Wilford v. State, 606 S.E.2d 252 (Ga. 2004). · Go Syfert
Wilford v. State, 606 S.E.2d 252 (Ga. 2004). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
48 citation events (48 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Stephens v. State (ga, 2011-10-03)
Treatment trajectory · 2005 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2005 2015 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 14 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Stephens v. State (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. · 2011 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the difrancesco decision then went on to hold that a defendant may be resentenced after the original sentence has begun being served, so long as (a) such resentencing is allowed by law, and (b) the defendant has no reasonable expectation in the finality of the original sentence.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Andrew Hammond
Ga. Ct. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
Our Supreme Court has been clear that a “defendant may be resentenced after the original sentence has begun being served, so long as (a) such resentencing is 1 Due to the merger, Hammond’s aggregate sentence shrunk from 60 years to serve 40 to 40 years to serve 34. 15 allowed by law, and (b) the defendant has no reasonable expectation in the finality of the original sentence.” (Citations omitted.) Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. 718, 719-720 ( 606 SE2d 252 ) (2004) (finding that defendant had no expectation in the finality of his sentence when the first offender statute permitted revocation of…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jordash Tanksley v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
According to the notice, the State attached evidence of the three prior felony 16 Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. 718, 720 ( 606 SE2d 252 ) (2004) (punctuation and footnote omitted). 17 273 Ga. App. 520, 522 (3) ( 615 SE2d 609 ) (2005); see also Loveless v. State, 344 Ga. App. 716 , 721-723 (1) (b) ( 812 SE2d 42 ) (2018) (holding that the trial court did not err in resentencing the defendant as a recidivist under OCGA § 17-10-7 (c) and ineligible for parole where the defendant had unsuccessfully challenged his conviction and the trial court had determined on remittitur that the original sentence wa…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Christian Evans Hughes v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
This conforms to the Supreme Court of Georgia’s explanation that “[a]s to sentencing, each count stands alone; thus, when a trial court considers the appropriate sentence for Count 1 of an indictment, it is the only criminal charge at issue, and not any other counts in the indictment.” Evans v. State, 300 Ga. 271, 276 ( 794 SE2d 40 ) (2016). 9 248 Ga. 183 ( 281 SE2d 604 ) (1981). 10 Id. at 185 (4), citing United States v. Benz, 282 U. S. 304 (51 SC 113, 75 LE 354) (1931), Higdon v. Cooper, 247 Ga. 746 ( 279 SE2d 451 ) (1981), overruled by Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. 718, 721, n.14 ( 606 SE…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Parrott v. State (6×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. · 2021 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Wilford, 278 Ga. at 720 (holding that no double jeopardy violation occurred where the defendant was resentenced to a longer term after the trial court 7 determined that his original sentence was improperly imposed under the First Offender Act).3 Although Parrott concedes that his probation sentence for felony fleeing was void, he contends that the trial court was not authorized to resentence him because a $5,000 fine by itself, without imprisonment, is a legal sentence for felony fleeing.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Robert Ray Whipkey v. State (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
See United States v. DiFrancesco, 449 U. S. 117, 136-137 (IV) (D) ( 101 SCt 426 , 66 LE2d 328) (1980) (statute authorizing the imposition of an increased sentence for a “convicted dangerous special offender,” and which granted the government the right to seek appellate review of any such sentence, did not violate a defendant’s rights against double jeopardy); Wilford, 278 Ga. at 720 (defendant’s double jeopardy rights were not implicated when his first offender status was revoked while he was still serving his probation and before he had been discharged; statute allowed a trial court, …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Page v. the State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Boggs and Mercier, JJ., concur fully and specially. 8 “Double jeopardy does prevent a court from imposing additional punishment where doing so would upset the defendant’s legitimate ‘expectation of finality in his sentence’ “[but] a defendant may be resentenced after the original sentence has begun being served, so long as (a) such resentencing is allowed by law, and (b) the defendant has no reasonable expectation in the finality of the original sentence.” Stephens v. State, 289 Ga. 758, 764 (2) (b) (2) ( 716 SE2d 154 ) (2011) (citations omitted), quoting Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kim Marie Hoosline v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Instead, in addition to orally explaining the provisions of OCGA § 16-13-2 when a plea is entered, a trial court should enter a document accepting a plea under OCGA § 16-13- 2, deferring adjudication, and explicitly stating that successful completion of the terms of probation would result in a complete discharge and dismissal, while a violation of the terms of probation would result in an adjudication of guilt and sentencing on the underlying charge up to the maximum permitted by law. 7 (Punctuation and citations omitted.) Williams v. State, 273 Ga. App. 42, 46 (6) ( 614 SE2d 146 ) (2005), c…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hoosline v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Williams v. State, 273 Ga. App. 42, 46 (6) ( 614 SE2d 146 ) (2005), citing Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. 718, 720 ( 606 SE2d 252 ) (2004).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Smarr v. State (3×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
Compare OCGA § 42-8-60 (b) (“[Ujpon the court determining that the defendant is or was not eligible for sentencing [as a first offender], the court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided by law.”); Wilford, 278 Ga. at 720 (holding that a defendant “who knowingly provides false information to the trial court in order to receive first offender treatment has no reasonable expectation that the resulting sentence is final” and may be subject to an enhanced sentence (punctuation omitted)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Deonte Smarr v. State (3×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
Compare OCGA § 42-8-60 (b) (“[U]pon the court determining that the defendant is or was not eligible for sentencing [as a first offender], the court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided by law.”); Wilford, 278 Ga. at 720 (holding that a defendant “who knowingly provides false information to the trial court in order to receive first offender treatment has no reasonable expectation that the resulting sentence is final” and may be subject to an enhanced sentence (punctuation omitted)). 38 See Stulb v. State, 279 Ga. App. 547, 550-52 (2) ( 631 SE2d 765 ) (20…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sentence Review Panel v. Moseley
Ga. · 2008 · confidence medium
However, once a defendant has begun to serve a sentence, the constitutional principle of double jeopardy precludes an increase in punishment, unless “(a) such resentencing is allowed by law, and (b) the defendant has no reasonable expectation in the finality of the original sentence [being served], [Cit.]” Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. 718, 720 ( 606 SE2d 252 ) (2004).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Williams v. State (4×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2005 · confidence medium
The Supreme Court of Georgia has held that once a defendant begins serving his sentence, that sentence can only be increased through resentencing where “(a) such resentencing is allowed by law, and (b) the defendant has no reasonable expectation in the finality of the original sentence.” Wilford v. State, 278 Ga. 718, 720 ( 606 SE2d 252 ) (2004).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." LOVELESS v. the STATE. (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2018 · signal: see also · confidence low
The Court will not provide any notice that the record is being destroyed other than that contained in the notice of remittitur."). 8 See Holman v. State , 329 Ga. App. 393 , 396-97 (1), 765 S.E.2d 614 (2014) (holding that it is the appellant's burden to notify Court of Appeals of his or her intent to rely upon a transcript in a previously filed appeal, and noting that "to the extent [the appellant] wished to rely upon the transcript transmitted by the trial court in the prior appeal ..., he had a duty under OCGA § 5-6-37 to specify in the notice of appeal that he was not requesting the transm…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Wilford
v.
the State
S04G0894.
Supreme Court of Georgia.
Nov 22, 2004.
606 S.E.2d 252
2004 Ga. LEXIS 1023
Thomas E. Maddox, Jr., for appellant., J. David McDade, District Attorney, Christopher R. Johnson, Jeffrey L. Ballew, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellee.
Sears.
Cited by 16 opinions  |  Published
1 passage pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 72%
Citer courts: Supreme Court of Georgia (1)
SEARS, Presiding Justice.

