Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. 2005). · Go Syfert
Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. 2005). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
96 citation events (96 in the last 25 years) across 11 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Ramirez v. Killian (txnd, 2022-09-30)
Treatment trajectory · 2005 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2005 2015 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Ramirez v. Killian
N.D. Tex. · 2022 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
even if the government official's conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Wright v. Harahan City
E.D. La. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
there is perhaps no subset of matters of public concern more important than bringing official misconduct to light.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Danielle Rollo v. Plaquemines Port Harbor and Terminal District and Charles Tillotson
E.D. La. · 2026 · confidence medium
Wallace v. Cnty of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Clemente Javier Aguirre-Jarquin v. Robert Hemmert
11th Cir. · 2025 · confidence medium
The exercise of pendent jurisdiction “is only proper in rare and unique circumstances where a final appealable order is inextrica- bly intertwined with an unappealable order or where review of the unappealable order is necessary to ensure meaningful review of the appealable order.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005) (citing Thornton v. Gen.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mark Johnson v. Clarksdale Public Utilities Commission, George Miller, Sr., and Donald Mitchell
N.D. Miss. · 2025 · confidence medium
“The doctrine of qualified immunity shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Richard Burt v. President of University of Florida
11th Cir. · 2025 · confidence medium
Workers, 905 F.2d 35 , 36–37 (2d Cir. 1990); Weber v. McGrogan, 939 F.3d 232 , 239–40 (3d Cir. 2019); Britt, 45 F.4th at 797–98 n.9; Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 291 (5th Cir. 2005); Azar v. Conley, 480 F.2d 220, 223 (6th Cir. 1973); Otis v. City of Chicago, 29 F.3d 1159, 1166 (7th Cir. 1994) (en banc); Sapp v. City of Brooklyn Park, 825 F.3d 931, 935 (8th Cir. 2016); WMX Techs., 104 F.3d at 1136; Landmark Land Co. of Okla., Inc. v. Buchanan, 874 F.2d 717 , 720 (10th Cir. 1989), abrogated on other grounds by Fed.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Reader v. Graham
W.D. Tex. · 2025 · confidence medium
Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982); Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hill, Sr. v. City of Monahans
W.D. Tex. · 2025 · confidence medium
“The doctrine of qualified immunity shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate a clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Young v. The City of Irving
N.D. Tex. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walker v. Hoffman
N.D. Tex. · 2025 · confidence medium
The “decision does not prevent the lower courts from following the Saucier procedure; it simply recognizes that those courts should have the discretion to decide whether that procedure is worthwhile in particular cases.” Id. at 242 . - 7 - nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005) (citing Hare v. City of Corinth, 135 F.3d 320 , 325 (5th Cir. 1998) (en banc)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Martin v. Bill Clements Unit Officers
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005) (internal marks omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lewis v. Dallas County
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Johnson v. Dallas County Hospital District
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
Plaintiffs’ have not sufficiently pled constructive discharge, their claims also fail on the first prong of qualified immunity— “whether the plaintiff[‘s] allegations, if true, establish a violation of a clearly established right.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Young v. The City of Irving
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. Bexar County
W.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982); Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Stein v. Dallas County
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Frias v. Hernandez
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Lance v. City of San Antonio
W.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982); Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Banks v. Herbrich
5th Cir. · 2024 · confidence medium
II While a denial of summary judgment is not a final judgment, the Supreme Court has held that it is a collateral order capable of immediate review when “(1) the defendant is a public official asserting qualified immunity, and (2) ‘the issue appealed concerned, not which facts the parties might be able to prove, but, rather, whether or not certain given facts show a violation of clearly established law.’” Walsh v. Hodge, 975 F.3d 475, 480 (5th Cir. 2020) (quoting Johnson v. Jones, 515 U.S. 304, 311 (1995)). 5 Case: 23-20107 Document: 00517020482 Page: 6 Date Filed: 01/03/2024 No. 23-20…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ondrej v. City of San Antonio
W.D. Tex. · 2023 · confidence medium
Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982); Wallace v. County of Co- mal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McCarty v. Teal
N.D. Tex. · 2023 · confidence medium
Bd. of Control, 224 F.3d 359, 373 (5th Cir. 2000), abrogated on other grounds as stated in Cuvillier v. Taylor, 503 F.3d 397 , 401 n.4 (5th Cir. 2007), and it has held that government employees speaking out about government officials “ignoring health violations” constitutes a matter of public concern, Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Spectrum WT v. Wendler (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
