At page 1000 Determining personal jurisdiction under long-arm statutes36 citing casesJOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judge. Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company, a Missouri corporation, appeals from the district court’s dismissal of its suit against…
- RWP Assocs., LLC d/b/a Price Assocs., P.A. v. World Tech Toys, Inc., No. 5:22-cv-05117 (W.D. Ark. Sept. 20, 2022).Mfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)).
- Antonacci v. Allergan USA, Inc., No. 4:20-cv-01841, 2021 WL 3404024 (E.D. Mo. Aug. 4, 2021).Co. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir. 1988); Falkirk Mining Co. v. Japan Steel Works, Ltd., 906 F.2d 369, 373 (8th Cir. 1990).
- Garnett v. Welenken CPAs, No. 0:18-cv-02590 (D. Minn. Mar. 13, 2019).Mfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir. 1988)).
- Yellow Brick Road, LLC v. Childs, 36 F. Supp. 3d 855 (D. Minn. 2014).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)).
- CruiseCompete, LLC v. Smolinski & Assocs., Inc., 859 F. Supp. 2d 999 (S.D. Iowa 2012).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Westlake Investments, L.L.C. v. MLP Mgmt. L.L.C., 707 F. Supp. 2d 904 (S.D. Iowa 2010).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988); Scullin Steel Co. v. Nat’l Ry.
- Pope v. Elabo GmbH, 588 F. Supp. 2d 1008 (D. Minn. 2008).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988) (citing Aaron Ferer & Sons).
- Remmes v. Int'l Flavors & Fragrances, Inc., 435 F. Supp. 2d 936 (N.D. Iowa 2006).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Int'l Administrators, Inc. v. Pettigrew, 430 F. Supp. 2d 890 (S.D. Iowa 2006).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Remmes v. Int'l Flavors & Fragrances, Inc., 389 F. Supp. 2d 1080 (N.D. Iowa 2005).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
Show 26 more citing cases
- Anne Carlsen Ctr. for Child. v. Gov't of United States Virgin Islands, 356 F. Supp. 2d 1023 (D.N.D. 2005).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)).
- DakColl, Inc. v. Grand Cent. Graphics, Inc., 352 F. Supp. 2d 990 (D.N.D. 2005).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)).
- Zidon v. Pickrell, 344 F. Supp. 2d 624 (D.N.D. 2004).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir. *627 1988)).
- Atkinson v. McLaughlin, 343 F. Supp. 2d 868 (D.N.D. 2004).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)).
- Principal Residential Mortg., Inc. v. Mac-Clair Mortg. Corp., 336 F. Supp. 2d 922 (S.D. Iowa 2004).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Nebraska Beef Ltd. v. KBK Fin., Inc., 288 F. Supp. 2d 985 (S.D. Iowa 2003).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- William A. Epps & Leslie A. Epps, on Behalf of Themselves & All Others Similarly Situated v. Stewart Info. Servs. Corp., 327 F.3d 642 (8th Cir. 2003).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- William A. Epps v. Stewart Info., No. 02-2160 (8th Cir. Apr. 1, 2003).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Med-Tec Iowa, Inc. v. Computerized Imaging Reference Sys., Inc., 223 F. Supp. 2d 1034 (S.D. Iowa 2002).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. City Merch., 176 F. Supp. 2d 951 (E.D. Mo. 2002).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988); Neiman v. Rudolf Wolff & Co., Ltd., 619 F.2d 1189, 1190 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 920 , 101 S.Ct. 319 , 66 L.Ed.2d 148 (1980)).
- Repub. Credit Corp. I v. Rance, 172 F. Supp. 2d 1178 (S.D. Iowa 2001).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Goss Graphic Sys., Inc. v. Man Roland Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft, 139 F. Supp. 2d 1040 (N.D. Iowa 2001).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)); Falkirk Min.
