Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655 (Tex. App. 2002). · Go Syfert
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655 (Tex. App. 2002). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
150 citation events (150 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Treatment trajectory · 2002 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2002 2014 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kellus Joseph Bravo v. Corraima Bravo
txctapp2 · 2026 · confidence medium
See Morales v. Marquis, No. 13-12-00407-CV, 2013 WL 2298469 , at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg May 23, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Notice under Rule 245 can . . . be waived if a party who is actively litigating the case did not receive the full notice but proceeded to trial without objection.”); Johnson v. Mohammed, No. 03-10-00763-CV, 2013 WL 1955862 , at *4 (Tex. App.—Austin May 10, 2013, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (mem. op.) (holding that “45- day notice requirement can be waived by party’s inaction or lack thereof”); Custom- Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 6…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) D. D. v. Texas Department of Family and Protective Services
Tex. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
“A trial court’s failure to comply with Rule 245 deprives a party of its constitutional right to be present at the hearing, to voice its objections in an appropriate manner, and results in a violation of fundamental due process.” Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (citing Blanco v. Bolanos, 20 S.W.3d 809, 811 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Matter of the Marriage of Mary Caroline Guggenheim and Erik Wade Guggenheim v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Next, while Mary cites several Rule 245 cases for the proposition that a party must complain of insufficient notice to preserve error, those cases all involve situations where the trial court provided notice and are rooted in the principle that “[a] party may waive a complaint [under Rule 245] by failing to take action when the party receives some, but less than forty-five days[’] notice.” Kinara v. Ongera, No. 02-22-00068-CV, 2022 WL 17037421 , at *6 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Nov. 17, 2022, no pet.) (mem. op.) (second and third alterations in original) (quoting Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar…
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of B. D. M., a Child v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Custom–Crete, Inc. v. K–Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of V.J. and V.J., Children v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
Custom–Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); In re Marriage of Parker, 20 S.W.3d 27 812, 818 (Tex. App.––Texarkana 2000, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of M.A.B and B.A.C., Children v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
“Error resulting from a trial court’s failure to provide parties proper notice under Rule 245 is waived if a party proceeds to trial and fails to object to the lack of notice.” Custom-Crete, Inc. -7- 04-22-00279-CV v. K-Bar Svcs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); see also In re J.(B.B.)M., 955 S.W.2d 405, 408 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1997, no pet.) (holding appellant Mother waived her Rule 245 complaint when she failed to object to insufficient notice of the trial setting and proceeded to trial).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cory Lee Hale v. Attorney General of Texas, Tiffany Amanda Randall
Tex. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
Corp., 183 S.W.3d at 716–17 (letter signed by nonprofit organization’s executive director identified plaintiffs, acknowledged receipt and acceptance of citation, and responded to petition’s allegations); In re K.B.A., 145 S.W.3d 685 , 690–91 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, no pet.) (letter filed with court clerk was timely, signed, and notarized; it identified parties, children, cause number, and parties’ current addresses; and it denied allegations of termination petition and objected to court’s jurisdiction); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.�…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Obadiah Kinara v. David Ongera
Tex. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
See Stone, 2020 WL 3410502 , at *4; A.H., 2006 WL 3438179 , at *1; Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (“A party may waive a complaint [under Rule 245] by failing to take action when the party receives some, but less than forty-five days[’] notice.”). 16 Moreover, even if Kinara had not waived this complaint, we would still reject it because he received more than forty-five days’ notice of the initial trial setting.
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of J.R.B., a Child
Tex. App. · 2021 · confidence medium
Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.— San Antonio 2002, no pet.)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of M.M.M. and C.N.M., Children
Tex. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) $2,424.21 in U.S. Currency and 2013 Volkswagen Passat v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
Compliance with the rule has been called “mandatory.” Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K- Bar Services, Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. v. Abbott, 863 S.W.2d 139, 140 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1993, writ denied); see Campos v. Nueces County, No. 13-07-488-CV, 2008 WL 331067 , at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.); see also Fifteen-Thousand One- Hundred Ninety-Six Dollars v. State, No. 03-16-00015-CV, 2016 WL 6833102 , at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin Nov. 17, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding twenty-nine days’ notice of th…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Florenca Torres-Kapitzky Young v. Jacob Kyle Young
Tex. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
