the passions of the jury to convict a man based upon his status as [a] gang member.” We disagree. “Other state and federal courts have found gang-affiliation evidence relevant and not substantially outweighed by unfair prejudice when it tends to prove motive.” Lay v. State, 110 Nev. 1189, 1196, 886 P.2d 448, 452 (1994) (concluding that gang affiliation evidence was not unfairly prejudicial and was relevant to show motive to shoot rival gang members). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in permitting the State’s introduction of Tinch’s prior uncharged acts.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that the district court properly refused to grant a mistrial based upon the juror’s claim that the verdict was not her own and the alleged discovery violations. We further conclude that Tinch’s remaining argument concerning the admission of prior bad acts is without merit. Accordingly, Tinch’s convictions and sentences are affirmed.

1

There was testimony that the flashing of gang signs is a form of intimidation, used to “represent your neighborhood.”

2

The court responded that Ms. Grieve “was crying . . . before she even went out to deliberate — while she was deliberating or whatever. I mean, none of that is unusual. It happens all the time where people get emotional during the stress of trying to decide upon a verdict.”

3

Tinch farther asserts, very briefly, that the State “sandbagged” the defense by failing to introduce two of its eyewitnesses until after the jury was empaneled. Tinch’s argument is cryptic, at best, and no authority in support of this argument is cited. We will not address this issue. See McKinney v. State, 93 Nev. 70, 71, 560 P.2d 151, 151 (1977).

4

Tinch objected that the State’s motion was untimely because it waited almost a week after calendar call to file the motion. However, Tinch has not provided this court with any support for his untimeliness argument; therefore, we will not consider this issue. McKinney, 93 Nev. at 71, 560 P.2d at 151.

5

We acknowledge that some of our prior cases have misstated this third prong as “the evidence is more probative than prejudicial.” See, e.g., Cipriano v. State, 111 Nev. 534, 541, 894 P.2d 347, 352 (1995); Berner v. State, 104 Nev. 695, 697, 765 P.2d 1144, 1146 (1988). These cases are modified to reflect the correct standard as set forth in this opinion.