N.D. Tex. · 2023 · confidence medium
Ct. 1148, 1152 (2018); Joseph on behalf of Est. of Joseph v, Bartlett, 981 F.3d 319 , 337 (Sth Cir. 2020)."| Lastly, “[e]ven if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (Sth Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sindelir v. Vernon Jr
N.D. Tex. · 2023 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005) (citing Hare v. City of Corinth, 135 F.3d 320 , 325 (5th Cir. 1998)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Weisshaus v. Teichelman
N.D. Tex. · 2022 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (Sth Cir. 2005) (internal marks omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vess v. City of Dallas
N.D. Tex. · 2022 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).13 12The court may decide a case on either prong.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Taylor v. El Centro College
N.D. Tex. · 2022 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless - 21 - entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hitt v. McLane
5th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
Marine Corp., 956 F.3d 320, 326 (5th Cir. 2020). 8 El Paso Cnty. v. Trump, 982 F.3d 332 , 337 (5th Cir. 2020). 9 Goodman v. Harris Cnty., 571 F.3d 388 , 394–95 (5th Cir. 2009) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 1983 ). 6 Case: 19-50411 Document: 00515857018 Page: 7 Date Filed: 05/11/2021 No. 19-50411 lawsuit may be brought against state actors in their personal or official capacity.10 “In a personal-capacity suit, ‘it is enough to show that the official, acting under color of state law, caused the deprivation of a federal right.’” 11 Qualified immunity is a defense to a personal capacity suit. 12…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bailey v. Forrest County, Mississippi
S.D. Miss. · 2021 · confidence medium
Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005). 2 The employee must also provide notice in compliance with the statute, but Defendant has not argued that Plaintiff failed to provide notice. 7 seniority, status and pay, the duties of which the person is qualified to perform; or (B) in the position of employment in which the person was employed on the date of the commencement of the service in the uniformed services, or a position of like seniority, status and pay, the duties of which the person is qualified to perform, only if the person is not qualified to perform the duties of …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ralph Walsh, Jr. v. Lisa Hodge
5th Cir. · 2020 · confidence medium
While a denial of summary judgment is not a final judgment, the Supreme Court has held that it may be considered a collateral order capable of immediate review when (1) the defendant is a public official asserting qualified immunity, and (2) “the issue appealed concerned, not which facts the parties might be able to prove, but, rather, whether or not certain given facts show a violation of ‘clearly established’ law.” 1 “A denial of summary judgment based on qualified immunity is reviewed de novo.” 2 Summary judgment is appropriate when “the movant shows that there is no genuine d…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Henderson v. Jones County School District
S.D. Miss. · 2020 · confidence medium
Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rivera v. Harris County
S.D. Tex. · 2020 · confidence medium
The official may assert qualified immunity, which “shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” Id. at 395 (quoting Wallace v. Cty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Howard v. Forrest County
S.D. Miss. · 2020 · confidence medium
Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rivera v. Harris County
S.D. Tex. · 2020 · confidence medium
The official may assert qualified immunity, which “shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.’” Id. at 395 (quoting Wallace v. Cty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Borden v. Fort Bend County
S.D. Tex. · 2019 · confidence medium
The official may assert qualified immunity, which “shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.’” Id. at 395 (quoting Wallace v. Cty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Barnett v. City of Laurel
S.D. Miss. · 2019 · confidence medium
Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005) (court does not consider arguments first raised in reply). 17 not overcome, or provide any citations to applicable law or specific evidence in the record.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Barnett v. City of Laurel
S.D. Miss. · 2019 · confidence medium
Wallace v. County of Comal¸400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005). 15 Shepherd v. City of Shreveport, 920 F.3d 278, 284 (5th Cir. 2019); Fraire v. City of Arlington, 957 F.2d 1268 , 1275 (5th Cir. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Burroughs Diesel, Inc. v. Baker Petrolite, LLC
S.D. Miss. · 2019 · confidence medium
Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 2005). 33 estimating the concentration of HCl in the vapor cloud produced by the spill, the chemical effect of water vapor and/or soda ash on the HCl vapor cloud, or the effect of the HCl vapor cloud on Plaintiff’s property.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Landry v. Rogers
M.D. La. · 2019 · confidence medium
A defendant sued in his individual capacity may assert personal immunity defenses like qualified immunity, which protect government officials “acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” Wallace v. Cty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005); Gobert v. Caldwell, 463 F.3d 339, 345 (5th Cir. 2006) (citing Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 638 , 107 S. Ct. 3034 (1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Holcomb v. McCraw
W.D. Tex. · 2017 · confidence medium