“Error resulting from a trial court’s failure to provide parties proper notice under Rule 245 is waived if a party proceeds to trial and fails to object to the lack of notice.” Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); see also Stallworth v. Stallworth, 201 S.W.3d 338, 346 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.) (same).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rare Endowment, LLC v. Green Tree Servicing, LLC, Trailer Divas, LLC, Moreno's Mobile Home Transport, LLC, Texas Finest Manufactured Housing, Inc., Justin Davis Lynn and Stayci Bradford
Tex. App. · 2018 · confidence medium
“Texas courts have consistently held that a nonattorney may not appear pro se on behalf of a corporation.” Corona v. Pilgrim’s Pride Corp., 245 S.W.3d 75, 79 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2008, pet. denied); see Kunstoplast of Am., Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex. 1996) (per curiam) (“Generally a corporation may be represented only by a licensed attorney, and an individual must appear in person or by an attorney.”) (citation omitted); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (trial court was correct to…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ricardo G. Rodriguez v. David G. Marcus, as Receiver of KF Logistics, Inc.
Tex. App. · 2018 · confidence medium
Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d at 138 ; Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Services, Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) in Re RPH Capital Partners, LP
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Corp. v. Poenisch, No. 04-15-00041-CV, 2015 WL -5- 04-16-00424-CV 7271216, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Nov. 18, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fifteen-Thousand One-Hundred Ninety-Six Dollars and Forty-One Cents in United States Currency v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
To support this argument, the State relies on cases holding that a party may waive an objection to lack of notice in compliance with Rule 245 if it “proceeds to trial and fails to object to the lack of notice.” See Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658-59 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (citing In re J.(B.B.)M., 955 S.W.2d 405, 408 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1997, no pet.); State Farm Fire & Cas.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Victoria Richardson v. Tarrence Sims
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
See LBL Oil Co. v. Int’l Power Servs., Inc., 777 S.W.2d 390 , 390–91 (Tex. 1989) (per curiam); Custom–Crete, Inc. v. K–Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.— San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lenz v. Bank of America, N.A.
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Norvelle, 472 S.W.3d at 447 ; see also Kunstoplast of Am., Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex.1996) (“Generally a corporation may be represented only by a licensed attorney ... and an individual must appear in person or by an attorney”); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (holding trial court was correct to not allow individual to participate at trial because he was a non-attorney attempting to represent defendant-company); TEX.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) in Re RPH Capital Partners, LP (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Ass’n, 466 S.W.3d 884 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, no pet) ............................................7 Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845 (Tex. 2004) ......................................................................................................9 Balogh v. Ramos, 978 S.W.2d 696 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1998, pet. denied) ........................................7, 16 Chapa v. Wirth, 343 S.W.2d 936 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1961, no writ) ............................................................13 Conrad v. Orellana, 661 S.W.2d 309 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gregory Michael Szanyi, Jr. v. Tisha Lee Thibodeaux Gibson
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
“A party may waive a complaint by failing to take action when the party receives some, but less than forty-five days’, notice.” Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); Abend v. Fed.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Templeton Mortgage Corporation v. Gary M. Poenisch (2×)
Tex. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
Kunstoplast of Am., Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex. 1996); Serrano v. Pellicano Park, L.L.C., 441 S.W.3d 517, 521 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2014, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.— San Antonio 2002, no pet.). -2- 04-15-00041-CV Accordingly, the court ruled, “[S]ince [Templeton] ha[s]n’t gotten an attorney as of this date, then I’ll strike [its] answer, which lets . . . you go forward with a default.” Thereafter, the trial court permitted Poenisch to proceed with his motion for a no-answer default j…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Annise D. Parker, Mayor, Anna Russell, City Secretary, and City of Houston v. David B. Wilson
Tex. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
P. 245; see LBL Oil Co. v. Int’l Power Servs., Inc., 777 S.W.2d 390 , 390–91 (Tex. 1989) (per curiam); Custom–Crete, Inc. v. K–Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of M.A.B., IV, a Child
Tex. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs, 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App. - San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dakota Snow Pike-Grant v. Jeffrey Alan Grant (2×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rhino Contractors, LLC v. Vulcan Construction Materials, LP
Tex. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
E.g., Ivy v. Carrell, 407 S.W.2d 212, 213 (Tex. 1966); In re Adams, 416 S.W.3d 556, 561 (Tex. App.- Tyler 2013, no pet.) ("Under Craddock, conscious indifference must amount to m re than mere negligence to preclude the setting aside of a de fault judgment"); Custom-Crete, inc. v. K-Bar Servs., 82 S.W.3d 655, 660 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wuxi Taihu Tractor Company, Ltd. v. the York Group, Inc.
