Commonwealth v. Seiders, 614 A.2d 689 (Pa. 1992). · Go Syfert
Commonwealth v. Seiders, 614 A.2d 689 (Pa. 1992). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
92 citation events (46 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Commonwealth v. Cousar (pa, 2007-08-21)
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Commonwealth v. Cousar (12×) also: Cited as authority (quoted), Cited "see"
Pa. · 2007 · quote attribution · 4 verbatim quotes · confidence high
it is essential, both to the accused and to our system of criminal justice, that an accused obtain a trial on the specific charges against him and that he not be convicted on grounds that he possesses a criminal nature.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Watkins
Pa. · 2003 · confidence medium
It may be admitted for various legitimate purposes, however, including to demonstrate motive or malice, see Commonwealth v. LaCava, 542 Pa. 160, 176 , 666 A.2d 221, 229 (1995); Commonwealth v. Lark, 518 Pa. 290, 303 , 543 A.2d 491, 497 (1988), so long as its probative value outweighs its prejudicial effect, see Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992), and an appropriate cautionary instruction is given.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Paddy
Pa. · 2002 · confidence medium
The same evidence may be admissible for various legitimate purposes, however, provided that its probative value outweighs the prejudicial effect likely to result from its admission, see Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992), and an appropriate limiting instruction is *69 given, see Commonwealth v. Rollins, 525 Pa. 335, 344 , 580 A.2d 744, 748 (1990); Commonwealth v. Claypool, 508 Pa. 198, 206 , 495 A.2d 176, 179 (1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Spotz
Pa. · 1998 · confidence medium
Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Ellis
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1997 · confidence medium
The Supreme Court of this Commonwealth has held that “the admission of evidence is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the trial court, and an appellate court may reverse only on a showing that the trial court abused its discretion.” Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Russell
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1995 · confidence medium
The Supreme Court of this Commonwealth has held that “the admission of evidence is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the trial court, and an appellate court may reverse only upon a showing that the trial court abused its discretion.” Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992); Commonwealth v. Claypool, 508 Pa. 198 , 495 A.2d 176 (1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Lytle
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1995 · confidence medium
Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Gordon (4×)
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1994 · confidence medium
Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 596 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992); Commonwealth v. Smith, 431 Pa.Super. 91, 96 , 635 A.2d 1086, 1089 (1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wiley ex rel. Wiley v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co.
3rd Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592 , 614 A.2d 689, 690-91 (1992). .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wiley v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co.
3rd Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592 , 614 A.2d 689, 690-91 (1992) 5 With the decision in Weetman, courts in the following seventeen states had adopted the majority approach: Alaska (federal diversity prediction), Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma (federal diversity prediction), Pennsylvania (federal diversity prediction), Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
discussed Cited "see" Com. v. Mallory, C.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth v. Seiders, [] 614 A.2d 689, 692 ([Pa.] 1992) (awarding the defendant a new trial where the defendant’s previous sexual assault convictions were admitted in his trial for sexual assault and - 26 - J-S54034-17 no exception permitting the introduction of such evidence applied).
discussed Cited "see" Com. v. Trifiro, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth v. Seiders, 614 A.2d 689, 692 (Pa. 1992) (holding that prior sexual assault of a child was not admissible as proof of defendant’s motive to seek sexual gratification by assaulting ____________________________________________ 5 The Ohio conviction required proof that the victim was not Appellant’s spouse only because Ohio still retains spousal immunity to the crime of gross sexual imposition as charged against Appellant.
examined Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Romero (4×)
Pa. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592 , 614 A.2d 689, 691 (1992); see also Pa.R.E. 404(b)(2), (3).
discussed Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Holder (2×)
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592 , 614 A.2d 689 (1992).
examined Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Moore (4×)
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Commonwealth v. Seiders, 531 Pa. 592, 597 , 614 A.2d 689, 692 (1992)(awarding the defendant a new trial where the defendant's previous sexual assault convictions were admitted in his trial for sexual assault and no exception permitting the introduction of such evidence applied).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." People v. Wilson (2×)
Ill. · 2005 · signal: see also · confidence low
App. 3d 442, 448 (2002) (other-crimes evidence is relevant in a specific-intent sexual assault prosecution to prove defendant’s intent or lack of an innocent frame of mind, distinguishing other cases to the contrary on the basis that those cases involved child victims); United States v. Monzon , 869 F.2d 338, 344 (7th Cir. 1989) (intent is always at issue when the crime charged requires proof of specific intent, but in this case the proffered other-crimes evidence was inadmissible because nothing showed that it was relevant to that intent); see also Commonwealth v. Seiders , 531 Pa. 592, 596…
examined Cited "see, e.g." People v. Wilson (4×)
Ill. · 2005 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., People v. Deenadayalu, 331 Ill.App.3d 442, 448 , 265 Ill.Dec. 285 , 772 N.E.2d 323 (2002) (other-crimes evidence is relevant in a specific-intent sexual assault prosecution to prove defendant's intent or lack of an innocent frame of mind, distinguishing other cases to the contrary on the basis that those cases involved child victims); United States v. Monzon, 869 F.2d 338, 344 (7th Cir.1989) (intent is always at issue when the crime charged requires proof of specific intent, but in this case the proffered other-crimes evidence was inadmissible because nothing showed that it was rele…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, Appellee,
v.
Robert S. SEIDERS, Sr., Appellant
76 M.D. Appeal Docket 1991.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Sep 16, 1992.
614 A.2d 689
1992 Pa. LEXIS 452
Joseph C. Messics, for appellant., Bradford H. Charles, Dist. Atty., for appellee.
Nix, Larsen, Flaherty, Zappala, Papadakos, Cappy.
Cited by 32 opinions  |  Published
1 passages pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: #23,793 of 633,719
Citer courts: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (2)