Even if an official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is “nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jose Duran v. Lorie Davis, Director
5th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
Also, we have no jurisdiction to review the orders denying Duran’s motion to amend the petition and denying Duran IFP status on appeal, as those orders were not final and appealable See Wallace v. Cty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 291 (5th Cir. 2005); see also Baugh v. Taylor, 117 F.3d 197, 202 (5th Cir. 1997).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mason v. Lafayette City-Parish Consolidated Government (2×)
5th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
Dist., 28 F.3d 521, 525 (5th Cir. 1994)). 9 Goodman v. Harris Cnty., 571 F.3d 388, 395 (5th Cir. 2009). 10 Id. 11 Id. (quoting Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005)). 12 Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236 (2009). 13 Id. at 232 . 14 Id. 8 Case: 14-30021 Document: 00513265120 Page: 9 Date Filed: 11/10/2015 No. 14-30021 reasonableness.” 15 To prevail on an excessive-force claim, a plaintiff must show “(1) an injury (2) which resulted from the use of force that was clearly excessive to the need and (3) the excessiveness of which was objectively unreasonable.” 16 In…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Shah v. University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
N.D. Tex. · 2014 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fisher v. Dallas County
N.D. Tex. · 2014 · confidence medium
“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.” Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sheila Goudeau v. East Baton Rouge Parish Sch Bd (2×)
5th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Modica v. Taylor, 465 F.3d 174, 180-81 (5th Cir. 2006) (holding that misuse of public funds and official malfeasance are matters of public concern); Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289-91 (5th Cir. 2005) (“[T]here is perhaps no subset of matters of public concern more important than bringing official misconduct to light.” (citation and quotation marks omitted)); Kinney, 367 F.3d at 369 (“[I]t is well-established in the jurisprudence of both the Supreme Court and this court that official misconduct is of great First Amendment significance . . . .”); Branton v. City …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brown v. Board of Trustees Sealy Independent School District
S.D. Tex. · 2012 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Goodman v. Harris County, 571 F.3d 388, 395 (5th Cir.2009); Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005) (“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jingping Xu v. University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
S.D. Tex. · 2012 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Goodman v. Harris Cnty., 571 F.3d 388, 395 (5th Cir.2009); Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005) (“Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rudolfo Rivera v. Roberta Kalafut
5th Cir. · 2011 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005) (noting that in qualified immunity cases, the “court must decide whether the plaintiffs' allegations, if true, establish a violation of a clearly established right”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Graniczny v. City of El Paso, Tex.
W.D. Tex. · 2011 · confidence medium
Qualified Immunity The doctrine of qualified immunity provides immunity from suit under § 1983 to government officials provided that “their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” 10 Goodman v. Harris Cnty., 571 F.3d 388, 395 (5th Cir.2009) (quoting Wallace v. Cnty. of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005)); see also Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806 , 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985) (“The entitlement [to qualified immunity] is an immunity from suit rather than a mere defense to liability …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Reyes Ex Rel. Estate of Ceballos v. Bridgwater
5th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
The doctrine of qualified immunity provides immunity from suit under § 1983 to government officials provided that “their conduct does not violate clearly established *406 statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” Goodman v. Harris County, 571 F.3d 388, 395 (5th Cir.2009) (quoting Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005)); see also Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806 , 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985) (“The entitlement [to qualified immunity] is an immunity from suit rather than a mere defense to liability... .”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brown v. United States Postal Service
5th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
DISCUSSION “The doctrine of qualified immunity shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known.” Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284, 289 (5th Cir.2005).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Monica M. WALLACE; Patricia Kniss, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
COUNTY OF COMAL, State of Texas; Et Al., Defendants, Danny Scheel, in His Individual Capacity; Moe Schwab, in His Individual Capacity; Tom Hornseth, in His Individual Capacity, Defendants-Appellants
04-50280.
Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Feb 14, 2005.
400 F.3d 284
2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 2394
2005 WL 348155
Barry H. Beer, San Antonio, TX, Thomas Joseph Crane (argued), Advocacy Inc., San Antonio, TX, for Plaintiffs-Appellees., Michael A. Shaunessy (argued), Deborah Herzberg Loomis, Shaunessy Burnett & Greenberg, Austin, TX, for Defendants-Appellants.
Garza, Stewart, Clement.
Cited by 82 opinions  |  Published
EMILIO M. GARZA, Circuit Judge:

Monica Wallace and Patricia Kniss filed suit against the County of Comal, Texas, its County Engineer Tom Hornseth, County Judge Danny Scheel, and Commissioner Moe Schwab, in their individual capacities for violating their First Amendment rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Hornseth, Scheel and Schwab now bring this interlocutory appeal of the district court’s denial of their motion for summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity. The defendants also request that we reverse the district court’s order granting plaintiffs’ motion to amend their complaint to include individual defendants previously dismissed in this case.

I

In reviewing a denial of summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity, we are obligated to “take, as given, the [following] facts that the district court assumed when it denied summary judgment.” Nerren v. Livingston Police Dep’t, 86 F.3d 469, 472 (5th Cir.1996) (quoting Johnson v. Jones, 515 U.S. 304, 319, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995)).

Wallace and Kniss were employed by the Comal County Environmental Health Department (“Department”) as health inspectors for sixteen and seven years respectively. They were responsible for ensuring that septic systems were properly installed and in compliance with the standards established by the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission (“TNRCC”). During their employment, Kniss always received at least an “Acceptable” job evaluation and Wallace frequently received merit raises based on her “Commendable” performance rating.

During this period, county commissioners also received numerous complaints from installers, designers and home builders about the plaintiffs. Specifically, they claimed the inspectors were creating severe financial burdens by being “too strict”[*287] in enforcing the standards set out by the TNRCC. The builders argued that Kniss and Wallace’s “hard-nosed” -approach would result in their going out of business.

In 1996, Wallace, who at the time was the head of the Department, was demoted to Field Operations Manager. The Department was consolidated with the Office of the County Engineer and placed under the leadership of Hornseth. According to the defendants, the consolidation was necessary to ensure greater efficiency and enhance public service.

One year later, Hornseth suspended Wallace’s managerial responsibilities. Human Resources Chief, Tom Collette, warned the commissioners against demoting Wallace without written support. Nevertheless, the suspension soon became a permanent demotion and Wallace was made a health inspector. She was replaced by her receptionist Barbara Ritzen who had no field experience or training as a health inspector. Hornseth gave no notice to Wallace and informed her that her demotion was due to her failure to cooperate. Wallace, who received a pay cut, appealed the demotion to the commissioners who denied the appeal in a unanimous vote.