Tex. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
In Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K–Bar Services, Inc., the court concluded that a letter filed by a corporation’s vice president, although defective, constituted an answer. 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Nancy Ann Scott v. Hamilton County, Hamilton ISD, City of Hamilton, Hamilton County and Hamilton Hospital District
Tex. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
P. 33.1(a); see also Stallworth v. Stallworth, 201 S.W.3d 338, 346 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.) (explaining that a party waives any complaint of error resulting from a trial court’s failure to afford proper notice under rule 245 by proceeding to trial and not objecting to lack of notice); Custom- Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (“Error resulting from a . . . failure to provide parties proper notice . . . is waived if a 4 In fact, the following exchange occurred at the November 13, 2013 hearing: [Counsel for appellees]: Mrs. Scot…
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of E.D.F. and C.G.F., Children
Tex. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Co., 147 S.W.3d 444, 452-53 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2004, no pet.) and Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Services, Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Matter of the Marriage of Kriss Camp and Belinda Camp
Tex. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Custom- Crete v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) The presumption is rebuttable.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Border States Electric Supply of Texas, Inc. v. Coast to Coast Electric, LLC, Enriquez Enterprises, Inc., Gilbert Enriquez, Jaime Enriquez and Carlos Mendiola
Tex. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kelly McClane v. New Caney Oaks Apartments (2×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
See L’Arte De La Mode, Inc. v. Nieman Marcus Grp., 395 S.W.3d 291, 295 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2013, no pet.) (“The representative could not have ... presented a case[.]”); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Todd Simmons v. Mitel Leasing, Inc. F/K/A Inter-Tel, Leasing, Inc.
Tex. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
See LBL Oil Co. v. Int’l Power Servs., Inc., 777 S.W.2d 390 , 390–91 (Tex. 1989) (per curiam); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) in Re: William W. Adams
Tex. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 660 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2002, no pet.); Ferguson & Co. v. Roll, 776 S.W.2d 692, 697 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1989, no writ) (citing Pohl and Hittner, Judgment by Default in Texas, 37 Sw.L.J. 421, 443).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Maria Gabriela Morales v. James Clyde Marquis (3×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
If notice is not given in compliance with the rule, “the post-answer default judgment should be set aside because it is ineffectual.” Id.; Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Serv., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); Blanco v. Bolanos, 20 S.W.3d 809 , 811–12 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.); Barbosa v. Hollis Rutledge & Assoc., Inc., No. 13-05-485-CV, 2007 WL 1845583 , at **1–2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi, June 28, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op.); see Smith v. Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d 137 , 137–38 (Tex. 1992) (per curiam) (holding that the documents appellant filed wi…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ex Parte Salvador Zavala
Tex. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
See, e.g., LBL Oil Co. v. Int'l Paper Servs ., 777 S.W.2d 390, 391 (Tex. 1989) (reversing default judgment for lack of notice of hearing); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-bar Servs., Inc ., 82 S.W.3d 655, 660 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (party challenging trial court judgment for lack of notice has burden of proving no notice); Blanco v. Bolanos , 20 S.W.3d 809, 811 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.) (trial court's failure to give required notice constitutes lack of due process and grounds for reversal); Vining v. Vining, 782 S.W.2d 261, 262 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1989, no writ…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Omar Cuevas and Elizabeth Cuevas v. Wheat Investments, Inc.
Tex. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (citing Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d at 138 ; Hardin v. Hardin, 932 S.W.2d 566, 567 (Tex. App.–Tyler 1995, no writ); Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. v. Abbott, 863 S.W.2d 139, 140 (Tex. App.–Texarkana 1993, writ denied)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bluebonnet Financial Assets v. Marvin Miller
Tex. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
The vast majority of opinions that address the sufficiency of a defendant’s answer arise from default judgment cases in which the defendant has responded to the petition with a document that does meet the requirements of a Rule 83 “Original Answer.” See Hughes v. Habitat Apts., 860 S.W.2d 872, 873 (Tex. 1993)(default judgment improper as defendant’s pauper’s affidavit was sufficient to constitute an answer); Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d at 138 (default -8- judgment was improperly granted as defendant’s pro se letter to district clerk confirming receipt of citation constituted an answer); C…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bluebonnet Financial Assets v. Miller
Tex. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
