Herbert W. Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182 (4th Cir. 1976). · Go Syfert
Herbert W. Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182 (4th Cir. 1976). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
221 citation events (155 in the last 25 years) across 13 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Brooks v. USA-2255 (mdd, 2024-11-15)
Treatment trajectory · 1977 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1977 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Brooks v. USA-2255
D. Maryland · 2024 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
defendant will not be allowed to recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States of America v. Antonio Davis
D. Maryland · 2026 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States of America v. Summer Nichole McCroskey
D. Maryland · 2026 · confidence medium
A petitioner may not “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Court of Appeals on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Maynor v. USA 2255 (2×)
D. Maryland · 2025 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Graham v. USA-2255
D. Maryland · 2025 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Graves v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2024 · confidence medium
A. Prosecutor’s Comments It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding crim…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Graves v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2024 · confidence medium
A. Prosecutor’s Comments It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding crim…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Blanks v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2024 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2024 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Powell v. USA-2255
D. Maryland · 2024 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Clemons v. USA-2255 (2×)
D. Maryland · 2024 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. USA 2255
D. Maryland · 2024 · confidence medium
And a defendant will not “be allowed to recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (citing Herman v. United States, 227 F.2d 332 (4th Cir. 1955)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Foster v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2024 · confidence medium
To satisfy the prejudice prong, the petitioner must show that: (1) “the [suppression] motion was meritorious and likely would have been granted, and (2) a reasonable probability that granting the motion would have affected the outcome of his trial.” Grueninger, 813 F.3d at 525 . a) Video i) Fifth Amendment It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Alexander v. USA-2255 (2×)
D. Maryland · 2023 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Henry v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2023 · confidence medium
United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396-97 (4th Cir. 2009); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (per curiam).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Collins v. United States
S.D.W. Va · 2022 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Marsh v. United States
N.D.W. Va. · 2022 · confidence medium
No. 268) and cannot now “recast[] [them] under the guise of a collateral attack.” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
cited Cited as authority (rule) DeVaughn v. United States
N.D.W. Va. · 2022 · confidence medium
No. 215 at 6-7), they cannot be “recast[] under the guise of a collateral attack.” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Holmes v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2022 · confidence medium
DISCUSSION It is well settled that a petitioner cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009); see United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling … on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenges in a § 2255 motion.”); United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Davis v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2022 · confidence medium
Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n.7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” claims “already addressed and rejected on direct appeal” in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (holding that a criminal defendant cannot “recast, ‘under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court” on direct appeal).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sabatino v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2021 · confidence medium
See Dyess, 730 F.3d at 360 (a criminal defendant may not “circumvent a 15 proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.”); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding that a criminal defendant cannot “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court [on direct appeal]”); United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Scott v. United States
N.D.W. Va. · 2021 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Williams v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2021 · confidence medium
See United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court [on direct appeal]”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Atkinson v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2021 · confidence medium
As noted above, it is well-settled that a § 2255 motion is not a vehicle to circumvent a proper ruling on appeal, United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013), and a defendant will not “be allowed to recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (citing Herman v. United States, 227 F.2d 332 (4th Cir. 1955)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rambert-Hairston v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2021 · confidence medium
United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.”) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “recast, under the guise…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Labastida v. USA-2255
D. Maryland · 2021 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Yelizarer v. USA-2255
D. Maryland · 2021 · confidence medium
As noted above, it is well-settled that a § 2255 motion is not a vehicle to circumvent a proper ruling on appeal, United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013), and a defendant will not “be allowed to recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (citing Herman v. United States, 227 F.2d 332 (4th Cir. 1955)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Tate v. United States of America
W.D. Va. · 2021 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Boker v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
DISCUSSION It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (holding criminal defendant …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sammons v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2020 · confidence medium
As noted above, it is well-settled that a § 2255 motion is not a vehicle to circumvent a proper ruling on appeal, United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013), and a defendant will not “be allowed to recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (citing Herman v. United States, 227 F.2d 332 (4th Cir. 1955)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Freeman v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “re…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Barnett v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
(K) Career Offender Designation It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” Dyess, 730 F.3d at 360 (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “recas…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Gill v. USA - 2255 (3×)
D. Maryland · 2020 · confidence medium
A § 2255 motion does not enable the defendant to “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by [the Circuit Court on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Grant v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Suleitopa v. USA-2255
D. Maryland · 2020 · confidence medium
As the Court said in Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976), a petitioner “will not be allowed to recast, under the guise of a collateral attack, questions fully considered” and decided on direct appeal.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pickering v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
See United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.”) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Osborne v. United States
S.D.W. Va · 2020 · confidence medium
Defendant is barred from pursuing claims on collateral review that were previously litigated in his direct appeal. , 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976); , 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n.7 (4th Cir. 2004).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Stewart v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2020 · confidence medium
As the Court said in Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976), a petitioner “will not be allowed to recast, under the guise of a collateral attack, questions fully considered” and decided on direct appeal.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Keith v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “re…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rand v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “re…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hale v. United States (2×) also: Cited "see"
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court [on direct appeal].” Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976); United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009) (a defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.”); see United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the l…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brown v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · confidence medium
See United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (it is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Curry v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2019 · confidence medium
It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “re…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chambers v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2019 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court [on direct appeal]”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Alexander v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2019 · confidence medium
DISCUSSION It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant c…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Grier v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2019 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976); see also Anderson v. United States, 468 F. Supp. 2d 780, 785 (D.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Brooks v. United States
S.D.W. Va · 2019 · confidence medium
Defendant is barred from pursuing that claim on collateral review because it was previously litigated. , 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976); , 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n.7 (4th Cir. 2004).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Thomas v. USA-2255 (3×) also: Cited "see"
D. Maryland · 2019 · confidence medium
On a § 2255 motion, a defendant cannot “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered on direct appeal.” Boeckenhapt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lloyd v. USA - 2255
D. Maryland · 2019 · confidence medium
Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir. 1976) (per curiam) (stating that a defendant may not “recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court [on direct appeal]”); ECF Nos. 73; 119-1 at 16–18.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Linney v. United States
W.D.N.C. · 2019 · confidence medium
“It is well settled that a criminal defendant cannot “circumvent a proper ruling ... on direct appeal by re-raising the same challenge in a § 2255 motion.” United States v. Dyess, 730 F.3d 354, 360 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting United States v. Linder, 552 F.3d 391, 396 (4th Cir. 2009)); see also United States v. Roane, 378 F.3d 382 , 396 n. 7 (4th Cir. 2004) (noting that, absent “any change in the law,” defendants “cannot relitigate” previously decided issues in a § 2255 motion); Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 537 F.2d 1182, 1183 (4th Cir.1976) (holding criminal defendant cannot �…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Herbert W. BOECKENHAUPT, Appellant,
v.
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee
75-1638.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
Apr 19, 1976.
537 F.2d 1182
1976 U.S. App. LEXIS 11737
Herbert W. Boeckenhaupt, pro se., James R. Hubbard, Asst. U. S. Atty., Alexandria, Va., for appellee.
Haynsworth, Boreman, Winter.
Cited by 168 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM:

