United States v. Jeremy Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500 (4th Cir. 1993). · Go Syfert
United States v. Jeremy Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500 (4th Cir. 1993). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
23 citation events (13 in the last 25 years) across 7 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Shawn Crews (ca4, 2024-12-23)
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Shawn Crews
4th Cir. · 2024 · confidence medium
“Due process may be violated in sentencing by the use of inaccurate information” or “by sentencing on information whose accuracy a 2 USCA4 Appeal: 23-4393 Doc: 33 Filed: 12/23/2024 Pg: 3 of 5 defendant has not had a fair opportunity to challenge.” United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir. 1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Reginald Lockhart
4th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir.1993) (citing Chapman v. United States, 500 U.S. 453, 464-65 , 111 S.Ct. 1919 , 114 L.Ed.2d 524 (1991)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Titley
10th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
E.g., United States v. Fink, 499 F.3d 81, 87 (1st Cir.2007) (challenge to 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(B)); United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502-03 (4th Cir.1993) (U.S.S.G. § 4A1.2(d)); United States v. Fair, 194 Fed.Appx. 148, 151-52 (4th Cir. 2006) (U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1); United States v. Stokes, 351 Fed.Appx. 115, 116-17 (7th Cir. 2009) ( 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(A)). 9 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Iacaboni v. United States
D. Mass. · 2003 · confidence medium
United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993) (due process would be violated in sentencing “by the use of inaccurate information”); United States v. Stevens, 851 F.2d 140, 143 (6th Cir.1988) (sentence “must be set aside” when “false information” formed part of its basis); Parks v. United States, 832 F.2d 1244, 1246 (11th Cir.1987) (due process “protects a defendant’s right not to be sentenced on the basis of false information and invalid premises”); United States v. Katzin, 824 F.2d 234, 241 (3d Cir.1987) (“[Sentencing based on a mistaken factual assumption vio…
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Conway
4th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. McKissick
10th Cir. · 2000 · confidence medium
See also United States v. Mendiola, 42 F.3d 259, 261-62 (5th Cir.1994) (rejecting an equal protection and due process attack on U.S.S.G. § 2P1.1(b)(3) where the defendant argued his rights were violated by the incorporation of state law in determining whether he was entitled to a reduction in his sentence under the guidelines); United States v. Cure, 996 F.2d 1136, 1139-41 (11th Cir.1993) (rejecting the same argument put forth in Lender , and stating when Congress expressly indicates an intent to incorporate diverse state laws in defining a predicate offense, the Supreme Court’s preference …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Young
4th Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
This court rejected a similar argument in United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir. 1993) (alleged disparity in the use of juvenile records in calculating criminal history scores).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Larry Dean Cox
4th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Due process forbids a sentence based "on information whose accuracy a defendant has not had a fair opportunity to challenge." United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Michael Stephon Griffin
4th Cir. · 1993 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir. 1993) (no equal protection violation in use of offenses committed prior to age eighteen for criminal history despite differing availability of state juvenile records); United States v. Lender, 985 F.2d 151 , 156 n. * (4th Cir. 1993) (deference to state law concerning characteristics of prior offense does not violate equal protection). 4 We therefore affirm the sentence imposed.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Sampson
1st Cir. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
Id. (citations omitted); see United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir. 1993) (quoting Chapman for the proposition that "the relevant due process inquiry on [a constitutional challenge in the sentencing context] is only whether the sentence at issue is 'based -26- on an arbitrary distinction,' or, instead, on 'a rational sentencing scheme'").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Gary Lee Sampson
1st Cir. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
Id. (citations omitted); see United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir.1993) (quoting Chapman for the proposition that “the relevant due process inquiry on [a constitutional challenge in the sentencing context] is only whether the sentence at issue is ‘based on an arbitrary distinction,’ or, instead, on ‘a rational sentencing scheme’ ”).
cited Cited "see" In re M.P.
Tex. App. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993); United States v. Musa, 946 F.2d 1297, 1306-08 (7th Cir.1991); see also Tex.Code CRiM.
cited Cited "see" In Re MP
Tex. App. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993); United States v. Musa, 946 F.2d 1297, 1306-08 (7th Cir. 1991); see also TEX.CODE CRIM.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Humphrey Jones (2×)
4th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993); United States v. Headspeth, 852 F.2d 753, 755 (4th Cir.1988). 18 Here, the district court included the additional seven grams based on the presentence report.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Jones (2×)
4th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir. 1993); United States v. Headspeth, 852 F.2d 753, 755 (4th Cir. 1988).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Alan Quinones
unknown court · 2002 · signal: see also · confidence medium
But a person who has been so convicted is eligible for, and the court may impose, whatever punishment is authorized by statute for his offense, so long as that penalty is not cruel and unusual, and so long as the penalty is not based on an arbitrary distinction that would violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. 68 500 U.S. at 465 , 111 S.Ct. 1919 (internal citations omitted); see also United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir.1993) (quoting Chapman, 500 U.S. at 465 , 111 S.Ct. 1919 , for the proposition that "the relevant due process inquiry on [a constitutional chall…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Quinones
unknown court · 2002 · signal: see also · confidence medium
But a person who has been so convicted is eligible for, and the court may impose, whatever punishment is authorized by statute for his offense, so long as that penalty is not cruel and unusual, and so long as the penalty is not based on an arbitrary distinction that would violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. 500 U.S. at 465 , 111 S.Ct. 1919 (internal citations omitted); see also United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 503 (4th Cir.1993) (quoting Chapman, 500 U.S. at 465 , 111 S.Ct. 1919 , for the proposition that “the relevant due process inquiry on [a constitutional challe…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." World Publishing Co. v. White (2×)
Okla. · 2001 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500 (4th Cir.1993) [Failure to seal a juvenile record required by statute did not violate due process rights, because there was no violation of a right arising to the level of constitutional protection.]. [39] A prerogative writ will issue to arrest the unauthorized or excessive use of judicial force.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State ex rel. Aaron v. King
W. Va. · 1997 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also United States v. Inglesi, 988 F.2d 500, 502 (4th Cir.1993) (“Due process may be violated in sentencing by the use of inaccurate information”) (citing United States v. Headspeth, 852 F.2d 753, 755 (4th Cir.1988)).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Jeremy INGLESI, Defendant-Appellant
92-5208.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
Mar 15, 1993.
988 F.2d 500
1993 U.S. App. LEXIS 4656
1993 WL 69189
Rebecca Anne Mathews, Charleston, WV, argued, for defendant-appellant., Phillip B. Scott, Office of the U.S. Atty., Charleston, WV, argued (Michael W. Carey, U.S. Atty., J. Kirk Brandfass, Asst. U.S. Atty., on brief), for plaintiff-appellee.
Phillips, Murnaghan, Sprouse.
Cited by 23 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 3 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 92%
Citer courts: Fourth Circuit (3)