- EFCO Corp. v. Aluma Sys., USA, Inc., 983 F. Supp. 816 (S.D. Iowa 1997).publishedMfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Guinness Imp. Co. v. Mark VII Distributors, Inc., 971 F. Supp. 401 (D. Minn. 1997).publishedPatch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Red Wing Shoe Co. v. Hockerson-Halberstadt, Inc., 966 F. Supp. 833 (D. Minn. 1997).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Digi-Tel Holdings, Inc. v. Proteq Telecomm. (Pte), Ltd., Brustuen Int'l, Inc., Intervenor, 89 F.3d 519 (8th Cir. 1996).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Digi-Tel Holdings v. Proteq Telecom., No. 95-2853 (8th Cir. July 11, 1996).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir. 1988).
- May Dept. Stores Co. v. Wilansky, 900 F. Supp. 1154 (E.D. Mo. 1995).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Dotzler v. Perot, 899 F. Supp. 416 (E.D. Mo. 1995).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988). "[J]urisdiction need not be proved by a preponderance of the evidence until trial or until the court holds an evidentiary hearing." Dakota Indus. v. Dakota Sportswear, 946 F.2d 13…
- Dale S. Rice v. Nova Biomedical Corp. & Robert Christopher, 38 F.3d 909 (7th Cir. 1995).published Co. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988); Carteret Savings Bank, FA v. Shushan, 954 F.2d 141 , 142 n. 1 (3d Cir.1992).
- Piper v. Kassel, 817 F. Supp. 802 (E.D. Mo. 1993).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir. 1988).
- Peabody Holding Co., Inc. v. Costain Grp. PLC, 808 F. Supp. 1425 (E.D. Mo. 1992).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988)), the Court stated: Whatever procedural path the district court chooses to follow determines the plaintiff's burden of proof and the standard to be applied on appeal.
- Cantrell v. Extradition Corp. of Am., 789 F. Supp. 306 (W.D. Mo. 1992).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Dakota Indus., Inc. v. Dakota Sportswear, Inc., 946 F.2d 1384 (8th Cir. 1991).published Mfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988); Falkirk Min.
- Newhard, Cook & Co., a Missouri Corp. v. Inspired Life Centers, Inc., a California Corp., 895 F.2d 1226 (8th Cir. 1990).published Co. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
- Jeffrey Wines & Brett Wines v. Lake Havasu Boat Mfg., Inc., 846 F.2d 40 (8th Cir. 1988).published Co. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1000 (8th Cir.1988).
At page 1001 specific personal jurisdiction found where communications occurred between nonresident defendant and a company residing in the forum, followed by visits by corporate representatives and shipments of products into the forum for inclusion in resident company’s products with an eye toward reaching a p…2 citing cases
- Brown Ex Rel. Rhiner v. Kerkhoff, 504 F. Supp. 2d 464 (S.D. Iowa 2007).published(specific personal jurisdiction found where communications occurred between nonresident defendant and a company residing in the forum, followed by visits by corporate representatives and shipments of products into the fo…)
- Abbey v. Henzel, 731 F. Supp. 1431 (E.D. Mo. 1990).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1001 (8th Cir.1988); Sanders v. United *1434 States, 760 F.2d 869, 871 (8th Cir.1985); Scullin Steel v. National Ry.
At page 1002 “Second, we conclude that exercise of jurisdiction by a court sitting in Missouri is consistent with Patch’s due process rights.”2 citing cases
- Allen Portnoy v. Defiance, Inc., 951 F.2d 169 (8th Cir. 1991).publishedCo. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1002 (8th Cir.1988) quoting from Burger King Corporation v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 476 , 105 S.Ct. 2174, 2184 , 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985): The test of course is whether [defendant] “purposely establishe…
- Sheldon v. S & a RX, INC., 683 F. Supp. 1289 (E.D. Mo. 1988).publishedWatlow Electric Manufacturing Co. v. Patch Rubber Company, 838 F.2d 999, 1002 (8th Cir.1988), citing with approval, Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462 , 105 S.Ct. 2174 , 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985).
At page 1003 dom,” “fortuitous” or “attenuated,” id. at 480, 105 S.Ct. at 2186, 85 L.Ed.2d at 545-46 (quoting Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. 235, 253, 78 S.Ct. 1228, 1239, 2…1 citing case
- Bell Paper Box, Inc. v. Trans W. Polymers, Inc., 53 F.3d 920 (8th Cir. 1995).published Mfg. v. Patch Rubber Co., 838 F.2d 999, 1003 (8th Cir. 1988).
v.