OPINION OF THE COURT

LARSEN, Justice.

Appellant, Robert S. Seiders, Sr., was convicted by a jury of statutory rape, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, corruption of a minor, indecent assault and endangering the welfare of children. Post-trial motions.were filed and denied, and Superior Court affirmed the judgment of sentence. 411 Pa.Super. 669, 593 A.2d 915. The sole issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred in admitting evidence of appellant’s prior convictions for sexual offenses.

The relevant facts are as follows. Six year-old Reyna Gonzales spent the weekend of June 24, 1989, at appellant’s home. Appellant, fifty-two at the time, was a close family friend known to Reyna and her family as “Uncle Pete.” During the course of the weekend, appellant placed his finger inside Reyna’s vagina, placed his erect penis against her vagina, had her hold his penis with her hand and placed his penis inside her mouth.

At trial the Commonwealth was permitted, over objection, to present evidence that appellant had been convicted of indecent assault and endangering the welfare of children less[*595] than two years before the instant offenses. The earlier convictions arose from incidents involving two sisters, ages six and seven, in June, 1987.

The often-stated rule in Pennsylvania governing evidence of other crimes is that such evidence is not admissible solely to show a defendant’s bad character or propensity for continuing criminal acts. [1] Commonwealth v. Billa, 521 Pa. 168, 555 A.2d 835 (1989). At the core of the general rule is what Wigmore termed “a peculiar Anglo-American solicitude for the accused.” I J. Wigmore, A Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 194 at 646 (3d ed. 1940). It is essential, both to the accused and to our system of criminal justice, that an accused obtain a trial on the specific charges against him and that he not be convicted on grounds that he possesses a criminal nature. Balancing these considerations with the concern that important probative evidence not be excluded out of hand, the courts have carved out numerous exceptions to this general rule. Thus, evidence of other crimes may be admitted where there is a legitimate evidentiary purpose for such evidence.