After the demotion, Wallace and Kniss continued to perform their duties as inspectors and spoke regularly with, Horn-seth about various TNRCC rule violations. Their concerns were frequently rebuffed by Hornseth who often responded with anger and hostility. They were told not to speak to outside officials and to keep their problems “in-house.” Subsequently, Wallace sent a fax to the TNRCC stating that she was being improperly overruled on violations of the TNRCC standards.

Subsequently, county commissioners held a meeting with Collette in Scheel’s office. Collette presented a draft document titled “HR View” which outlined how Wallace’s situation would be viewed by individuals outside the.Department. Specifically, the document noted that Wallace “adheres to the rules laid down by the TNRCC regarding septic tank installation. B.y doing so, she -has incurred] the wrath of shoddy installers and some homeowners who like to take shortcuts. This prompts calls to the Commissioner’s Court. Since the callers are ‘constituents,’ some members of the Commissioner’s Court would like to see Monica [Wallace] relax a little bit on rigid rule enforcement.”

Soon after, Hornseth made a tentative decision to fire Wallace and Kniss. After discussing his decision with the commissioners, Hornseth terminated Wallace and Kniss from their positions. While no specific warning had been given to the plaintiffs, Hornseth had told Wallace on numerous occasions that Scheel wanted her terminated. Collette, who had informed Scheel that'he would support-Wallace in any subsequent litigation, was suspended that same day and later terminated.

II

Plaintiffs filed suit against Hornseth, Scheel, Schwab, County Commissioners Jack Dawson, Jay Milikin, and Christina Zamora, all in their official and individual capacities, and against the County of Co-mal. The district court judge granted, in part, defendants’ first motion for summary judgment and dismissed all claims against the County Judge and commissioners. The district court held that the defendants were entitled to qualified immunity because there was no “evidence that the [defendants] took adverse employment actions against the Plaintiffs.” The district court, however, allowed the plaintiffs to continue their case against Hornseth because “the reasonableness of [his] actions[*288] cannot be determined.” [1]

Eight months later, plaintiffs requested leave to amend the complaint in order to reassert their claims against Commissioner Schwab and Judge Scheel. In support of their claims, plaintiffs cited to new evidence, gathered through discovery, showing that Scheel and Schwab, along with Hornseth, had played an extensive role in the adverse employment action against Wallace and Kniss. Specifically, plaintiffs proffered deposition testimony from Scheel, Schwab, and Hornseth indicating that Hornseth had discussed with them the possibility of terminating or disciplining Wallace and Kniss prior to the actual termination. Plaintiffs also presented Col-lette’s deposition testimony detailing his meeting with the commissioners in Scheel’s chambers. Further evidence presented showed that both Scheel and Schwab were well aware of and concerned about the numerous complaints being made by constituents regarding plaintiffs’ stringent adherence to the TNRCC rules. As a result, the district court granted plaintiffs’ motion to amend the complaint to add the two previously dismissed defendants.

Subsequently, defendants filed a second motion for summary judgment arguing that plaintiffs were terminated for poor performance such as failing to answer phones, refusing to wear uniforms, failing to use the front door, moving furniture, and for making comments to the TNRCC which “were wrong or unnecessary and confused and delayed the permitting process.” The district court denied the motion, finding that there was a “genuine issue of material fact as to whether Plaintiffs’ speech was a motivating factor in their termination.” The district court also denied the request for qualified immunity, holding that the defendants had “acted objectively unreasonably in violating Plaintiffs’ rights as outlined by clearly established law” because they “had ample information about Plaintiffs’ efforts of enforcement of TNRCC rules and based their decision on what they knew about [their] aggressive enforcement efforts.”

