State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692 (Tenn. 1977). · Go Syfert
State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692 (Tenn. 1977). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, 2001–2017 · 2 courts · …any possibility of restraint on liberty at p. 694
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1991 · …under sentence of a court of this state
49 citation events (29 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: State of Tennessee v. Shanessa L. Sokolosky
Treatment trajectory · 1977 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1977 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State of Tennessee v. Shanessa L. Sokolosky
unknown court · 2025 · confidence medium
Instead, it prevents finding mootness in the first place.2 When this Court discussed collateral consequences in Norma Faye, it cited numerous cases that were not in fact moot because collateral consequences remained to one of the parties. 301 S.W.3d at 204 & n.12 (citing May v. Carlton, 245 S.W.3d 340 , 344 & n.3 (Tenn. 2008); State v. McClintock, 732 S.W.2d 268, 272 (Tenn. 1987); State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1977); Parton v. State, 483 S.W.2d 753, 754 (Tenn. 2 We take no position here on whether the other circumstances identified in Norma Faye are properly understood as excepti…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Patrick L. Maliani v. State of Tennessee
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1977). -2- counsel testified that he “made the argument” that the Petitioner was not the “man” referred to by the co-defendant.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Eric Dates v. State of Tennessee (2×) also: Cited "see"
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
Counsel relied on State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1977) and Ledford v. State, 708 S.W.2d 419, 420 (Tenn. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Joseph Floyd v. State of Tennessee (2×)
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Alternatively, the petitioner cites State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1997), Ledford v. State, 708 S.W.2d 419, 420 (Tenn. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) E.C. v. Virginia Dep't of Juvenile Justice
Va. · 2012 · confidence medium
Ct. App. Div. 1983); McDuffie v. Berzzarins, 330 N.E.2d 667, 669 (Ohio 1975); Morasch v. State, 493 P.2d 1364, 1366 (Or. 1972); Commonwealth v. Doria, 364 A.2d 322, 324-25 (Pa. 1976); State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1977); Ex parte Guzman, 551 S.W.2d 387, 388 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Norma Faye Pyles Lynch Family Purpose LLC v. Putnam County
Tenn. · 2009 · confidence medium
See, e.g., May v. Carlton, 245 S.W.3d 340 , 344 & n. 3 (Tenn.2008); State v. McClintock, 732 S.W.2d 268, 272 (Tenn.1987); State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn.1977); Parton v. State, 483 S.W.2d 753, 754 (Tenn.Crim.App.1972). 13 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) May v. Carlton (2×)
Tenn. · 2008 · confidence medium
The right to vote, so precious to Tennesseans during the Reconstruction Era, qualifies today as a fundamental liberty in a representative government and, when illegally abridged, should be restored through the “Great Writ.” 7 Years ago, in State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn.1977), this Court specifically addressed the right to vote as a “restraint on liberty.” McCraw was convicted of extortion in Tennessee and, after completing his sentence, moved to Georgia.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Roger L. Hickman v. State of Tennessee - Dissenting
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
In State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1997), a post- conviction case, our supreme court considered the loss of the right to vote because of a felony conviction to be a “restraint on liberty.” It also quoted from United States Supreme Court cases relative to federal habeas corpus being allowed so long as any collateral legal consequences flow from a conviction, such as, loss of citizenship, the enhancement of future criminal punishment, and evidently impeachment of character.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Christina Mae Stroud v. Jimmy Stroud
Tenn. Ct. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
See Albert v. State, 813 S.W.2d 426, 427 (Tenn. 1991); State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Church v. State
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1998 · confidence medium
In State v, McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn.1977), a post-conviction case, our supreme court considered the loss of the right to vote because of a felony conviction to be a “restraint on liberty.” It also quoted from United States Supreme Court cases relative to federal ha-beas corpus being allowed as long as any collateral legal consequence flows from a conviction, such as, loss of citizenship, enhancement of future criminal punishment, and evi-dentiary impeachment of character.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Watt v. State
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
The term “in custody” has been construed to mean “any possibility of restraint on liberty.” State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn.1977).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Passarella v. State (3×)
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 693 (Tenn.1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. McClintock
Tenn. · 1987 · confidence medium
In State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn.1977), this Court held that “the mere serving of a sentence did not prevent a collateral attack on the conviction” because such a conviction may “be used as a basis for infliction of greater punishment on petitioner as a multiple offender.... ‘[A] criminal case is moot only if it is shown that there is no possibility that any collateral legal consequences will be imposed on the basis of the challenged conviction.’ ” (Citation omitted.) See also Monroe v. State, supra, at 861; Ellison v. State, supra, at 694; Holt v. State, 489 S.W.2d 84…
cited Cited "see" Hickman v. State
Tenn. · 2004 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn.1977); Albert v. State, 813 S.W.2d 426, 427 (Tenn.1991).
cited Cited "see" State v. Masucci
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. McGraw, 551 S.W.2d 692 (Tenn.1977); T.C.A. § 40-30-102 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Roat
Kan. · 2020 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692 (Tenn. 1977), where the Tennessee Supreme Court held that, for purposes of post-conviction relief, the status of being "in custody" for mootness considerations includes any possibility of restraint on liberty, including a bar from voting in another state.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Brandon S. Massengill v. State of Tennessee
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2015 · signal: see also · confidence medium
App. 1971); see also McCraw, 551 S.W.2d at 694 (concluding that the expiration of a sentence does not bar a petitioner’s filing a post-conviction petition).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Roger L. Hickman v. State of Tennessee
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2003 · signal: see also · confidence medium
App. 1976); see also State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tenn. 1977).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hospital Authority v. Bradley County
Tenn. Ct. App. · 2001 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also State v. McCraw, 551 S.W.2d 692 (Tenn.1977) (“in custody” means “any possibility of restraint on liberty”).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
STATE of Tennessee, Petitioner,
v.
Ray McCRAW, Respondent
Tennessee Supreme Court.
Jun 6, 1977.
551 S.W.2d 692
1977 Tenn. LEXIS 531
Brooks McLemore, Jr., Atty. Gen., Michael E. Terry, Asst. Atty. Gen., Nashville, for petitioner., Paul W. Sorrick, Jr., Chattanooga, for respondent.
Fones, Cooper, Henry, Har-Bison, Brock.
Cited by 31 opinions  |  Published