PATCH RUBBER CO., Appellee
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company, a Missouri corporation, appeals from the district court’s dismissal of its suit against Patch Rubber Company, a North Carolina corporation, for lack of personal jurisdiction. Watlow argues that Patch, in the process of buying silicone rubber heaters from Watlow, performed acts sufficient to warrant service of process on it under the Missouri long-arm statute, Mo.Rev. Stat. § 506.500 (1986), and exercise of personal jurisdiction over it by the district court for the Eastern District of Missouri. The district court ruled on the basis of affidavits, which we must view in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and we reverse and remand.
Watlow sued Patch in the district court for the Eastern District of Missouri, claiming that Patch owed Watlow money on a contract for purchase of silicone rubber heaters or, in the alternative, on an open account. Patch has its place of business in North Carolina. Service of process was made under the Missouri long-arm statute, § 506.500. Patch responded with a Fed.R. Civ.P. 12(b)(2) and 12(b)(5) motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction and to quash service of process. Both parties presented affidavits on the motion. The district court concluded that Patch did not “transact any business” in Missouri so as to become amenable to service under the long-arm statute, and therefore the court dismissed the complaint.
In reviewing the district court’s determination regarding personal jurisdiction based on written submissions, as in this case, we must view the facts in the light most favorable to Watlow, Aaron Ferer & Sons v. Diversified Metals Corp., 564 F.2d 1211, 1215 (8th Cir.1977); Scullin Steel Co. v. National Railway Utilization Corp., 676 F.2d 309, 311 (8th Cir.1982); 2A J. Moore and J. Lucas, Moore’s Federal Practice § 12.07[2.-2] (1987); but the burden is on Watlow to make a prima facie showing of jurisdiction, Aaron Ferer & Sons, 564 F.2d at 1215. At trial, the district court must resolve the factual disputes and arrive at an ultimate conclusion as to jurisdiction. See generally Cutco Industries, Inc. v. Naughton, 806 F.2d 361, 364-65 (2d Cir.1986). The burden of proof is then on plaintiff to establish jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence. Marine Midland Bank v. Miller, 664 F.2d 899, 904 (2d Cir.1981); Moore’s Federal Practice, supra.
The facts, taken in the light most favorable to Watlow, are that a Patch representative contacted Watlow in St. Louis by filling out and sending a form postcard preprinted by Watlow requesting a catalog of Watlow products. After receiving the postcard, a Watlow representative contacted Patch in North Carolina about buying silicone rubber heaters from Watlow. Patch sent some of its own heaters to Watlow in Missouri for examination and design changes of the heaters. Negotiations in North Carolina culminated in Patch ordering heaters from Watlow. Patch then sent materials to Watlow in Missouri on at least eight occasions to have Watlow incorporate those materials into the heaters Watlow manufactured for Patch. After Patch had begun ordering heaters from Watlow, Bob Coniam, a Patch manager, “visited Watlow’s plant in St. Louis for approximately 6 hours and met with several of Watlow’s management personnel and engineers regarding the manufacture of heaters by Watlow for [Patch]. Additionally, Mr. Coniam toured the Watlow plant in St. Louis relating to the manufacture of heaters.” Patch also telephoned and “sent” (presumably by mail) orders to Wat-low in Missouri. [1]
[*1001] The question of whether personal jurisdiction over Patch is proper consists of two parts: first, did Patch “transact any business” in Missouri, so as to authorize service of process under the Missouri long-arm statute; and second, did Patch have “minimum contacts” with Missouri, so that exercise of jurisdiction by a court in Missouri would be fair and therefore in accord with due process? See Precision Construction Co. v. J.A. Slattery Co., 765 F.2d 114, 115, 117 (8th Cir.1985).
First, we conclude that Patch’s activities satisfy the “transaction of business” test under Missouri law. The relevant part of the Missouri long-arm statute provides:
1. Any person or firm, whether or not a citizen or resident of this state, or any corporation, who in person or through an agent does any of the acts enumerated in this section, thereby submits such person, firm, or corporation, and, if an individual, his personal representative, to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state as to any cause of action arising from the doing of any of such acts:
(1) The transaction of any business within this state.