Some of the exceptions recognized by this Court as legitimate bases for admitting evidence of a defendant’s distinct crimes include, but are not limited to, 1) motive; 2) intent; 3) absence of mistake or accident; 4) a common scheme, plan or design embracing commission of two or more crimes so related to each other that proof of one naturally tends to prove the others; or 5) to establish identity of the person charged with the commission of the crime on trial where there is such a logical connection between the crimes that proof of one will naturally tend to show that the accused is the person who committed the other; 6) to impeach the credibility of a defendant who testifies in his trial; 7) situations where a defendant’s prior criminal history had[*596] been used by Mm to threaten or intimidate the victim; 8) situations where the distinct crimes were part of a chain or sequence of events which formed the history of the case and were part of its natural development ... (citations omitted).

Billa, supra, at 521 Pa. 177, 555 A.2d 835.

The admission of evidence is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the trial court, and an appellate court may reverse only upon a showing that the trial court abused its discretion. Commonwealth v. Claypool, 508 Pa. 198, 495 A.2d 176 (1985). In determining whether evidence of other crimes is admissible, the trial court must balance the probative value of such evidence against its prejudicial impact. Commonwealth v. Lark, 518 Pa. 290, 543 A.2d 491 (1988). Instantly, the evidence of appellant’s prior convictions was offered to show “a common scheme, a common motive, that being pedophilia.” (N.T. 12/4/89, p. 9). With respect to this common scheme, plan or design exception, Superior Court held that the crimes were not so related to each that proof of one naturally tended to prove the other. In reaching this conclusion, the court cited the sparse testimony regarding appellant’s prior offenses'. However, Superior Court did hold that the evidence was relevant “to a showing of appellant’s motive/intent in committing the instant crimes.” (Memorandum Opirnon, 3/11/91 at p. 5).

In considering whether the probative value of the challenged evidence was relevant to the issue of intent, Superi- or Court determined that the prior crimes were relevant “to show that appellant intended to sexually assault the instant victim.” Superior Court erred in tMs holding since intent was not at issue in this case. “Determination of the relevancy of evidence offered at trial requires a two-step analysis. It must be determined first if the inference sought to be raised by the evidence bears upon a matter in issue in the case, and, second, whether the evidence renders the desired inference more probable than it would without the evidence, (emphasis added) (citations omitted).” Commonwealth v. Thornton, 494 Pa. 260, 431 A.2d 248 (1981). Intent is not an element of the offenses with which appellant was charged. Moreover, appel[*597] lant did not predicate his defense at trial on grounds that any physical contact with the victim was innocent or accidental; rather, appellant denied that the criminal conduct in question ever took place.

With regard to the admissibility of evidence of other crimes to show present motive, such evidence must logically relate to the defendant’s reason or purpose in committing the crime charged. Thus, in Commonwealth v. Martin, 479 Pa. 63, 387 A.2d 835 (1978), evidence that the victim had hit the defendant with a chair to stop the defendant from beating another with a shotgun was admissible to show the defendant’s motive in killing the victim thirteen days later. Similarly, in Commonwealth v. Banks, 513 Pa. 318, 521 A.2d 1 (1987) cert. denied 484 U.S. 873, 108 S.Ct. 211, 98 L.Ed.2d 162 (1987), evidence that one of the murder victims had been slapped by the defendant and accused of planning to leave him was admissible to show the defendant’s motive in later killing her. The connection between the prior acts and the charged offenses is clear in both of these cases since the prior acts shed light upon the possible motive in committing the crimes charged. Here, Superior Court found that evidence of appellant’s prior crimes was relevant to show appellant’s motive of receiving sexual gratification from young girls in the six and seven year age range. While sexual gratification is a common motive to both the prior crimes and the instant crimes, the requisite causal connection is absent. Accordingly, the evidence of the prior crimes was inadmissible to prove motive.

Because there was no legitimate evidentiary basis for admitting testimony of appellant’s prior convictions, it was error to admit such evidence. Appellant is entitled to a new trial. The order of Superior Court is reversed.

1

. Although this rule is generally stated in terms of "other crimes,” the rule actually encompasses other crimes and/or violent acts. See Commonwealth v. Lark, 518 Pa. 290, 543 A.2d 491 (1988). See also L. Packel & A. Poulin, Pennsylvania Evidence § 405, at p. 159 (1987) (discussing this general rule in terms of "other crimes, wrongs or acts”).