Lead Opinion

OPINION

FONES, Justice.

In 1970, appellant was convicted of extortion and sentenced to serve two (2) years in the penitentiary. He did not appeal this conviction. After fully completing his sentence in 1972, appellant moved to Georgia. Because of his felony conviction in this state, local election officials in Georgia refused to allow him to vote.

Appellant has now brought this suit under the Post-Conviction Relief Act, T.C.A. § 40-3801 et seq., alleging constitutional infirmities in the conduct of his trial, and contending that he suffers civil disabilities as a result of his conviction. Upon motion of the State the trial judge in this case dismissed plaintiff’s action after finding that he was no longer in prison or on parole and thus no longer “in custody” as required by T.C.A. § 40-3802. The trial judge further observed in his order that it does not appear that there was “any judgment of infamy or disenfranchisement in the sentence giving rise to this petition.”

The Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the trial court’s dismissal finding that “ . . . the petitioner is still in custody because he continues to suffer substantial and important collateral consequences of his conviction over and above his sentence to imprisonment.” These consequences are apparently petitioner’s inability to vote in Georgia.

T.C.A. § 40-3802 provides:

“A prisoner in custody under sentence of a court of this state may petition for post-conviction relief under this chapter at any time after he has exhausted his appellate remedies or his time for appeal in the nature of a writ of error has passed and before the sentence has expired or has been fully satisfied.”

This is a case of first impression in this Court. The Court of Criminal Appeals in prior decisions has given very liberal construction to the term “in custody.” See e. g., Holt v. State, 489 S.W.2d 845 (Tenn.Cr.App.1972); Parton v. State, 483 S.W.2d 753 (Tenn.Cr.App.1972); Daugherty v. State, 4 Tenn.Cr.App. 355, 470 S.W.2d 865 (1971).

In Holt, the Court acknowledged that the petitioner had completed his entire sentence but still felt obligated to consider the petition stating:

“However, because burglary and larceny are infamous crimes in this State (TCA § 40-2712) and may also be charged and proved as prior convictions in a prosecution under the Habitual Criminal Statute (TCA § 40-2801 et seq.), which unquestionably are substantial and important collateral consequences of his conviction over and above his sentence to imprisonment, his discharge upon expiration of that term does not disentitle him to question the validity of his conviction ...” 489 S.W.2d at 846, 847.

In Daugherty, the Court did not bother to mention any actual civil disabilities but rather stated that it would review a petition for post-conviction relief after all punishment had been served simply because of the presence of a conviction on petitioner’s record. However, the conviction in Daugherty, like Holt, was for a crime that rendered the convicted defendant infamous.