Mo.Rev.Stat. § 506.500. In enacting the Missouri long-arm statute, the legislature intended to extend Missouri courts’ jurisdiction within the categories listed in the statute to the full extent permitted by the due process clause. State ex rel. Metal Service Center of Georgia, Inc. v. Gaertner, 677 S.W.2d 325, 327 (Mo.1984) (en banc).
The facts as presented by Watlow establish that Patch satisfied the “transaction of any business” test as interpreted by Missouri courts. The pivotal facts Watlow’s affidavits assert are that Patch sent a representative to Missouri, who engaged in an extended meeting relating to the contract or account in issue; that Patch sent materials to Missouri for Watlow to incorporate in the heaters it made for Patch; and that Patch directed numerous telephone and mail communications relating to the contract or account to Watlow in Missouri, including orders.
In Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co. v. Sam Dick Industries, Inc., 734 S.W.2d 295 (Mo.Ct.App.1987), a combination of interstate telephone and mail communications and a single visit to finalize design of vaporizers constituted “transaction of any business,” permitting Watlow to sue Sam Dick in Missouri on a contract for sale of the vaporizers. The court specifically remarked that a post-contract meeting, as opposed to a meeting to negotiate contracts, was sufficient to meet the “transacting business” requirement. Id. at 298. Patch attempts to distinguish the facts in Sam Dick by arguing that the visit in that ease was said to be essential to the completion of the contract, whereas Coniam’s visit to Watlow was a mere “pleasantry.” Although the Watlow affidavit is somewhat vague about the purpose of Coniam’s visit, it does state that he “met with several of Watlow’s management personnel and engineers regarding the manufacture of heaters by Watlow for [Patch],” and that the visit lasted for six hours. Seen in the light most favorable to Watlow, the facts imply more than a courtesy call and approximate the sort of contact involved in Sam Dick. See also State ex rel. Farmland Industries, Inc. v. Elliott, 560 S.W.2d 60, 63 (Mo.Ct.App.1977) (dictum) (any one of eight negotiation meetings in Missouri would have constituted “transaction of any business”).
Any doubt about the transaction of business test is dispelled by the fact that Patch sent materials to Missouri to be incorporated in the heaters Watlow manufactured. [2] The Missouri Supreme Court has held that similar facts meet the “transaction of business” requirement. State ex rel. Metal Service Center of Georgia, Inc. v. Gaert- [*1002] ner, 611 S.W.2d 325 (Mo.1984) (en banc). In Gaertner, a Georgia corporation solicited a Missouri corporation to perform work on the Georgia corporation’s products. After the parties entered a contract, the Georgia corporation shipped its product to Missouri for the work to be performed, then shipped the product back to Georgia. The Missouri Supreme Court emphasized the importance of the foreign corporation shipping its products to Missouri for the work to be done there; it considered this factor to distinguish Gaertner from Scullin Steel Co. v. National Railway Utilization Corp. 676 F.2d 309 (8th Cir.1982), in which “so far as the opinion shows, Scullin [the plaintiff] obtained its raw materials from other sources, produced the ‘car sets’ as required by the contract, and then shipped them to its customer in another state at the customer’s expense,” Gaertner, 677 S.W.2d at 328, and in which jurisdiction did not lie. See also Precision Construction Co., 765 F.2d at 118 (agreeing with Gaertner that defendant’s shipment of materials to Missouri to be worked on distinguishes facts in Scullin Steel). Patch’s shipment of materials to Missouri to be incorporated in the heaters brings this case within Gaertner.
Both Patch and the district court emphasize that Watlow initiated the relationship between it and Patch. [3] While this weighs in favor of Patch’s position, the combination of shipping material to Missouri for Watlow to incorporate in the heaters and the visit by Patch’s representative convince us that under Missouri law, Patch transacted business in Missouri and is therefore amenable to service under the Missouri long-arm statute.