Herbert W. Boeckenhaupt, a former sergeant in the Air Force, was convicted in 1967 for violation of the federal espionage statutes. [1] Count one of the indictment had charged him with conspiracy to deliver and transmit to a foreign government (the Soviet Union) information relating to the national defense of the United States and count two had alleged that he participated in a conspiracy to obtain national defense information. Boeckenhaupt was given consecutive twenty and ten year sentences under counts one and two, respectively. His conviction was affirmed by this court on March 1, 1968. Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 4th Cir., 392 F.2d 24, cert. denied, 393 U.S. 896, 89 S.Ct. 162, 21 L.Ed.2d 177.

In the present action, under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, Boeckenhaupt alleges numerous errors of constitutional magnitude which he contends warrant a reversal of his conviction. He first contends (1) he was arrested without probable cause, (2) officials of the Office of Special Investigation (an Air Force investigative unit) had no jurisdiction to detain him once they had transported him off of the military reservation in the company of agents of the F.B.I., and (3) the imposition of consecutive sentences was unlawful under the “same evidence” rule. The district court determined that each of these issues had previously been decided by this court in Boeckenhaupt’s direct appeal. Boeckenhaupt earnestly argues that these issues raised in the present appeal are different in substance from the allegations which he unsuccessfully presented upon direct appeal. We agree with the district court that the three issues stated above have been previously decided by this court, and therefore Boeckenhaupt will not be allowed to recast, under the guise of collateral attack, questions fully considered by this court in 1968. Herman v. United States, 4th Cir., 227 F.2d 332.

We now treat several issues raised by Boeckenhaupt for the first time in his petition. Boeckenhaupt contends that all evidence obtained as a result of his initial arrest should have been suppressed because Air Force Regulation 205-57 (under which he was originally arrested and charged) is unconstitutional. Regulation 205-57 simply requires that military personnel who have had a contact with an agent of a foreign government disclose this fact to their superiors. Boeckenhaupt argues that the regulation requires that an individual incriminate himself and is therefore unconstitutional. The very same attack on the constitutional validity of Regulation 205-57 was rejected in Kauffman v. Secretary of the Air Force, 135 U.S.App.D.C. 1, 415 F.2d 991, cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1013, 90 S.Ct. 572, 24 L.Ed.2d 505. Moreover, regardless of the outcome of a direct challenge to the constitutionality of the regulation, where an arrest is based on good faith enforcement of a previously valid regulation, that arrest is not invalid when the regulation is later declared unconstitutional. See, e. g. United States v. Dameron, 5th Cir., 460 F.2d 294. Since in the case at bar there has been no allegation of bad faith on the part of the arresting officers, we think Boeckenhaupt’s argument in this regard is meritless.

Boeckenhaupt next argues that a federal court lacked jurisdiction to try and convict him because exclusive military jurisdiction had attached upon his initial arrest by Air Force officials under Regulation 205-57. The record reveals that after his arrest by military officials, the F.B.I. requested that the appellant be delivered to civilian authorities so that he could face charges of espionage under the federal criminal code. The 205-57 proceedings were thereafter terminated. We agree with the district court that military jurisdiction is not exclusive and that the procedures followed in the present case were not irregular in any way. 10 U.S.C. § 814 in fact sanctions such a practice.

Appellant contends that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel because[*1184] the arresting agencies and the military commanders refused to disclose to his appointed counsel the exact nature of the charges lodged against him until four days after his arrest. The record specifically contradicts Boeckenhaupt’s assertion, and we noted in our earlier decision that he was advised, when arrested on October 24, 1966, that he was under arrest for violation of Air Force Regulation 205-57 and that he was further advised that he was under investigation for violation of federal espionage statutes. Boeckenhaupt v. United States, 392 F.2d at 25-26.

The final issue presented by Boeckenhaupt is meritless and requires no extended discussion. He contends that the government suppressed evidence at his trial and is continuing to suppress evidence that would require a reversal of his conviction. He offers little to support this bald allegation other than the observation that the government subpoenaed numerous witnesses from distant places and then chose not to call them to the stand to testify. He asks this court to infer that the witnesses were not called because the government realized that they would contradict the testimony that the government did choose to present. However, we may not hold that the government illegally suppressed evidence on the basis of speculation.

We have carefully considered each of the various arguments advanced by the appellant and have concluded that an affirmance of the judgment below is proper.

AFFIRMED.