The vast majority of opinions that address the sufficiency of a defendant’s answer arise from default judgment cases in which the defendant has responded to the petition with a document that does meet the requirements of a Rule 83 “Original Answer.” See Hughes v. Habitat Apts., 860 S.W.2d 872, 873 (Tex.1993) (default judgment improper as defendant’s pauper’s affidavit was sufficient to constitute an answer); Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d at 138 (default judgment was improperly granted as defendant’s pro se letter to district clerk confirming receipt of citation constituted an answer); Custo…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bluebonnet Financial Assets v. Marvin Miller
Tex. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
The vast majority of opinions that address the sufficiency of a defendant’s answer arise from default judgment cases in which the defendant has responded to the petition with a document that does meet the requirements of a Rule 83 “Original Answer.” See Hughes v. Habitat Apts. , 860 S.W.2d 872, 873 (Tex. 1993)(default judgment improper as defendant’s pauper’s affidavit was sufficient to constitute an answer); Lippmann , 826 S.W.2d at 138 (default judgment was improperly granted as defendant’s pro se letter to district clerk confirming receipt of citation constituted an answer); Cus…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pagel & Sons, Inc. D/B/A Pagel & Sons v. Gems One Corporation
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
See Dehoyos, 183 S.W.3d at 715 ; see also KSNG Architects, Inc. v. Beasley, 109 S.W.3d 894 , 899 n.5 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.) (“An answer filed on behalf of a corporation by a non-attorney is sufficient to prevent a default judgment.”); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (answer filed by corporation’s vice-president which identified trial court cause number but did not state that he was agent for corporation held to be sufficient answer).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pagel & Sons, Inc. D/B/A Pagel & Sons v. Gems One Corporation
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
See Dehoyos , 183 S.W.3d at 715 ; see also KSNG Architects, Inc. v. Beasley , 109 S.W.3d 894 , 899 n.5 (Tex. App.--Dallas 2003, no pet.) ("An answer filed on behalf of a corporation by a non-attorney is sufficient to prevent a default judgment."); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs. , 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (answer filed by corporation's vice-president which identified trial court cause number but did not state that he was agent for corporation held to be sufficient answer).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Darlene Stiles v. David Clyde Stiles, Sr.
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 658 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Victor Moreno and Extreme Collision & Automotive v. Herbert Lawrence Polinard
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jaco v. Rivera
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Ashivorth, 274 S.W.3d at 331 -32 (citing Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 660 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2002, no pet.); State v. Sledge, 982 S.W.2d 911, 916 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. denied); Gotcher, 757 S.W.2d at 402 ).
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of J.R.S., J.L.S., and B.L.N.S.
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Custom- Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc., 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
cited Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of J.R.S., J.L.S., and B.L.N.S.
Tex. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc. , 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) in the Interest of A.L.R. and J.A.R., Children
Tex. App. · 2008 · confidence medium
See, e.g., LBL Oil Co. v. Int'l Paper Servs ., 777 S.W.2d 390, 391 (Tex. 1989) (reversing default judgment for lack of notice of hearing); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-bar Servs., Inc ., 82 S.W.3d 655, 660 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (party challenging trial court judgment for lack of notice has burden of proving no notice); Blanco v. Bolanos , 20 S.W.3d 809, 811 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.) (trial court's failure to give required notice constitutes lack of due process and grounds for reversal); Vining v. Vining, 782 S.W.2d 261, 262 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1989, no writ…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Eufemia Z. Campos and Hortensia Greene v. Nueces County
Tex. App. · 2008 · confidence medium
Smith v. Lippmann , 826 S.W.2d 137 , 138 n.1 (Tex. 1992); Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs, Inc. , 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.-San Antonio, 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) George Barbosa, Individually and D/B/A Barbosa Group, Executive Security v. Hollis, Rutledge & Associates, Inc. (2×)
Tex. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
In support, Rutledge cites Custom Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc. , 82 S.W.3d 655, 659 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2002, no pet.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lydia M. McLane v. Fred L. McLane
Tex. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
“Answers” sufficient to stave off default judgment having included a pauper’s affidavit, Hughes v. Habitat Apartments , 860 S.W.2d 872, 873 (Tex. 1993); a letter from a defendant corporation’s vice president to the trial court clerk that includes the cause number and denies liability, Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Servs., Inc. , 82 S.W.3d 655, 657-58 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.); and an unsigned letter filed by a corporation that contains the sender’s address, denies liability, and contains the trial court cause number, Home Sav. of Am.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
CUSTOM-CRETE, INC., Appellant,
v.
K-BAR SERVICES, INC., Appellee
04-01-00721-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas.
Jun 12, 2002.
82 S.W.3d 655
Elizabeth C. Bloch, Rachel L. Noffke, Hilgers & Watkins, P.C., Austin, for Appellant., Charles A. Stephens, II, Law Offices of Charles A. Stephens, II, Canyon Lake, for Appellee.
Stone, Green, Marion.
Cited by 98 opinions  |  Published