Ill

Defendants contend that the summary judgment evidence presented to the district court shows that they did not violate plaintiffs’ First Amendment rights and that, as a result, they are entitled to qualified immunity for their actions. A “district court’s order denying a defendant’s motion for summary judgment [is] an immediately appealable ... ‘final judgment’ ... where (1) the defendant was a public official asserting a defense of ‘qualified immunity,’ and (2) the issue appealed concerned, not which facts the parties might be able to prove, but, rather, whether or not certain given facts showed a violation of ‘clearly established’ law.” Jones, 515 U.S. at 311, 115 S.Ct. 2151 (citing Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 530, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985)).

A denial of summary judgment based on qualified immunity is reviewed de novo. Spivey v. Robertson, 197 F.3d 772, 774 (5th Cir.1999). Summary judgment may be granted if there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Boston Old Colony Ins. Co. v. Tiner Assocs., Inc., 288 F.3d 222, 227 (5th Cir.2002). In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate, we generally view the evidence and “all factual inferences from that evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion and all reasonable doubts about the facts are resolved[*289] in favor of the nonmoving litigant.” Id. However, in an interlocutory appeal based on qualified immunity, a defendant “may not appeal a district court’s summary judgr ment order insofar as that order determines whether or not the pretrial record sets forth a ‘genuine’ issue of fact for trial.” Jones, 515 U.S. at 319-320, 115 S.Ct. 2151. Thus, we are required “instead [to] consider whether the district court erred in assessing the legal significance of the conduct that the district court deemed sufficiently supported for purposes of summary judgment.” Kinney v. Weaver, 367 F.3d 337, 348 (5th Cir.2004) (en banc). [2]

The doctrine of qualified immunity shields government officials acting within their discretionary authority from liability when their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional law of which a reasonable person would have known. Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982). The qualified immunity analysis is a two-step inquiry. First, a court must decide whether the plaintiffs’ allegations, if true, establish a violation of a clearly established right. Hare v. City of Corinth, 135 F.3d 320, 325 (5th Cir.1998) (en banc). Second, if the plaintiffs have alleged a violation, the court must decide whether the conduct was objectively reasonable in light of clearly established law at the time of the incident. Id . Even if the government official’s conduct violates a clearly established right, the official is nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity if his conduct was objectively reasonable. Id.

A

A public employee’s allegations must survive a three-part test in order to state a violation of the First Amendment. “First, the relevant speech must involve a matter of public concern. Second, her interest in commenting on the matter of public concern must outweigh her employer’s interest in promoting efficiency. And third, her protected speech must have motivated her public employer’s decision to fire her.” Warnock v. Pecos County, Tex., 116 F.3d 776, 780 (5th Cir.1997). Defendants argue that plaintiffs’ speech was not a matter of public concern because “the content of the speech in this case is simply routine comments about how those [environmental] rules are to be applied in relation to specific permits. Consulting with TNRCC was a normal part of the job for the Comal County Environmental Health Department as a whole.” However, Wallace’s fax to, the TNRCC was more then a just routine communication — she specifically stated that members of the County were purposefully ignoring health violations in order to appease installers and builders of septic tanks. As we have already held “[t]here is perhaps no subset of matters of public concern more important than bringing official misconduct to light.” Davis v. Ector County, Tex., 40 F.3d 777, 782 (5th Cir.1994). See also Wallace v. Texas Tech Univ., 80 F.3d 1042, 1051 (5th Cir.1996) (holding that “speech made in the role as employee” can be of public concern when it “involv[es] the report of corruption or wrongdoing to higher authorities.”).