OPINION

PHILLIPS, Circuit Judge:

Jeremy Inglesi appeals the sentence imposed when he pled guilty to an indictment for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. He contends that the district court violated his Fifth Amendment rights to due process and equal protection of the law by relying on a presentence report that factored his Ohio juvenile record into his criminal history calculation in accordance with U.S. Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual § 4A1.2(d) (November 1991). We find no reversible error and affirm.

[*502] I

It is uncontested that, despite repeated requests from Inglesi’s counsel and two continuations of his sentencing hearing, the State of Ohio never released copies of In-glesi’s juvenile record to counsel, to the court, or to Timothy Casey, the probation officer who prepared Inglesi’s presentence report. Instead, a probation officer reviewing the record in Ohio relayed its contents to Casey. When Inglesi objected to the inclusion of the juvenile convictions in the presentence report, the Ohio probation officer reviewed the juvenile record again to confirm the report’s accuracy.

Based on this review, Casey answered Inglesi’s objections in an Addendum to the presentence report and assured the district court at Inglesi’s sentencing hearing that the report was reliable. The court then accepted the report as offered, denying In-glesi’s motion to strike the reference to his juvenile record. The report combined a criminal history category of IV with an offense level of 24, recommending a guideline sentencing range of 77-96 months. Guidelines Manual §§ 2D1.4, 4A1.1. In-glesi received a 26-month downward departure for cooperating with the government, yielding a final sentence of 51 months’ imprisonment and four years’ supervised release. This appeal followed.

II

Inglesi argues first that the district court effectively incorporated in its sentencing process a due process violation committed by the State of Ohio when it failed to perform a statutory duty to seal the juvenile record or to notify Inglesi of his right to have it sealed. Ohio Rev.Code § 2151.358(C). This argument fails. A mere violation of state law, standing alone, does not violate the United States Constitution; to have that effect it must “rise for some other reason to the level of a denial of rights protected by [that] Constitution.” Barclay v. Florida, 463 U.S. 939, 957-58, 103 S.Ct. 3418, 3429, 77 L.Ed.2d 1134 (1983); Barfield v. Harris, 719 F.2d 58, 61 (4th Cir.1983) cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1210, 104 S.Ct. 2401, 81 L.Ed.2d 357 (1984). The violation alleged here does not rise to that level.

