Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 486 N.W.2d 61 (Mich. Ct. App. 1992). · Go Syfert
Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 486 N.W.2d 61 (Mich. Ct. App. 1992). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
31 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Kinch v. Pinnacle Foods Group LLC (mied, 2017-07-17)
Treatment trajectory · 1992 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1992 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 11 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kinch v. Pinnacle Foods Group LLC
E.D. Mich. · 2017 · confidence medium
“The concept of at-will employment means -not only that the employer, if it' so chooses, may provide a disciplinary system" and may terminate only for cause, but also that the employer may terminate for any other reason if the employer believes that is in the best interests of the employer.” Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 194 Mich.App. 239 , 486 N.W.2d 61, 63 (Mich. Ct. App. 1992); see also Rowe v. Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc., 437 Mich. 627 , 473 N.W.2d 268, 275 (1991) (nothing in the “ ‘Rules of Personal Conduct’ created a contract to terminate only,for cause!’ .and “[njothing in …
cited Cited as authority (rule) Patricia Barachkov v. Linda Davis
6th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 194 Mich.App. 239 , 486 N.W.2d 61, 62-63 (1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Donald Mannix v. County of Monroe
6th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
See Rood, 507 N.W.2d at 608 (“A nonexclusive list of common-sense rules of behavior that can lead to disciplinary action or discharge ... clearly reserves the right of an employer to discharge an employee at will.”); Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 194 Mich.App. 239 , 486 N.W.2d 61, 62 (1992) (“Plaintiffs *535 reliance in this case on the disciplinary scheme established in the employment manual does not establish a promise of termination for just cause only.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mannix v. Monroe Cnty
6th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
Therefore, Mannix’s claim can be rejected without Hotel Corp., 486 N.W.2d 61, 62 (Mich. Ct. App. 1992) further inquiry. (“Plaintiff’s reliance in this case on the disciplinary scheme established in the employment manual does not establish a But even if Mannix’s employment contract had been silent promise of termination for just cause only.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cole v. Knoll, Inc. (2×)
W.D. Mich. · 1997 · confidence medium
Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 194 Mich.App. 239 , 486 N.W.2d 61, 62 (1992).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Vickie Mitchell v. White Castle Systems, Inc.
6th Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 486 N.W.2d 61, 63 (Mich.Ct.App.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Donald E. Bailey v. Dover Elevator Company
6th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
See Baggs v. Eagle-Picher Indus., Inc., 957 F.2d 268 , 271-72 (6th Cir.) (employee handbook providing for fair treatment and a progressive discipline system did not create jury question as to whether plaintiff could be discharged only for cause because handbook never expressly stated that employees would be discharged only for cause; relying on Rowe ), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 466 (1992); Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 486 N.W.2d 61, 63 (Mich.App.1992) (fact that defendant had established disciplinary system for its employees and required plaintiff to abide by it in his dealings with subordinates…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brocklehurst v. PPG Industries, Inc.
E.D. Mich. · 1993 · confidence medium
Similarly, in Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 194 Mich.App. 239 , 486 N.W.2d 61, 62-63 (1992), the Michigan Court of Appeals also held that a disciplinary scheme which did not state it was exclusive did not modify an at-will employment relationship.
cited Cited "see" Marc S Throop v. Gull Lake Community Schools
Mich. Ct. App. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
See Biggs v Hilton Hotel Corp, 194 Mich App 239, 241-242 ; 486 NW2d 61 (1992).
cited Cited "see" James v. City of Burton
Mich. Ct. App. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Biggs v Hilton Hotel Corp, 194 Mich App 239, 241 ; 486 NW2d 61 (1992).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Antunes v. Gerdau MacSteel, Inc.
E.D. Mich. · 2022 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Courts have found that the type of language in the offer letter at issue in this case constitutes a declaration of at will employment—even if it does not use the exact term “at will.” See, e.g., Elsey, 917 F.2d at 260 (finding that a policy manual’s statement that “employees and employer have the right to terminate employment at any time for any circumstance, and for any reasons that are attributed by the employer or employee” was “an explicit declaration of at-will employment”); see also Biggs v. Hilton Hotel Corp., 486 N.W.2d 61, 63 (explaining that, because Michigan law pres…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Biggs
v.
Hilton Hotel Corporation
Docket 131470.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
May 14, 1992.
486 N.W.2d 61
Sommers, Schwartz, Silver & Schwartz, P.C. (by Joseph A. Golden and Lionel J. Postic), for the plaintiff., Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather & Geraldson (by John W. Powers, Kathleen M. Paravola and Jeffrey C. Kauffman), for the defendant.
Sawyer, Gillis, Kelly.
Cited by 15 opinions  |  Published

Lead Opinion

Per Curiam.

