Janeral L. Holley, Cross-Appellee v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., Cross-Appellant, 835 F.2d 1375 (11th Cir. 1988). · Go Syfert
Janeral L. Holley, Cross-Appellee v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., Cross-Appellant, 835 F.2d 1375 (11th Cir. 1988). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
72 citation events (37 in the last 25 years) across 14 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Bakhai v. BDO USA, P.C. (flsd, 2025-07-29)
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989 2007 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 37 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Bakhai v. BDO USA, P.C. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
S.D. Fla. · 2025 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the movant must establish the fraud by clear and convincing evidence.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Lama Romero v. Asociacion
1st Cir. · 1994 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a ____________ party may not rely on the undeveloped state of the facts at the time the party moves for summary judgment to undermine a fully-developed set of trial facts which militate against the party's case.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Paul A. Blackburn v. Lynn Martin, Etc. (3×) also: Cited as authority (rule), Cited "see"
4th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
plaintiff presented nothing more than circumstantial and inconclusive evidence to support the proposition that the employment decisions made by the new company were influenced by the prior employer
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Accesslex Institute v. Philpot
Utah Ct. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
Indeed, “the denial of summary judgment on evidentiary grounds should not ‘become “a bomb planted within the litigation at its early stages and exploded on appeal.”’” Id. (quoting Normandeau v. Hanson Equip., Inc., 2009 UT 44, ¶ 10 , 215 P.3d 152 , which in turn was quoting Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Services, Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377 (11th Cir. 1988)). ¶31 Although “district courts are not required to specify the grounds on which they deny a motion for summary judgment,” Hone v. Advanced Shoring & Underpinning, Inc., 2012 UT App 327 , ¶ 9 n.6, 291 P.3d 832 (quot…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wallace v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd.
S.D. Fla. · 2012 · confidence medium
“Summary judgment is designed to weed out those cases so clearly meritorious or so clearly lacking in merit that the full trial process need not be activated to resolve them.” Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377 (11th Cir.1988).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Normandeau v. Hanson Equipment, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
Utah · 2009 · confidence medium
Specifically, they argue that by allowing losing parties to appeal pretrial denials of summary judgment motions, appellate courts allow the summary judgment motion to become "a bomb planted within the litigation at its early stages and exploded on appeal." Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377 (11th Cir.1988); see also Feiger, Collison & Killmer v. Jones, 926 P.2d 1244, 1249-50 (Colo.1996). 1 11 Although some jurisdictions have chosen to implement this bright line rule, others recognize that "[a] critical distinction exists between 'summary judgment motions ra…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Normandeau v. HANSON EQUIPMENT, INC.
Utah Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
Co., 19 F.3d 431, 434 (8th Cir.1994); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir.1990); Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988); Locricchio v. Legal Servs.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Larson v. Benediktsson
Alaska · 2007 · confidence medium
Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988). 33 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ondrusek v. Murphy
Alaska · 2005 · confidence medium
Co., 19 F.3d 431, 434 (8th Cir.1994); Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1250-51 (10th Cir.1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 973 , 113 S.Ct 1417 , 122 L.Ed.2d 787 (1993); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir.1990); Holley v. Northrop, 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988); Locricchio v. Legal Serv.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Thomas Varghese, Dr. v. Honeywell International, Incorporated Honeywell Technology Solutions, Incorporated (2×)
4th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
In fact, we stated that although a dichotomy between reviewing denials of summary judgment based on an erroneous legal conclusion and those based on an erroneous factual determination “is supported by the reasoning in Holley [Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988) ] ... we decline to follow Holley and therefore need not describe specific circumstances in which this Court would review the denial of summary judgment after trial.” Id. at 1235 n. 8.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Varghese v. Honeywell Intl Inc
4th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
In fact, we stated that although a dichotomy between reviewing denials of summary judgment based on an errone- ous legal conclusion and those based on an erroneous factual determi- nation "is supported by the reasoning in Holley [Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir. 1988)] . . . we decline to follow Holley and therefore need not describe specific circumstances in which this Court would review the denial of sum- mary judgment after trial." Id. at 1235 n.8.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chemetall GMBH v. ZR Energy, Inc.
7th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
Co., 19 F.3d 431, 434 (8th Cir. 1994); Lama v. Borras, 16 F.3d 473 , 476 n.5 (1st Cir. 1994); Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1250-51 (10th Cir. 1992); Bottineau Farmers Elevator v. Wood- ward-Clyde Consultants, 963 F.2d 1064 , 1068 n.5 (8th Cir. 1992); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir. 1990); Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir. 1988); Locricchio v. Legal Servs.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chemetall Gmbh v. Zr Energy, Inc., Joseph T. Fraval, and Arnold Berkovitz
