Alice W.C. Wong v. Hugh Tolan Bailey, Jr., Hugh Tolan Bailey, Sr., 752 F.2d 619 (11th Cir. 1985). · Go Syfert
Alice W.C. Wong v. Hugh Tolan Bailey, Jr., Hugh Tolan Bailey, Sr., 752 F.2d 619 (11th Cir. 1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
60 citation events (38 in the last 25 years) across 19 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Sandra Caldwell v. Kimberly-Clark USA, LLC, et al. (alsd, 2025-12-01)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 29 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Sandra Caldwell v. Kimberly-Clark USA, LLC, et al.
S.D. Ala. · 2025 · confidence medium
"The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state's general contracts law." Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lescano v. Franco and Company LLC
S.D. Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
“The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state’s general contracts law.” Broadnax v. Sand Lake Cancer Ctr., P.A., 819 F. App’x 799 , 801 (11th Cir. 2020) (quoting Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Agusta v. Bank of America
M.D. Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Payano v. Walmart Inc.
M.D. Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
Schwartz v. Fla. Bd. of Regents, 807 F.2d 901, 905 (11th Cir. 1987) (citing Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Cohan v. Host 110 Atlantic Ave LLC
S.D. Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
Breach of Contract “The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state’s general contracts law.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Owners Insurance Company v. Great American Lawn, LLC
N.D. Ga. · 2024 · confidence medium
An attorney’s consent to the agreement is binding on his client.” , 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Oconee Landing Property, LLC, Oconee Landing Investors, LLC, Tax Matters Partner
Tax Ct. · 2024 · confidence medium
Freight Lines, 846 F.2d 47 , 49 (9th Cir. 1988) (holding that the terms of an agreement “can be implied from the circumstances, and conduct inconsistent with a refusal of the terms raises a presumption of assent upon which others may rely” (quoting Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985))).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) HILL v. MERRELL
M.D. Ga. · 2021 · confidence medium
Academy of General Physicians, Inc. v. LaPlante, 340 Ga. App. 527, 530 , 798 S.E.2d 64, 68 (2017). “[A]n agreement in settlement of a pending lawsuit must meet the same requisites of formation and enforceability as any other contract.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985) (citing McKie v. McKie, 213 Ga. 582, 583 , 100 S.E.2d 580, 582-83 (1957)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Meria Broadnax v. Sand Lake Cancer Center, P.A.
11th Cir. · 2020 · confidence medium
“The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state's general contracts law.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Harris v. United States Department of Agriculture
N.D. Ala. · 2020 · confidence medium
Typically, the “construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state’s general contracts law.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Local Access, LLC v. Peerless Network, Inc.
11th Cir. · 2018 · confidence medium
“The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the [forum] state’s general contracts law.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Charter Oak Fire Insurance v. Patterson
N.D. Ga. · 2014 · confidence medium
Nov. 28, 2006) (citing Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Christopher A. Berman v. Thomas Kafka
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Clough Marketing Svcs., Inc. v. The Main Line Corp
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Tidwell v. A & M Check Cashing, Inc. (In re Arrington)
Bankr. M.D. Ga. · 2003 · confidence medium
Gray v. Higgins, 205 Ga.App. 52 , 421 S.E.2d 341, 344 (1992); Hall v. Coram Healthcare Corp., 157 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir.1998), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1114 , 119 S.Ct. 1760 , 143 L.Ed.2d 791 (1999); Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Southernmost Marine Services, Inc. v. One (1) 2000 Fifty Four Foot (54') Sea Ray Named M/V \Potential\""
S.D. Fla. · 2003 · confidence medium
Florida Education Ass’n v. Atkinson, 481 F.2d 662, 663 (5th Cir.1973), Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Novamedix, Limited v. Ndm Acquisition Corporation and Vesta Healthcare, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985) (‘The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state’s general contracts law.’)”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Blitch Ford, Inc. v. MIC Property & Casualty Ins.
M.D. Ga. · 1997 · confidence medium
The rules governing the court’s decision today were concisely laid out in the Eleventh Circuit decision of Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985), which cites controlling Georgia law for the following propositions.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bamerilease Capital Corp. v. Eugene E. Nearburg (2×)
6th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
Co. v. Kupcho, 792 F.2d 526, 529 (5th Cir.1986); see also Lockette v. Greyhound Lines, 817 F.2d 1182, 1185 (5th Cir.1987) ("In this case, where jurisdiction is based upon diversity of citizenship, we will apply the substantive law of Louisiana to determine whether the settlement agreement allegedly entered into ... is enforceable."); Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985) ("The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state's general contracts law.").
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ahern v. Central Pacific Freight Lines
9th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
“Assent to the terms of a settlement agreement can be implied from the circumstances, and conduct inconsistent with a refusal of the terms raises a presumption of assent upon which others may rely.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Robert E. Ahern v. Central Pacific Freight Lines v. Roy Gaussoin, Central Pacific Freight Lines v. Touche Ross Nicholas K. Fisher, Robert E. Ahern John M. Barta Robert L. Barta Richard M. Barta and Robert R. Barta v. Central Pacific Freight Lines v. Roy Gaussoin
9th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
Settlement agreements conserve judicial time and limit expensive litigation." Speed Shore Corp. v. Denda, 605 F.2d 469, 473 (9th Cir.1979). 7 "Assent to the terms of a settlement agreement can be implied from the circumstances, and conduct inconsistent with a refusal of the terms raises a presumption of assent upon which others may rely." Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985). 8 On May 16 and 17, 1985 Judge Panner conducted the settlement conference.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wright v. Scott
Iowa · 1987 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985); Linn County v. Kindred, 373 N.W.2d 147, 149-50 (Iowa App.1985); Jallen v. Agre, 264 Minn. 369, 373 , 119 N.W.2d 739, 743 (1963); 15A C.J.S.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Louis Schwartz v. Florida Board of Regents
11th Cir. · 1987 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ronald Basil Hart, Jr. v. Yamaha-Parts Distributors, Inc., Yamaha International Corporation, Yamaha Motor Corporation
11th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
“Summary judgment is appropriate only when the moving party has sustained its burden of proving that there exists no genuine issue of material fact after viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion.” Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 620 (11th Cir.1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Trust Co. Bank of Middle Georgia, N.A. v. Huckabee Auto Co. (In Re Huckabee Auto Co.)
Bankr. M.D. Ga. · 1986 · confidence medium
See also Dixie Stevedores, Inc. v. Marinic Maritime, Ltd., 778 F.2d 670, 673 (11th Cir.1985); Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 620 (11th Cir.1985); Van T.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States of America, Cross-Appellee v. Merchants National Bank of Mobile, Cross-Appellant
11th Cir. · 1985 · confidence medium
Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 620-21 (11th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited "see" CRUMPLER v. WESTLAKE SERVICES HOLDING COMPANY
M.D. Ga. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Schwartz, 807 F.2d at 905 (“A settlement agreement is a contract and, as such, its construction and enforcement are governed by principles of Florida’s general contract law.” (citing Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985)); Hayes v. Nat’l Serv.
cited Cited "see" Turner v. Rocket Mortgage, LLC
S.D. Fla. · 2023 · signal: see · confidence high
See Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited "see, e.g." White Farm Equipment Co. v. Joseph G. Kupcho, D/B/A Haufler Equipment Wanda Kupcho and Kup Equipment Co.
5th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Wong v. Bailey, 752 F.2d 619, 621 (11th Cir.1985); Florida Educ.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Alice W.C. WONG, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Hugh Tolan BAILEY, Jr., Hugh Tolan Bailey, Sr., Defendants-Appellees
84-8169.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Feb 8, 1985.
752 F.2d 619
1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 28065
Richard P. Decker, Robert A. Moss, Atlanta, Ga., for plaintiff-appellant., Douglas W. Smith, Atlanta, Ga., for defendants-appellees.
Henderson, Hatchett, Nichols.
Cited by 37 opinions  |  Published
Pinpoint authority: bottom 55%
ALBERT J. HENDERSON, Circuit Judge:

Alice W.C. Wong appeals from the district court’s grant of a motion for summary judgment filed by the appellees to enforce the terms of an oral agreement purportedly reached by the parties during the pendency of a suit initiated by Wong against Hugh Tolan Bailey, Jr. and Hugh Tolan Bailey, Sr. Finding no genuine issue of material fact as to the existence of the settlement agreement, we affirm the district court’s judgment.

Wong filed this diversity action in September, 1982 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia seeking damages for injuries suffered when the automobile in which she was a passenger was struck by a car operated by Hugh Tolan Bailey, Jr. and owned by his father, Hugh Tolan Bailey, Sr. Shortly thereafter, Allstate Insurance Company, the Baileys’ insurance carrier, offered Wong the $15,000.00 limit of the Baileys’ policy in full and complete settlement of the lawsuit. The attorney for Wong orally agreed to the settlement offer in October, 1983. On October 28, 1983, the Baileys’ counsel sent a letter to Wong’s lawyer enclosing a settlement draft from the insurance company, a release of all claims, a stipulation of dismissal, and an affidavit and hold harmless agreement. Wong’s attorney contacted the Baileys’ counsel on November 9, 1983 and informed him that the general release clause was unacceptable because it did not contain the necessary language to preserve Wong’s right to claim underinsurance benefits pursuant to the Louisiana policy insuring the driver of the car in which she was a passenger. When the parties were unable to agree over the insertion of the language, Wong’s lawyer informed the Baileys’ attorney that the parties could not consummate the settlement.