OPINION

SANDEE BRYAN MARION, Justice.

In this appeal from a default judgment, a non-attorney corporate representative of appellant, Custom-Crete, Inc., filed a defective answer and attempted to represent Custom-Crete at a trial on the merits. On appeal, Custom-Crete asserts that its answer was sufficient to prevent a no-answer default judgment and the trial court erred in denying its motion for new trial because it did not receive forty-five days’ notice of the trial setting. We agree; therefore, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the cause.

BACKGROUND

Appellee, K-Bar Services, Inc., sued Custom-Crete on an alleged oral contract. The petition was served on Custom-Crete’s president, Eric Reinhart. Within the time for filing an answer, William Heath, a Custom-Crete vice president, filed the following letter with the clerk of the court:

To whom it may concern,
I, William Heath, acting as agent for Eric Reinhart, hereby enter a plea of NOT GUILTY! This plea is in [sic] presented to the court in the above styled case. Please inform me of additional requirements as they relate to this case.

The letter was on Custom-Crete letterhead and contained the trial cause number.

On or about April 19, 2001, K-Bar mailed a notice of hearing to Custom-Crete. The notice stated that the purpose of the hearing was a trial on the merits, and indicated a trial date of May 14, 2001. The notice of hearing is file-stamped April 23, 2001.

At the May 14th hearing, K-Bar was represented by counsel, but Heath appeared on behalf of Custom-Crete. When K-Bar informed the trial court that Heath could not ask questions during the hearing or present evidence because he was not an attorney, Heath responded that he “just wanted to bring out that there is no longer a Custom-Crete in Texas, business [sic]. So if they’re going to sue us they need to — we can get a default judgment against Custom-Crete, but there’s nobody there to pay it. There’s no such thing as Custom-Crete, a Texas company.” The trial court then heard evidence only from K-Bar. At the close of K-Bar’s case, the court again asked Heath why he was at the hearing[*658] and Heath stated “Just, I guess, [to] get a feel for whatever’s going on.” The court denied Heath’s request to question K-Bar’s corporate representative, and asked K-Bar’s attorney to prepare a judgment, which the court thought “probably is a default actually.”