7th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
Co., 19 F.3d 431, 434 (8th Cir.1994); Lama v. Borras, 16 F.3d 473 , 476 n. 5 (1st Cir.1994); Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1250-51 (10th Cir.1992); Bottineau Farmers Elevator v. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 963 F.2d 1064 , 1068 n. 5 (8th Cir.1992); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir.1990); Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988); Locricchio v. Legal Servs.
cited Cited as authority (rule) St. Anthony Hospital v. United States Department of Health & Human Services
10th Cir. · 2002 · confidence medium
Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1251 (10th Cir.1992) (citing Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pahuta v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc.
2d Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
We will not hear in the guise of an appeal of Massey-Ferguson's defeat on its motion for summary judgment an appeal of its defaulted motion under Rule 50(a). 21 Considerations of judicial economy also militate against hearing post-trial appeals from lost motions for summary judgment. "[S]ummary judgment was not intended to be a bomb planted within the litigation at its early stages and exploded on appeal." Whalen, 974 F.2d at 1251 (quoting Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377 (11th Cir.1988)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pahuta v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc.
2d Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
Considerations of judicial economy also militate against hearing post-trial appeals from lost motions for summary judgment. “[Sjummary judgment was not intended to be a bomb planted within the litigation at its early stages and exploded on appeal.” Whalen, 974 F.2d at 1251 (quoting Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377 (11th Cir.1988)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) University of Florida v. KPB, Inc.
11th Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
As this court explained in Stuckey v. Northern Propane Gas Co., 874 F.2d 1563, 1567 (11th Cir.1989) (quoting Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988)), we do “not review the propriety of orders denying summary judgment motions based on the evidence available when the motion was made.” The proper inquiry, rather, is directed to the sufficiency of the evidence as presented at trial, which the record reveals to be competent support for the jury’s verdict for A-Plus Notes on the copyright claims.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Satinder S. Rekhi v. Wildwood Industries, Incorporated
7th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
The basis of the holding is not explained, but we take it that the animating concerns are to avoid surprise (“summary judgment was not intended to be a bomb planted within the litigation at its early stages and exploded on appeal,” Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Services, Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377 (11th Cir.1988)) and to give the district court an opportunity to correct its own mistakes.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chesapeake Paper Products Company, Successor in Interest to Chesapeake Corporation v. Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, & Third Party v. Tidewater Construction Corporation, Third Party
3rd Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988). 29 This Court has reviewed the district court's denial of summary judgment after a full trial on the merits in three cases decided prior to these holdings from other circuits. 6 Gill v. Rollins Protective Servs.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Chesapeake Paper Products Co. v. Stone & Webster Engineering Corp.
4th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Watson v. Amedco Steel, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
7th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Co., 19 F.3d 431, 434 (8th Cir.1994); Lama v. Borras, 16 F.3d 473 , 476 n. 5 (1st Cir.1994); Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1250-51 (10th Cir.1992), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1417 , 122 L.Ed.2d 787 (1993); Bottineau Farmers Elevator v. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 963 F.2d 1064 , 1068 n. 5 (8th Cir.1992) (“Denial of summary judgment is not properly reviewable on appeal from a final judgment entered after a full trial on the merits”); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir.1990) (“where summary judgment is denied and the movant subsequently loses after a full …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 65 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 580, 65 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 43,269 Richard D. Watson v. Amedco Steel, Incorporated, Doing Business as Amedco Casket Stamping Company (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
7th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Co., 19 F.3d 431, 434 (8th Cir.1994); Lama v. Borras, 16 F.3d 473 , 476 n. 5 (1st Cir.1994); Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1250-51 (10th Cir.1992), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1417 , 122 L.Ed.2d 787 (1993); Bottineau Farmers Elevator v. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 963 F.2d 1064 , 1068 n. 5 (8th Cir.1992) ("Denial of summary judgment is not properly reviewable on appeal from a final judgment entered after a full trial on the merits"); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir.1990) ("where summary judgment is denied and the movant subsequently loses after a full tri…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lama Romero v. Asociacion
1st Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
See Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., 974 F.2d 1248, 1250 (10th Cir.1992), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1417 , 122 L.Ed.2d 787 (1993); Bottineau Farmers Elevator v. Woodword-Clyde Consultants, 963 F.2d 1064 , 1068 n. 5 (8th Cir.1992); Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013 , 1016 & n. 1 (6th Cir.1990); Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988) (“[A] party may not rely on the undeveloped state of the facts at the time [the party] moves for summary judgment to undermine a fully-developed set of trial facts which militate against [the party’s] case.”); …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) John W. Whalen v. Unit Rig, Inc., a Delaware Corporation Terex Corporation, a Delaware Corporation Mrl Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware Corporation (2×)