Due process may be violated in sentencing by the use of inaccurate information, United States v. Headspeth, 852 F.2d 753, 755 (4th Cir.1988), but no inaccuracy has been shown here. Inglesi’s challenge is essentially to the information’s use; he only disputed the presentence report’s accuracy in the one respect that it showed that he was not, as he claimed, once sentenced in absentia. As to this one disputed point, the district court properly inquired into and accepted the accuracy of the report’s representation, J.A. 13-14, 26. This satisfied both the constitutional requirement of accuracy and the fact-finding requirement of Fed.R.Crim.Proc. 32(c)(3)(D). See United States v. Terry, 916 F.2d 157, 162 (4th Cir.1990).

Due process might also be denied by sentencing on information whose accuracy a defendant has not had a fair opportunity to challenge, and Inglesi argues that this is what occurred here, pointing to his counsel’s lack of copies of his juvenile record, and citing United States v. Curran, 926 F.2d 59, 61-62 (1st Cir.1991), where such a denial was found. But unlike the defendant in Curran, Inglesi had ample opportunity to challenge the presentence report’s representation of his juvenile record. Sentencing was continued twice on defense counsel's motion in order for counsel to confirm the accuracy of that representation. J.A. 13. No contention is made that confirmation was impossible by reason of factors beyond counsel’s control. Indeed, on oral argument in this court, counsel conceded that Inglesi, at her direction, was able personally to inspect his Ohio records for accuracy and to report his inspection to her. Under the circumstances, the court did not err in failing sua sponte to order release of the records for court use.

Finally, Inglesi argues that the Sentencing Guidelines (specifically, we presume, § 4A1.2(d)) violate his Fifth Amendment right to equal protection by creating two classes of similarly situated defendants[*503] who are subject to gross disparities in sentencing depending on whether their juvenile records are accessible for incorporation into criminal history calculations — that is, depending upon whether or not defendants live in states that seal such records. Ingle-si maintains that this classification and the resulting disparities have no rational basis, see, e.g., United States v. Roberts, 915 F.2d 889, 891 (4th Cir.1990), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1079, 112 L.Ed.2d 1184 (1991), but instead actually confound the Sentencing Guidelines’ primary purpose of fostering uniformity and fairness in sentencing.

We reject this constitutional challenge, noting at the outset that in the sentencing context, “an argument based on equal protection essentially duplicates an argument based on due process,” Chapman v. United States, — U.S. -, -, 111 S.Ct. 1919, 1927, 114 L.Ed.2d 524 (1991), and that the relevant due process inquiry on such a challenge is only whether the sentence at issue is “based on an arbitrary distinction,” or, instead, on “a rational sentencing scheme.” Id. at -, -, 111 S.Ct. at 1927, 1928.

Here we conclude that any distinction in sentencing potential resulting from the availability of some but not all state juvenile records for use in federal sentencing under the provisions of Guidelines § 4A1.2(d) is not an arbitrary one but is based on a rational sentencing scheme. In the first place, Inglesi does “not claim that the sentencing scheme at issue here has actually produced an arbitrary array of sentences, nor did [his] motions in district court contain any proof of actual disparities in sentencing.” Chapman, — U.S. at -, 111 S.Ct. at 1928. His challenge is based solely on the inherent potential for disparities arising from the uneven availability of state court juvenile records. But the Sentencing Guidelines, taking specific note of the fact that “[attempting to count every juvenile adjudication would have the potential for creating large disparities due to the differential availability of records,” Guidelines Manual § 4A1.2 comm. n. 7, significantly limit the types of juvenile convictions that may be counted for criminal history purposes. First off, to avoid disparities that would result simply from the fact that different states use different ages in defining juveniles, § 4A1.2(d) does not borrow state categories of “juvenile” offenses, but uses the single category, “Offenses Committed Prior to Age Eighteen,” whether or not by one then a “juvenile” under state law. Within this universe of youthful offenses, the possibility of large disparities is further flattened by allowing only those that resulted in adult sentences of imprisonment exceeding thirteen months, or in adult or juvenile sentences or releases from confinement of those sentences within five years of commencement of the federal offense of conviction. Id.

So constrained, and in the absence of any evidence of an actual array of significant disparities resulting from this particular scheme for counting youthful offenses, we conclude that it is not arbitrary but bears a rational relationship to the goal of having sentences accurately reflect a defendant’s past behavior, which is “a critical factor in sentencing when determining a possible potential for rehabilitation.” United States v. Madison, 689 F.2d 1300, 1315 (7th Cir.1982), ce rt. denied, 459 U.S. 1117, 103 S.Ct. 754, 74 L.Ed.2d 971 (1983), (cited in United States v. Bucaro, 898 F.2d 368, 373 n. 8 (3d Cir.1990)).

Accordingly, we find no equal protection/due process violation in the use of Inglesi’s Ohio juvenile records in determining his criminal history for sentencing purposes pursuant to Guidelines § 4A1.2(d).

AFFIRMED.