On August 28, 2001, before entry of the judgment, Custom-Crete filed a motion for new trial, which was signed by an attorney. On September 10, 2001, Custom-Crete filed an amended answer, signed by an attorney. The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion for new trial on September 17, 2001, and on the same day, signed a default judgment. On September 28, 2001, the trial court denied Custom-Crete’s motion for new trial.

DISCUSSION

Heath’s letter was addressed to and filed with the clerk of the court, included the trial cause number and Custom Crete’s name and address, and denied liability. Although the judgment recites that Custom-Crete failed to file a timely answer, we agree with Custom-Crete that Heath’s letter, although defective, was sufficient to avoid a no-answer default judgment against Custom-Crete. See Smith v. Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d 137, 138 n. 1 (Tex.1992); R.T.A. Int’l, Inc. v. Cano, 915 S.W.2d 149, 150-51 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1996, writ denied); Santex Roofing & Sheet Metal, Inc. v. Venture Steel, Inc., 737 S.W.2d 55, 56-57 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1987, no writ).

K-Bar argues that the judgment, although entitled a “Default Judgment,” was actually a judgment entered after an appearance by Custom-Crete at a trial on the merits. Even if the judgment here is not technically a default judgment, the trial court’s discretion in ruling on Custom-Crete’s motion for new trial is subject to the same standard as that which governs motions for new trial in default cases. See O’Hara v. Hexter, 550 S.W.2d 379, 380-81 (Tex.Civ.App.-Dallas 1977, writ ref'd n.r.e.).

A default judgment should be set aside in any case in which the defendant demonstrates (1) that its failure to answer or appear was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference; (2) that it has a meritorious defense; and (3) that the granting of a new trial will not operate to cause delay or other injury to the plaintiff. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 134 Tex. 388, 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (1939) (no-answer default); see also Director, State Employees Workers’ Comp. Div. v. Evans, 889 S.W.2d 266, 268 (Tex.1994) (post-answer default). The historical trend in default judgment cases is toward the liberal granting of new trials. Miller v. Miller, 903 S.W.2d 45, 47 (Tex.App.-Tyler 1995, no writ). As such, where the elements of the Craddock test are satisfied, it is an abuse of discretion for the trial court to deny the defendant a new trial. Evans, 889 S.W.2d at 268.

Custom-Crete asserts it did not receive the notice required under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 245, which permits the trial court to set contested cases on written request of any party, or on the court’s own motion, with reasonable notice of not less than forty-five days to the parties of a first setting. Tex.R. Civ. P. 245. K-Bar contends that Custom-Crete waived any objection to the lack- of forty-five days’ notice because Heath appeared at the May 14th hearing and said he was ready to proceed. Error resulting from a trial court’s failure to provide parties proper notice under Rule 245 is waived if a party proceeds to trial and fails to object to the lack of notice. In re J.(B.B.) M., 955 S.W.2d 405, 408 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1997, no pet.); State Farm Fire and Cas. [*659] Co. v. Price, 845 S.W.2d 427, 432 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1992, writ dism’d by agr.). A party may waive a complaint by failing to take action when the party receives some, but less than forty-five days’, notice. See Balogh v. Ramos, 978 S.W.2d 696, 699 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1998, pet. denied).

At trial, Heath said he was ready to proceed before the trial court realized he was not an attorney representing Custom-Crete and before the court, correctly, refused to allow him to participate in the trial. Kunstoplast of America, Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex.1996) (generally, a corporation may be represented only by a licensed attorney); Tex.R. Civ. P. 7. Because Heath was not a licensed attorney and therefore could not represent Custom-Crete, his mere presence at trial does not equate to an “appearance” at trial on behalf of Custom-Crete. Furthermore, because he was not an attorney, Heath did not have the right to make representations on behalf of Custom-Crete, including an objection to lack of notice. Therefore, Custom-Crete did not waive its right to proper notice of the trial setting.