Defendants also contend that even if plaintiffs’ speech was a matter of public concern, the district court erred in con-[*290] eluding that this speech outweighed the “County’s legitimate interests in the efficient provision of public services.” Under the Supreme Court’s Pickering test, the court is required to look at whether the speech “(1) was likely to generate controversy and disruption, (2) impeded the department’s general performance and operation, and (3) affected working relationships necessary to the department’s proper functioning.” Brawner v. City of Richardson, Tex., 855 F.2d 187, 192 (5th Cir.1988) (citing Pickering v. Bd. of Educ. of Township High Sch. Dist. 205, 391 U.S. 563, 568, 88 S.Ct. 1731, 20 L.Ed.2d 811 (1968)).

Because this is an interlocutory review of a denial of summary judgment based on qualified immunity, our review here is limited to “whether the district court committed legal error in balancing the interests supported by the summary judgment record, viewing the record in the light most favorable to the non-movants.” Kinney, 367 F.3d at 360. The defendants contend that the district court committed error by focusing only on the role of the plaintiffs as health inspectors instead of their specific speech and by failing to evaluate and take into account the defendants’ interests in ensuring that its health inspectors “do not take up valuable time and resources by unilaterally contacting the TNRCC without coordinating with their supervisors.” Plaintiffs argue that their actions were in response to county officials’ refusal to enforce regulations designed to protect the public from polluted underground water sources that may result from improperly installed septic systems. While defendants arguably have a need to ensure health inspectors coordinate with supervisors before contacting state officials, that need cannot be paramount when the health and safety of the public is at stake. As we properly noted in Wamock, defendants “may not rely on the county’s interest in an efficient workplace” if the plaintiffs’ allegations of official misconduct are true. 116 F.3d at 781; see also, Wilson v. UT Health Ctr., 973 F.2d 1263, 1270 (5th Cir.1992) (“holding that the university health center’s interest in maintaining a police force that is free of sexual intimidation outweighs any interest in departmental efficiency and harmony.”). [3] Thus, taking the facts in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, we agree with the district court’s assessment that there is a genuine issue of material fact concerning whether plaintiffs’ speech outweighs the county’s need for departmental efficiency and coordination.

B

Defendants also seek to overturn the district court’s holding under the second prong of the qualified immunity analysis that requires the court to decide whether the defendant’s conduct was objectively reasonable in light of clearly established law at the time of the incident. Chiu v. Plano Indep. Sch. Dist., 339 F.3d 273, 279 (5th Cir.2003). “The law- in force at the time of the violation must outline the contours of the rights allegedly violated.”[*291] Warnock, 116 F.3d at 781. Defendants cite six cases to support their contention that the law was unclear at the time that the plaintiffs were terminated in 1999. However, each of these cases clearly state that “speech by a government employee is protected under the First Amendment ... [if] the speech [is] on a matter of public concern, and the employee’s interest in expressing herself on this matter must be outweighed by any injury the speech could cause to the interest of the State, as an employer, in promoting the efficiency of the public services it performs through its employees.” Waters v. Churchill, 511 U.S. 661, 668, 114 S.Ct. 1878, 128 L.Ed.2d 686 (1994). [4] More importantly, all six cases are legally distinguishable from the issues in this appeal. For example, Gillum involved an “employee embroiled in personal employment disputes making statements that were not of public concern.” 3 F.3d at 121. Similarly, in Connick, the Supreme Court held that plaintiffs speech regarding her “dissatisfaction with a transfer” was not a matter of public concern because she did not “seek to bring to light actual or potential wrongdoing or breach of public trust.” 461 U.S. at 148, 103 S.Ct. 1684. See also, Terrell, 792 F.2d. at 1362 (holding that defendant did not violate plaintiffs First Amendment rights because the “public employee [spoke] not as a citizen upon matters of public concern, but instead as an employee upon matters only of personal interest.”); and Noyola, 846 F.2d at 1024 (holding that plaintiffs “airing of an internal grievance with his supervisor” was not a matter of public concern.).