Certiorari was granted to consider whether, after it was discovered that appellant had made affirmative misrepresentations to the trial court concerning his eligibility for first offender treatment, his sentence under the First Offender Act could be revoked and he could be resentenced. We find that such revocation and resentencing is permissible, and therefore we affirm.

Appellant Charles Wilford, also known as Charles Ikori, was arrested and indicted on seven counts of forgery. Appearing before the trial court, appellant pled guilty to all counts and requested that he be sentenced under the First Offender Act. [1] In response, the trial court inquired whether appellant had previously been convicted under the alias Charles Ikori on federal charges in the Northern District of Georgia. Appellant assured the trial court that he had never been convicted of any crime, and told the court that although he had previously been arrested in the Northern District, the case against him had been dismissed. After warning appellant that his sentence would be revoked if it was discovered that he had been untruthful about being a first-time offender, the trial court granted the request for first offender treatment and sentenced appellant to ten years probation, with twelve months to be served in a detention center. Appellant began to serve his sentence shortly thereafter.

After sentencing, the State obtained a certified copy of the Northern District conviction, which showed that appellant, under the alias Charles Ikori, had in fact been convicted of the federal crimes he was questioned about by the trial court. The State then moved the trial court to set aside appellant’s first offender sentence and resentence him. A hearing was held, at which defense counsel stipulated that appellant had a prior felony conviction and was not eligible for treatment under the First Offender Act. Counsel explained to the court that following his conviction on federal charges, appellant had served six months in a detention facility before being deported to England. While in England, appellant changed his name to Ikori, obtained a new visa, and returned to the United States. Counsel[*719] explained that appellant had lied to the trial court about his earlier conviction because he feared a second deportation.