[*694] The Court of Criminal Appeals has relied on two United States Supreme Court cases in support of their opinions: Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S. 234, 88 S.Ct. 1556, 20 L.Ed.2d 554 (1968) and Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 88 S.Ct. 1889, 20 L.Ed.2d 917 (1965).

In Carafas the Supreme Court ruled that a petition for habeas corpus was not mooted simply because the petitioner had fully served his sentence. In reaching this conclusion the Court overruled Parker v. Ellis, 362 U.S. 574, 80 S.Ct. 909, 4 L.Ed.2d 963 (1960) which had held that the Court could not proceed to adjudicate the merits of the petition after the prisoner was released because the federal habeas corpus statute required that the applicant “be in custody.” The Court in Carafas observed the inequity of Parker stating:

“It is clear that petitioner’s cause is not moot. In consequence of his conviction, he cannot engage in certain businesses; he cannot serve as an official of a labor union for a specified period of time; he cannot vote in any election held in New York State; he cannot serve as a juror. Because of these ‘disabilities or burdens [which] may flow from’ petitioner’s conviction, he has ‘a substantial stake in the judgment of conviction which survives the satisfaction of the sentence imposed on him.’ Fiswick v. United States, 329 U.S. 211, 222, 67 S.Ct. 224, 230, 91 L.Ed. 196, 203 (1946).” 391 U.S. at 237, 88 S.Ct. at 1559.

In Sibron, the Court went further in declaring that the mere serving of a sentence did not prevent a collateral attack on the conviction. After mentioning possibilities that the existence of a conviction could impeach the petitioner’s character at any future criminal trial or be used as a basis for infliction of greater punishment on petitioner as a multiple offender should he be convicted at a later trial, the Court held that “ . . . a criminal case is moot only if it is shown that there is no possibility that any collateral legal consequences will be imposed on the basis of the challenged conviction.” 392 U.S. at 57, 88 S.Ct. at 1900.

On the basis of these two cases the Court of Criminal Appeals was correct in construing the term “in custody” to mean any possibility of restraint on liberty.

The State urges that even if “in custody” means more than presence in prison, or on parole, the petitioner is still not entitled to relief because of the limitation in T.C.A. § 40-3802 that a post-conviction petition may be brought, “before the sentence has expired or has been fully satisfied.” The Court of Criminal Appeals held that this argument would “produce a ludicrous result; the petitioner would be ‘in custody’ under T.C.A. § 40-3802 but without means of obtaining relief . . . ” We agree.

The judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeals is affirmed and the case remanded to the trial court for a hearing on the merits of the petition.

COOPER, C. J., and HENRY and HAR-BISON, JJ., concur. BROCK, J., dissents.

Dissent

BROCK, Justice,

dissenting.

I respectfully dissent.

I cannot stretch the language of T.C.A., § 40-3802, viz., “a prisoner in custody . ” and “ . . . before the sentence has expired or has been fully satisfied,” far enough to reach the appellant, whose sentence expired and was fully satisfied and who was released from custody of the prison years before he filed this claim for relief under the Post-Conviction Procedure Act, T.C.A., § 40-3801, et seq.

The Legislature, in my opinion, has not extended the benefits of this Act to every person who has ever been convicted in the criminal courts of this State and who continues to suffer some detrimental effect from such conviction, apart from the sentence imposed, even effects imposed by the laws of another state, such as respondent’s loss of the right to vote in Georgia. Instead, the Act is limited to “prisoner(s) in custody.” The American Heritage Diction[*695] ary of the English Language defines “custody” as:

“ . . .2. The state of being kept or guarded. 3. The state of being detained or held under guard, especially by the police.”

The same authority defines “prisoner” as:

“1. A person held in custody, captivity, or a condition of forcible restraint, especially while on trial or serving a prison sentence. 2. One deprived of freedom of action or expression.”

Not only is the Act out of reach of the respondent because he is not a prisoner and is not in custody, the detriment which he suffers and upon the basis of which the majority finds a remnant of “custody,” i. e., his ineligibility to vote in Georgia, is not imposed by his Tennessee sentence or otherwise by Tennessee law, but by the laws of Georgia.

Admittedly, the majority cites respectable authority from other jurisdictions, but, in my view, the question is purely one of legislative intent as expressed by the language of the statute, as to which court decisions of other jurisdictions involving different statutes are not persuasive.

Accordingly, I would reverse and dismiss the petition.