Defendants’ citation to McAdams is also inapplicable for different reasons. Mc-Adams involved a plaintiff who alleged that he had been fired by his government employer because he made statements that the county officials had- exceeded their legal authority. 798 F.2d at 844. We affirmed the district court’s decision 'to grant a judgment notwithstanding the jury verdict because the record showed that the plaintiff “was not-fired for voicing his specific criticisms of the Board, but because he refused to comply with the Board’s requests.” Id . at 846. Similarly, there are allegations here that the plaintiffs were terminated because they failed to obey orders. However, at this stage we are obligated, unlike the court in Mc-Adams where a jury trial had already been completed, to accept all facts in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs.

In contrast, plaintiffs cite to Wamock and Wilson which were decided before the plaintiffs were terminated and are directly on point. In both cases, we explicitly held that public employees may not be terminated in retaliation for speaking out against government misconduct. Warnock, 116 F.3d at 780-82; Wilson, 973 F.2d at 1269-71. Accordingly, the law was clearly established at the time plaintiffs were fired.

IV

Defendants have also requested that this court reverse the district court’s order allowing plaintiffs to amend the complaint to rejoin Scheel and Schwab as defendants in this casé. Ordinarily, an order granting leave to amend “is not an appealable order, since no final judgment has been entered.” Levy v. SEC, 405 F.2d 484, 486 (5th Cir.1968). However, “[i]n the interest of judicial economy, this court may exercise its discretion to consider under[*292] pendant appellate jurisdiction claims that are closely related to the issue properly before [the court].” Morin v. Caire, 77 F.3d 116, 121 (5th Cir.1996). The exercise of this jurisdiction is only “proper in rare and unique circumstances where a final appealable order is ‘inextricably intertwined’ with an unappealable order or where review of the unappealable order is necessary to ensure meaningful review of the appealable order.” Thornton v. Gen. Motors Corp., 136 F.3d 450, 453 (5th Cir.1998) (emphasis added).

Defendants’ initial brief fails to raise this issue adequately. No mention is made of this court’s pendant jurisdiction over this matter and defendants do not assert that the district court’s order granting plaintiffs leave to amend the complaint is “inextricably intertwined” with or “necessary to ensure meaningful review” of the denial of summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity. These arguments, supported by relevant caselaw, are made for the first time in defendants’ reply brief. Since we do not consider issues raised for the first time in a reply brief, this matter is waived. City of Abilene v. United States Envtl. Prot. Agency, 325 F.3d 657, 661 n. 1 (5th Cir.2003).

V

Defendants have failed to show that the district court erred in denying them qualified immunity for their alleged violation of plaintiffs’ constitutional rights. Accordingly, we DISMISS defendants’ appeal.

1

. The county was also dismissed from suit on a separate motion for summary judgment.

2

. We may, however, review the record "[w]hen the district court fails to set forth the factual disputes that preclude granting of summary judgment.... In this case, however, the district court wrote a detailed opinion that carefully identified those factual disputes that prevented summary judgment.” Kinney, 367 F.3d at 348.

3

. Defendants briefly argue that the district court erred in finding that Scheel and Schwab could be held liable because Horn-seth was the final decision maker and there was no allegation of a conspiracy between the three officials. However, the district court explicitly held that “Plaintiffs have pled sufficient facts to show a genuine issue of fact as to the causation between both Schwab and Scheel's actions and Plaintiffs' termination.” Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, we agree that the evidence was legally sufficient to create a question of material fact as to whether Scheel and Schwab were directly involved in plaintiffs' adverse employment action. See Kinney, 367 F.3d at 348.

4

. The other five cases are McAdams v. Matagorda County, 798 F.2d 842 (5th Cir.1986), Noyola v. Tex. Dept. of Human Resources, 846 F.2d 1021 (5th Cir.1988), Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138, 103 S.Ct 1684, 75 L.Ed.2d 708 (1983), Terrell v. Univ. of Tex. Sys. Police, 792 F.2d 1360 (5th Cir.1986), Gillum v. City of Kerrville, 3 F.3d 117 (5th Cir.1993).