The trial court found that appellant had not been eligible for first offender treatment at the time of his original sentencing, set aside the original sentence, and re-sentenced appellant to thirty-five years, with ten years to serve. The Court of Appeals affirmed. [2]

Appellant argues that the prohibition against double jeopardy, as set forth in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, absolutely forbade the trial court from increasing his sentence once he had begun to serve it. In support of this argument, appellant points to this Court’s holding in Higdon v. Cooper, that “[o]nce a defendant begins to serve his sentence, it may not be increased,” [3] even where the defendant has lied about his eligibility for first offender treatment.

Higdon and its supporting authority were consistent with early precedent from the United States Supreme Court, which held in United States v. Benz 4 that once a defendant begins to serve his sentence, the sentence may be decreased, but may not be increased:

The distinction that the court... may amend a sentence so as to mitigate the punishment, but not so as to increase it, is not based upon the ground that the court has lost control of the judgment in the latter case, but upon the ground that to increase the penalty is to subject the defendant to double punishment for the same offense in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which provides that no person shall “be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.” [5]

If this holding remained good law, it would support the argument appellant advances. However, in a subsequent decision, United States v. DiFrancesco, 6 the Supreme Court retreated from its reasoning in Benz, held that the language quoted above was mere dicta and limited the Benz holding to the proposition that a trial court is authorized to reduce a defendant’s sentence once service has begun. [7] The DiFrancesco decision then went on to hold that a defendant may be resentenced after the original sentence has begun being served, so[*720] long as (a) such resentencing is allowed by law, and (b) the defendant has no reasonable expectation in the finality of the original sentence. [8]

In DiFrancesco, the Court considered whether a federal statute allowing the government to seek resentencing of a “dangerous special offender” violated the prohibition against double jeopardy. The Court held that:

Although it might be argued that the defendant perceives the length of his sentence as finally determined when he begins to serve it, and that the trial judge should be prohibited from thereafter increasing the sentence, that argument has no force where, as [in this case], Congress has specifically provided that the sentence is subject to appeal. Under such circumstances, there can be no expectation of finality in the original sentence [and resentencing is permissible]. [9]

Thus, where the legislature has provided that a sentence, once imposed, is subject to appeal and/or subsequent modification, it is not considered final or absolute. In those circumstances, “the guarantee against multiple punishment” at the core of double jeopardy protections is not implicated. [10] Simply put, “the double jeopardy considerations that bar reprosecution after an acquittal do not prohibit review of a sentence [that is] statutorily permissible.” [11]

Applying this reasoning to the present appeal, we conclude that appellant’s resentencing did not run afoul of double jeopardy concerns. The Georgia First Offender Act specifically provides that upon finding a defendant was improperly given first offender treatment, the trial court may “enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided by law.” [12] Accordingly, a defendant who, like appellant, is improperly found eligible for first offender treatment may have his sentence revoked and be resentenced under Georgia law. Moreover, a defendant in appellant’s position, who knowingly provided false information to the trial court in order to receive first offender treatment, has no reasonable expectation that the resulting sentence is final. [13] Therefore, consistent with the DiFrancesco opin[*721] ion discussed above, the trial court was authorized to revoke appellant’s original sentence under the First Offender Act and to resentence him under applicable law. [14]

Decided November 22, 2004. Thomas E. Maddox, Jr., for appellant. J. David McDade, District Attorney, Christopher R. Johnson, Jeffrey L. Ballew, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellee.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur.
2

Wilford. v. State, 265 Ga. App. 153 (592 SE2d 923) (2004).

3

247 Ga. 746 (279 SE2d451) (1981), citing England v. Newton, 238 Ga. 534, 536 (233 SE2d 787) (1977).

4

282 U. S. 304 (51 SC 113, 75 LE 354) (1931).

6

449 U. S. 117 (101 SC 426, 66 LE2d 328) (1980).

8

449 U. S. at 138-139. The Court also explained that historically, the double jeopardy concerns that bar successive prosecutions after acquittal do not prohibit courts from reviewing sentences once they have been imposed. 449 U. S. at 136-137.

13

See 449 U. S. at 136. Compare United States v. Jones, 722 F2d 632 (11th Cir. 1983) (where defendant was improperly sentenced solely due to trial court error and through no fault of his own, he had a reasonable expectation in the finality of his sentence; therefore, double jeopardy concerns prohibited the district court from resentencing him).

14

The contrary rulings in Higdon v. Cooper, supra, and England v. Newton, supra, are hereby overruled. This opinion is intended to have application only with regard to those criminal defendants who are given treatment under the Georgia First Offender Act, OCGA § 42-8-60 et seq.