Custom-Crete filed an answer; therefore, it was entitled to notice of the trial setting as a matter of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal constitution. LBL Oil Co. v. International Power Serv., Inc., 777 S.W.2d 390, 390-91 (Tex.1989). The forty-five day notice provision of Rule 245 is mandatory. See Smith, 826 S.W.2d at 138; Hardin v. Hardin, 932 S.W.2d 566, 567 (Tex.App.-Tyler 1995, no writ); Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. v. Abbott, 863 S.W.2d 139, 140 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1993, writ denied). A trial court’s failure to comply with Rule 245 in a contested case deprives a party of its constitutional right to be present at the hearing, to voice its objections in an appropriate manner, and results in a violation of fundamental due process. Blanco v. Bolanos, 20 S.W.3d 809, 811 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2000, no pet.). Failure to give the required notice constitutes lack of due process and is grounds for reversal. Id.; Estrada v. Wausau Ins., Co., 985 S.W.2d 480, 482 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1998, pet. denied); see also Bell Helicopter, 863 S.W.2d at 140 (failure to comply with Rule 245 renders any first setting notice ineffectual).

However, we presume that the trial court will hear a case only when notice has been given to the parties. Welborn-Hosler v. Hosler, 870 S.W.2d 323, 328 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, no writ). Thus, the party challenging a trial court judgment for lack of notice has the burden of proving there was no notice, and must produce evidence in addition to an allegation in a motion for new trial. Id. Here, the judgment makes no recitation regarding notice. In support of its motion for new trial, Custom-Crete attached a copy of the trial setting notice, which affirmatively shows that less than forty-five days’ notice was provided.

K-Bar argues that Custom-Crete is not entitled to a new trial because its failure to retain an attorney was intentional and the result of conscious indifference. A corporation that chooses to represent itself through a non-attorney officer does so at its own risk; and to do so may be viewed as negligence. Dell Dev. Corp. v. Best Industrial Uniform Supply Co., 743 S.W.2d 302, 303 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, writ denied). Faced with facts similar to those here, the Dell court held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to sua sponte continue the trial and in denying Dell’s motion for new trial because Dell did not establish that its failure to be represented by coun[*660] sel was not due to its own fault or negligence. Id. We conclude that Dell does not apply here because the Dell court applied a negligence standard, and, assuming the judgment in that case was a default judgment (the opinion does not use the phrase “default judgment”), a negligence standard is improper. Craddock and its progeny require a party to show that its failure to answer or appear was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference. See Ivy v. Carrell, 407 S.W.2d 212, 213-14 (Tex.1966) (rejecting negligence standard in applying Craddock test to setting aside default judgments); Young v. Kirsch, 814 S.W.2d 77, 81 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1991, no writ) (holding that conscious indifference must amount to more than mere negligence to satisfy Craddock rule); O’Hara, 550 S.W.2d at 382 (holding that Craddock test is absence of intentional failure or conscious indifference, not negligence). Therefore, mere negligence on the part of the movant will not support the denial of a new trial in a default judgment situation, and a trial court abuses its discretion by not granting a new trial. See Craddock, 133 S.W.2d at 125-26; Ferguson & Co. v. Roll, 776 S.W.2d 692, 697 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1989, no writ).

In support of its motion for new trial, Custom-Crete attached Heath’s affidavit in which he stated that he attended the May 14th hearing believing he had the right to represent Custom-Crete. Heath’s belief that he could represent Custom-Crete at trial, and ask questions of K-Bar’s representative, negates a finding of intentional conduct or conscious indifference.

Because the record supports Custom-Crete’s allegation that it did not receive forty-five days’ notice, it satisfied the first Craddock factor and it is not obligated to meet the remaining requirements to be entitled to a new trial; thus, it is entitled to have the default judgment set aside. LBL Oil, 777 S.W.2d at 390-91; Lopez, 757 S.W.2d at 723; Hanners v. State Bar of Texas, 860 S.W.2d 903, 907 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1993, no writ). Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the cause for a new trial.