10th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
Jarrett v. Epperly, 896 F.2d 1013, 1016 (6th Cir.1990); Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988); Locricchio v. Legal Services Corp., 833 F.2d 1352, 1358-59 (9th Cir.1987); Senza-Gel Corp. v. Seiff- hart, 803 F.2d 661, 669 (Fed.Cir.1986); Glaros v. H.H.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sewell v. Black Butte Coal Co.
10th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
Co., 372 F.2d 310 , 312 (10th Cir.1967); Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988). 5 Defendant states that it reasserted the issue at trial, see Opening Brief at 23, citing to Tr.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Joseph and Barbara Wenzel v. Boyles Galvanizing Co., Black & Veatch, Jamie Edward Fallen v. Boyles Galvanizing Co., Black & Veatch
11th Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
As this court explained in Stuckey v. Northern Propane Gas Co., 874 F.2d 1563, 1567 (11th Cir.1989) (quoting Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988)), we do not review the propriety of orders denying summary judgment motions based on the evidence available when the motion was made.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) The Trustees of Indiana University v. The Aetna Casualty & Surety Company
7th Cir. · 1990 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988) (“A party may not rely on the undeveloped state of the facts at the time he moves for summary judgment to undermine a fully developed set of trial facts which militate against his case.”) Which brings us to a third issue: what about Instructions No. 15 and 17 (reproduced in the margin), by which the jury learned of the law that would obtain if it found that I.U. picked unsuitable brick? 9 *436 That it was bound to follow I.U.’s and Walker Applegate’s masonry specifications was Aetna’s primary defense…
discussed Cited "see" Kerr v. City of Salt Lake
Utah · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1377-78 (11th Cir.1988) (“[Summary judgment] was intended as a device to diminish the effort, time, and costs associated with unnecessary trials.
discussed Cited "see" Hone v. Advanced Shoring & Underpinning, Inc.
Utah Ct. App. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See Normandeau v. Hanson Equip., Inc., 2009 UT 44, ¶ 11 , 215 P.3d 152 (citing Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375 (11th Cir.1988), an Eleventh Circuit decision from 1988 in which the federal court permitted review of legal denials of summary judgment but not factual denials).
cited Cited "see" Michelle Lind v. United Parcel Service, Inc.
11th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See 835 F.2d at 1377 .
cited Cited "see" Michelle Lind v. United Parcel Service, Inc.
11th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See 835 F.2d at 1277 .
cited Cited "see" Black v. J.I. Case Co., Inc.
5th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Services, Inc., 835 F.2d 1375 , 1378 & n. 7 (11th Cir.1988).
cited Cited "see" Black v. J.I. Case Co., Inc.
5th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Services, Inc., 835 F.2d 1375 , 1378 & n. 7 (11th Cir.1988).
discussed Cited "see" Stuckey v. Northern Propane Gas Co.
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988) ("a party may not rely on the underdeveloped state of facts at the time he moves for summary judgment to undermine a fully-developed set of trial facts which militate against his case").
discussed Cited "see" Stuckey v. Northern Propane Gas Co.
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Serv., Inc., 835 F.2d 1375, 1378 (11th Cir.1988) (“a party may not rely on the underdeveloped state of facts at the time he moves for summary judgment to undermine a fully-developed set of trial facts which militate against his case”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Pia v. URS Energy & Constr., Inc.
S.D. Iowa · 2018 · signal: see also · confidence low
Corp. , 661 F.Supp. 254 , 257 (S.D.N.Y. 1987) (prevailing plaintiff may not recover damages for the period after which he would have been terminated for a non-discriminatory reason; evidence indicated that plaintiff would have lost employment due to staff reductions and thus warranted limited back pay) ); see also Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., Inc. , 835 F.2d 1375 , 1377 (11th Cir. 1988) (finding employer "cannot be held liable for the hiring decisions of other companies absent" convincing evidence to support the plaintiff's claim that he was not hired by the new company replac…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Black v. J.I. Case Co., Inc.
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
Robertson Co., 797 F.2d 1564, 1573 (Fed.Cir.1986), cert. dismissed, 479 U.S. 1072 , 107 S.Ct. 1262 , 94 L.Ed.2d 124 (1987); see also Holley v. Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Servs., 835 F.2d 1375 , 1377–78 (11th Cir.1988) (restricting appeals of denied summary judgment motions if sufficient evidence was adduced for the case to go to the jury or if the evidence had been supplemented or changed in some manner favorable to the party who had opposed the motion for summary judgment); cf. Walther v. Lone Star Gas Co., 952 F.2d 119 , 122–23 (5th Cir.1992) (holding that, in the context of the Age Dis…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Janeral L. HOLLEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, Cross-Appellee,
v.
NORTHROP WORLDWIDE AIRCRAFT SERVICES, INC., Defendant-Appellee, Cross-Appellant
87-3156.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Jan 22, 1988.
835 F.2d 1375
1988 U.S. App. LEXIS 554
1988 WL 144
William D. Wells, Joseph L. Hammons, Hammons, Roark & Whittaker, P.A., Pensacola, Fla., for plaintiff-appellant, cross-appellee., Ralph Peterson, Beggs & Lane, Pensacola, Fla., Richard A. Hibey, Gordon A. Coffee, Washington, D.C., for defendant-appel-lee, cross-appellant.
Hill, Fay, Allgood.
Cited by 42 opinions  |  Published
HILL, Circuit Judge:

This appeal stems from decisions made in the second half of a bifurcated trial. In the first segment a jury determined that Janeral Holley had been unlawfully terminated by Northrop Worldwide Airport Services, Inc., for contacting the United States Department of Labor. [1] The unlawful termination violated 29 U.S.C. Section 215(a)(3), a portion of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The jury further found that criminal proceedings initiated by Holley against Northrop had not been brought “maliciously and without probable cause.” [2]

In the second stage of this case the Honorable Winston Amow, Senior Judge for the Northern District of Florida, formulated a remedy for the wrongful termination of Holley's employment. Judge Arnow granted Holley back pay from the year in which he was first terminated, 1981, until 1983. In 1983 Northrop lost the contract with the United States government under which Holley had been employed, and 100% of Holley’s fellow workers lost their jobs with Northrop. The district court refused to fashion any remedy including amounts Holley might have earned with the company that received the remaining portion of the contract which Northrop lost. Furthermore, although Northrop received a new government contract for a similar flight operation in 1985, the district court declined to reinstate Holley or give him front pay under the 1985 contract. Holley appeals both those decisions.

Northrop cross-appeals, urging that the magistrate should never have denied its summary judgment motion concerning Holley’s claim of retaliatory discharge.

Holley presents uncontroverted statistics of the employment history of his fellow employees following the termination of the 1983 contract. Northrop recommended all the other pilots for employment by the firm that was awarded the contract Northrop had just lost. 75% of Holley’s fellow workers were hired by the new contractor. A few months prior to the termination of the 1983 contract Northrop was informed that it had been awarded a similar contract to begin in early 1985. [3] Nevertheless, a cautious Northrop refused to make any promises of employment to any of the employees which it laid off at the termination of the first contract in 1983.

Beginning some nine months after it had terminated all the employees hired under the old contract, Northrop began to rehire some of those employees. By the time the 1985 contract began a year and a half later, Northrop had rehired a total of 59% of the employees it originally had laid off. 100% of Holley’s fellow employees received jobs from either the new contractor under the[*1377] contract Northrop had lost, or from Northrop under the contract that began in 1985.