Plaintiff appeals from an order of the circuit court granting summary disposition in favor of defendant on plaintiff’s wrongful discharge claim. Summary disposition was granted pursuant to MCR 2.116(0(10) (no genuine issue of material fact). We affirm.

Plaintiff was employed by defendant as the director of housekeeping of the Novi Hilton. Plaintiff began his employment on February 19, 1988, and was discharged approximately eight months later, apparently because of poor work performance. Plaintiff contends that the terms of his employment with defendant provided for termination only for "just cause” and that, pursuant to the provisions of an employee policy manual issued by defendant, the appropriate level of discipline would have been a verbal or written warning concerning plaintiff’s deficiencies in performance rather than termination. Defendant maintains that plaintiff was an at-will employee. We agree with the trial court that there is no genuine issue of material fact that plaintiff was other than an at-will employee.

This case may be resolved by considering the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Rowe v Montgomery Ward & Co, Inc, 437 Mich 627; 473 NW2d 268 (1991). As the Court explained in Rowe, contracts for permanent employment are for an indefinite period of time and are presumptively construed to provide for employment at will. Id. at 636. The employee may overcome this presumption by proof of an express contract for a definite term or a provision forbidding discharge in the absence of just cause, or by proof that there was a promise implied in fact of employment security, such as[*241] employment for a particular period of time or to terminate only for just cause. Id. Plaintiffs reliance in this case on the disciplinary scheme established in the employment manual does not establish a promise of termination for just cause only. Nothing in the employment manual states that an employee would not be terminated except for one of the reasons listed in the disciplinary section. This is similar to the facts in Rowe, where the employment manual listed prohibited conduct that would result in dismissal but did not suggest that the enumerated conduct was the only basis for dismissal. The Court concluded that this was not evidence that would form a reasonable basis for finding a promise of job security. Id. at 645.

Furthermore, the employment manual at issue explicitly stated that it was not an employment contract, but only a guideline of the policies and benefits provided by defendant. We do not find it to be of any moment that the manual may not have explicitly stated that employment was at-will and that termination was not limited to those instances where just cause is shown. As stated above, the presumption is that employment is at-will, and the proper inquiry is whether the employer, through its employment manual or otherwise, made representations or promises that termination would be only for just cause. No such representations were contained in this employment manual, and the manual did, in fact, explicitly state that it was not a contract but merely a guideline.

The fact that defendant had established a disciplinary system for its employees and, apparently, obligated plaintiff to abide by that disciplinary system in dealing with his subordinates does not establish unequivocally plaintiffs position that he was a just-cause employee rather than an at-will[*242] employee. Certainly, it is not unreasonable to expect that an employer, particularly one such as defendant that employs a large number of individuals, would want a systematic method of dealing with its employees and would provide a consistent set of guidelines under which its managers would deal with subordinates. This does not mean that by doing so an employer establishes just-cause employment rather than at-will employment. The concept of at-will employment means not only that the employer, if it so chooses, may provide a disciplinary system and may terminate only for cause, but also that the employer may terminate for any other reason if the employer believes that that is in the best interests of the employer. Indeed, in this respect, we once again return to Rowe and note that even in Rowe the employer had created a disciplinary system for dealing with its employees, but the Supreme Court nevertheless concluded that the employee could not harbor any legitimate expectation of a policy of discharge for cause by the employer. Id. at 651.

With respect to any oral representations made during the preemployment interview, we are also unpersuaded that any such representations form the basis for finding a just-cause contract in this case. Oral statements of job security must be clear and unequivocal to overcome the presumption of employment at will. Id. at 644. The oral statements related by plaintiff in his brief were comments made during preemployment interviews by the general manager to the effect that he saw plaintiff as a person who would go places with the Hilton Corporation and that he felt the relationship would be a good one in which there would be an opportunity to grow and maintain some type of long-term relationship. We fail to see how these comments could induce a belief by plaintiff that[*243] termination would be for just cause only. Rather, they merely reflect the general manager’s belief that plaintiff would be an appropriate person to hire and that he was optimistic about plaintiff’s future performance and ability to advance with the company. Certainly, one would not expect the general manager to hire as his director of housekeeping someone whom he expected to have poor job performance and to be terminated within a year. Id. at 640 (an orally grounded contractual obligation for permanent employment must be based on more than an expression of a hope for a long-term relationship).

For the above reasons, we conclude that plaintiff has failed to bring forth any facts to support his claim that he was a just-cause employee and, therefore, the trial court properly granted summary disposition in favor of defendant. In light of this resolution, we need not consider plaintiff’s other argument, whether there was a question of material fact concerning whether defendant had just cause to discharge plaintiff.

Affirmed. Defendant may tax costs.

Concurrence

Marilyn Kelly, J.

(concurring). I concur in the result only. The trial court should be affirmed on the basis that there was just cause to discharge plaintiff, and no genuine issue of material fact existed to prevent summary disposition.