On November 10, 1983, counsel for the Baileys filed a motion for summary judgment or motion to enforce settlement. In its order granting the motion, the district court found that the need for the inclusion of the language necessary to preserve Wong’s rights under Louisiana law was not discovered until after the settlement agreement was reáched. The court also held that counsel for both parties understood that the standard procedure, including the insertion of a general release clause, would be followed in finalizing the settlement.

Summary judgment is appropriate only when the moving party has sustained its burden of proving that there exists no genuine issue of material fact after viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Sweat v. Miller Brewing Co., 708 F.2d 655, 656 (11th Cir.1983); Morrison v. Wash [*621] ington County, Alabama, 700 F.2d 678, 682 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 104 S.Ct. 195, 78 L.Ed.2d 171 (1983). The district court’s order granting a summary judgment motion is not a discretionary decision and thus will be independently reviewed by the appellate court. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Dye, 642 F.2d 837, 841 (5th Cir. Unit B 1981). [1]

The construction and enforcement of settlement agreements are governed by principles of the state’s general contracts law. Blum v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co., 709 F.2d 1463, 1467 (11th Cir.1983) (citing Florida Education Association, Inc. v. Atkinson, 481 F.2d 662, 663 (5th Cir.1973)). For purposes of this appeal, both parties have assumed that Georgia law governs their agreement. Under Georgia law, an agreement in settlement of a pending lawsuit must meet the same requisites of formation and enforceability as any other contract. See McKie v. McKie, 213 Ga. 582, 583, 100 S.E.2d 580, 582-83 (1957). Thus, there must be a meeting of the minds between the parties as to the terms of the contract. O.C.G.A. § 13-3-2 (1982). See also Cross v. Cook, 147 Ga.App. 695, 695, 250 S.E.2d 28, 29 (1978) (parties to oral settlement agreement must understand and accept terms); Adair v. Park, 97 Ga.App. 719, 721, 104 S.E.2d 473, 475 (1958) (“In order for a release to be operative it must be mutually intended by both parties to the contract.”). Assent to the terms of the agreement can be implied from the circumstances, and conduct inconsistent with a refusal of the terms raises a presumption of assent upon which the other party can rely. Smith v. Hornbuckle, 140 Ga.App. 871, 875, 232 S.E.2d 149, 153 (1977). An attorney’s consent to the agreement is binding on his client. Stone Mountain Confederate Monumental Association v. Smith, 170 Ga. 515, 521, 153 S.E. 209, 211 (1930).

Wong does not dispute that an agreement to settle the ongoing litigation was reached. Rather, she argues that because there was no discussion of the specific language to be included in the release, there was no meeting of the minds on the terms of the agreement. The appellees, on the other hand, maintain that counsel for both parties understood that a general release would accompany the $15,000.00 settlement draft and therefore the settlement is enforceable.

An independent review of the record in accordance with Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Dye leads us to conclude that the appellees sustained their burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Wong’s counsel did not discover the need for the language necessary to preserve her right to claim underinsured benefits under the Louisiana policy until after he orally agreed to settle the case. Since he could not have contemplated the need for the inclusion of this special language in the release provision at the time he accepted the limits of the Baileys’ insurance policy, the lack of a meeting of the minds on this issue is irrelevant to the question of the existence of a valid, enforceable settlement agreement. Furthermore, counsel for both parties understood that the Baileys’ attorney would follow the standard procedure used in settling personal injury actions, incorporating therein a general release clause. Cf. Blum v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co., 709 F.2d at 1467 (district court found that parties had not agreed on the form or mechanism of the release). Counsel’s assent to the inclusion of a general release could be implied from his failure to object when he agreed to settle the case. See Smith v. Hornbuckle, 140 Ga.App. at 875, 232 S.E.2d at 153. Based on our review of the record, it is clear that the parties entered into a binding agreement to settle Wong’s claim against the Baileys.

Accordingly, the grant of summary judgment in favor of the appellees is AFFIRMED.

1

. In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir.1981) (en banc), this court adopted as precedent all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit decided prior to October 1, 1981.