NORTHROP’S LIABILITY FOR BACK-PAY OR REINSTATEMENT FOR THE POST-1983 PERIOD

Holley focuses his argument on the allocation of the burden of proof between the two parties. While Holley acknowledges that he bears the initial burden of producing some evidence of economic harm beyond the fixed termination date of the contract, he cites several cases suggesting that the defendant assumes the burden of proof once plaintiff meets that initial burden. See, e.g., Welch v. University of Texas, 659 F.2d 531 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981); Walker v. Ford Motor Co., 684 F.2d 1355 (11th Cir.1982); Nord v. United States Steel Corp., 758 F.2d 1462 (11th Cir.1985). These cases are inapposite; Holley acknowledges that he bore the original burden of proof, and we agree with the district court that Holley never carried that original burden. [4]

We agree with Northrop that it cannot be held liable for the hiring decisions of other companies absent unusual circumstances which are not present in this case. Here, Holley presented nothing more than circumstantial and inconclusive evidence to support the proposition that the employment decisions made by the new company were influenced by Northrop’s recommendation. From the record it is apparent that Northrop’s recommendations were not accepted wholesale: not every employee recommended was hired by the new company. Without more convincing factual data linking the two companies, we cannot conclude that the district judge erred in refusing to award backpay for this time period. [5]

For the same reason we conclude that under the facts of this case Holley is not entitled to back pay or reinstatement under the 1985 contract. Every one of Holley’s co-workers was fired as of September 20, 1983. Only 59% of them were rehired by Northrop, and that reemployment came a year and a half later and under a different contract. [6]

THE DENIAL OF SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON THE RETALIATORY DISCHARGE ISSUE

Northrop cross-appeals, urging this court to rectify what it considered to be a mistaken refusal to grant summary judgment on the critical retaliatory discharge issue. We conclude that Northrop may not appeal the denial of summary judgment in the circumstances of this litigation.

Northrop concedes that by trial the evidence was sufficient to be placed before the jury. Under these circumstances we need not consider whether some additional piece or pieces of evidence actually dictated a different result by the time the judge submitted the issue to the jury.

Summary judgment is designed to weed out those cases so clearly meritorious or so clearly lacking in merit that the full trial process need not be activated to resolve them. Summary judgment was not intended to be a bomb planted within the litigation at its early stages and exploded on appeal; instead, it was intended as a device to diminish the effort, time, and costs associated with unnecessary trials. In keeping with those purposes, we hold that the party whose motion for summary[*1378] judgment was denied may not appeal the motion if the party admits that: (a) by trial the evidence produced by the opposing party was sufficient to be presented to the jury; or (b) by trial the evidence had been supplemented or changed in some manner favorable to the party who opposed summary judgment. [7]

Northrop is unable to produce a binding case to the contrary. Northrop cites a footnote in Jones v. Preuit & Mauldin, 808 F.2d 1435, 1438 n. 1 (11th Cir.1987). However, that case has been vacated pending en banc redetermination of its issues. Johnson v. Bryant, 671 F.2d 1276 (11th Cir.1982) is also not to the contrary: in that case the appellant did not rely on the initial motion for summary judgment, but instead made both a motion for a directed verdict and a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, and appealed the denial of all three. We hold only that a party may not rely on the undeveloped state of the facts at the time he moves for summary judgment to undermine a fully-developed set of trial facts which militate against his case. Finally, Roper v. Edwards, 815 F.2d 1474 (11th Cir.1987) does not demand a contrary holding in this case. Roper involved an appeal from a grant rather than a denial of summary judgment.

The decision of the district court as to damages is AFFIRMED. The cross-appeal by Northrop is DISMISSED.

1

.Holley approached the Department concerning Northrop's failure to initiate a wage determination. The wage determination that resulted increased the pilots' salaries by 35%.

2

. The prosecutor dropped the claims before they reached trial.

3

. The news of this award became official a few months after the termination of the first contract.

4

. Because we find that Holley never even met a minimal initial burden of proof in this situation, we do not need to compare the assignment of the burden of proof in the Title VII cases cited by plaintiff to the assignment in a retaliatory discharge case such as this one.

5

. Because this case falls well outside the realm of cases establishing a sufficient nexus between the old and the new company, we will not attempt to speculate as to whether or when two companies might be so linked that one could be held responsible for the other’s failure to hire an employee wronged by the first company.

6

.Given our resolution of the question of Northrop’s liability under the 1985 contract, we need not address specifically the question of whether Holley should be reinstated or given backpay under that contract.

7

. Other jurisdictions have gone so far as to refuse appeals on all motions for summary judgment. See, e.g., Boyles Galvanizing and Plating Co. v. Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co., 372 F.2d 310 (10th Cir.1967); Glaros v. H.H. Robertson Co., 797 F.2d 1564 (Fed.Cir.1986), cert. dismissed, — U.S.-, 107 S.Ct. 1262, 94 L.Ed.2d 124 (1987).