Second, we conclude that exercise of jurisdiction by a court sitting in Missouri is consistent with Patch’s due process rights. The test, of course, is whether Patch “purposefully established ‘minimum contacts’ in the forum State,” such that “the assertion of personal jurisdiction would comport with ‘fair play and substantial justice.’ ” Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 474, 476, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 2183, 2184, 85 L.Ed.2d 528, 542, 543 (1985) (quoting International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316, 320, 66 S.Ct. 154, 158, 160, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945)). “When the nonresident deliberately establishes ‘continuing relationships and obligations with citizens of another state’ ... and the litigation results from alleged injuries that ‘arise out of or relate to those activities,’ the [Supreme] Court has reasoned that it would not be unfair to compel a nonresident to assume the burdens of litigation in the forum state. Specifically, among contacts held sufficient in various combinations to justify the forum state’s assertion of jurisdiction over a nonresident, are the nonresident’s telephone calls into the forum state, physical presence for business purposes in the forum state, or receipt of substantial profits from commerce with its residents.” Dudley v. Dittmer, 795 F.2d 669, 672 (8th Cir.1986) (citations omitted). As discussed in the long-arm analysis, a nonresident’s shipment of goods to the forum state to be worked on there was also said to be significant in Precision Construction Co., 765 F.2d at 116, 118.
In this case, the combination of interstate communications extending into Missouri, physical presence in Missouri, and shipment of goods to Missouri for performance of what Patch presumably hoped to be a profitable contract all relate to the contract which gave rise to the litigation and all underscore Patch’s willingness to undertake continuing obligations to a Missouri corporation. Cf. Burger King, 471 U.S. at 480, 105 S.Ct. at 2186, 85 L.Ed.2d at 545-46 (defendant’s “voluntary acceptance of the long-term and exacting regulation of his business” by company with forum state headquarters and foreseeability of injury in forum state from breach of contract made jurisdiction in forum state presumptively reasonable). Taking the facts in the light most favorable to Watlow, Patch’s relationship with Missouri was deliberate, not “ran[*1003] dom,” “fortuitous” or “attenuated,” id. at 480, 105 S.Ct. at 2186, 85 L.Ed.2d at 545-46 (quoting Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. 235, 253, 78 S.Ct. 1228, 1239, 2 L.Ed.2d 1283 (1958)) and therefore appears at this stage in the litigation to constitute “minimum contacts” with the forum.
Patch has presented no compelling reasons why exercise of jurisdiction over it would be unfair, see Burger King, 471 U.S. at 475-78, 105 S.Ct. at 2184-85, 85 L.Ed.2d at 543-44, and therefore it would not offend due process to require Patch to litigate liability on its contract in Missouri.
The judgment of the district court is reversed and this case is remanded for further proceedings. The district court must decide the factual issues with respect to jurisdiction and if it concludes that jurisdiction lies, may proceed to consider the merits.
. The affidavits were in strong conflict on many of these issues. For instance, the importance of Coniam's visit to St. Louis was disputed vigorously. The affidavit of Samuel Curto, Patch's General Manager, described Coniam’s visit as a brief one while "on a business trip to Missouri for other purposes.” Coniam stated that he was invited by Watlow's North Carolina representative to tour Watlow’s research facility in St. Louis. He visited the plant and received a tour, but by the time of his visit all work on the sample heat pads (which were the model Wat-low submitted to Patch) had been completed. Coniam states that the discussions with Watlow personnel during his visit were "theoretical in nature, regarding other pads not yet devised.”[*1001] On the other hand, Watlow’s affidavits presented Coniam’s visit as a lengthy (6 hour) and substantive one.
At trial the district court must evaluate this evidence, make findings of facts, and draw the resulting inferences in determining the relative strengths of the parties’ positions.
. The materials Patch sent to Missouri included wire, tubing, cords, and preforms.
. Watlow’s argument that Patch solicited it is based upon a form postcard that Patch mailed to Watlow. The postcard was only a request for information which, if received, would simply have allowed Patch to decide if it was interested in further contact, rather than a request to do business with Watlow. The postcard does not lead to the conclusion that Patch initiated the relationship with Watlow.