Robbins v. Growney, 229 A.D.2d 356 (N.Y. App. Div. 1996). · Go Syfert
Robbins v. Growney, 229 A.D.2d 356 (N.Y. App. Div. 1996). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
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cited 5× by 5 distinct cases, 2023–2025 · 2 courts · …bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense at p. 358
39 citation events (32 in the last 25 years) across 8 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Commissioners of the State Ins. Fund v. PPA Holding Corp. (nysupctnewyork, 2025-06-13)
Treatment trajectory · 1997 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1997 2011 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 23 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Commissioners of the State Ins. Fund v. PPA Holding Corp.
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2025 · confidence medium
LLC v Chelseamilk LLC, 220 AD3d 565 , 566 [1st Dept 2024], citing Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Commissioners of the State Ins. Fund v. PPA Holding Corp.
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2025 · confidence medium
LLC v Chelseamilk LLC, 220 AD3d 565 , 566 [1st Dept 2024], citing Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP v. HoganWillig, PLLC
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2025 · confidence medium
Discussion The Appellate Division, First Department has held that “bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense” (Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996] [dismissing affirmative defenses]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP v. Hoganwillig, PLLC
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2025 · confidence medium
Discussion The Appellate Division, First Department has held that “bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense” (Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996] [dismissing affirmative defenses]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) 40th St. Tenants Corp. v. Eshaghian
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2025 · confidence medium
LLC v Chelseamilk LLC, 220 AD3d 565 , 566 [1st Dept 2023] citing Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fiondella v. 345 W. 70th Tenants Corp.
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2024 · confidence medium
Dismissal is warranted where the affirmative defenses only plead conclusions of law without any supporting facts (Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]; Bank of Am., NA v 414 Midland Av.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) American Express Natl. Bank v. Blanchard's Contr. LLC
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2024 · confidence medium
The affirmative defenses raised in defendants’ answer are bare and conclusory, without supporting factual allegations, and thus insufficient to oppose summary judgment (Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]) (“bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chelsea 8th Ave. LLC v. Chelseamilk LLC
N.Y. App. Div. · 2023 · confidence medium
Turning to the affirmative defenses, we agree with plaintiffs that the court should have dismissed the first affirmative defense asserting that the "[c]omplaint should be dismissed pursuant to CPLR 3211" as "bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense" ( see Robbins v Growney , 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chelsea 8th Ave. LLC v. Chelseamilk LLC
N.Y. App. Div. · 2023 · confidence medium
Turning to the affirmative defenses, we agree with plaintiffs that the court should have dismissed the first affirmative defense asserting that the "[c]omplaint should be dismissed pursuant to CPLR 3211" as "bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense" ( see Robbins v Growney , 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Colon v. Davis
N.D.N.Y. · 2023 · confidence medium
(Pls.' Opp to defendant Selene's raised or decided”) (quoting Woods v. Dunlop Tire Corp., Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 42-26 at 1.) Specifically, 972 F.2d 36, 38 (2d Cir. 1992) ); Robbins v. Growney, 229 plaintiffs now argue, in conclusory fashion, that at A.D.2d 356, 645 N.Y.S.2d 791, 792 (N.Y.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chrysler E. Bldg., L.L.C. v. Keenwawa, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2023 · confidence medium
The tenant's affirmative defenses should have been dismissed as well, as they consisted of nothing more than bare legal conclusions, which are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense, and the tenant presents no factual or legal bases in its appeal briefs for maintaining the affirmative defenses ( see Robbins v Growney , 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chrysler E. Bldg., L.L.C. v. Keenwawa, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2023 · confidence medium
The tenant's affirmative defenses should have been dismissed as well, as they consisted of nothing more than bare legal conclusions, which are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense, and the tenant presents no factual or legal bases in its appeal briefs for maintaining the affirmative defenses ( see Robbins v Growney , 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sky East, LLC v. Franco
N.Y. App. Div. · 2022 · confidence medium
However, we affirm on the alternate ground that the tenant's defense is barred by the res judicata effect of the June 4, 2018 decision which denied vacatur of the default judgment against him in a prior nonpayment proceeding brought by the landlord ( see Robbins v Growney , 229 AD2d 356, 357 [1st Dept 1996]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Natixis Real Estate Capital Trust 2007-HE2 v. Natixis Real Estate Capital, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
Nor should the affirmative defense be deemed waived on the ground that it is too conclusory (see Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Carlyle, LLC v. Beekman Garage LLC
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
The fifth, sixth, and eighth defenses were properly dismissed because they consist of bare legal conclusions (see Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP v. Modell
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
Partnership v Kaplan & Kaplan, PLLC, 52 AD3d 417 [1st Dept 2008], lv denied 11 NY3d 707 [2008]; Sarasota, Inc. v Kurzman & Eisenberg, LLP, 28 AD3d 237 [1st Dept 2006]). *535 The motion court correctly declined to dismiss the affirmative defenses at this point in the litigation since they are supported by more than bare legal conclusions (see Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 358 [1st Dept 1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Swiatkowski v. Citibank
E.D.N.Y · 2010 · confidence medium
Carriers Corp., 250 A.D.2d 482 , 673 N.Y.S.2d 631, 632 (1998) (“[T]he doctrine of res judicata, or claim preclusion, forecloses a party from relitigating a cause of action that was the subject matter of a former lawsuit, or from raising issues or defenses that might have been litigated in the first suit.”); Robbins v. Growney, 229 A.D.2d 356 , 645 N.Y.S.2d 791, 792 (1996) (“ ‘The doctrine of res judicata is applicable ... to defenses raised in the prior action or which, though not raised, could have been.’ ” (quoting 119 Rosset Corp. v. Blimpy of N.Y.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Caldwell v. Gutman, Mintz, Baker & Sonnenfeldt, P.C
E.D.N.Y · 2010 · confidence medium
Carriers Corp., 250 A.D.2d 482 , 673 N.Y.S.2d 631, 632 (1998) (“[T]he doctrine of res judicata, or claim preclusion, forecloses a party from relitigating a cause of *352 action that was the subject matter of a former lawsuit, or from raising issues or defenses that might have been litigated in the first suit.”); Robbins v. Groumey, 229 A.D.2d 356 , 645 N.Y.S.2d 791, 792 (1996) (“ ‘The doctrine of res judicata is applicable ... to defenses raised in the prior action or which, though not raised, could have been.’ ” (quoting 119 Rosset Corp. v. Blimpy of N.Y.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Tonken v. Loving & Weintraub Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1998 · confidence medium
See Clarkstown Recycling Center, Inc. v. Parker, Chapin Flattau & Klimpl, LLP, 1 F.Supp.2d 327, 329 (S.D.N.Y.1998); Nembhard v. Citibank, N.A., No. CV-96-3330 (CPS), 1996 WL 622197 , at *2 (E.D.N.Y.1996); Robbins v. Growney, 229 A.D.2d 356 , 645 N.Y.S.2d 791, 792 (1st Dep’t 1996); 1119 Rosset Corp. v. Blimpy of New York Corp., 65 A.D.2d 683 , 409 N.Y.S.2d 735, 736 (N.Y.A.D. 1st Dept. 1978) (stating that “the doctrine of res judi-cata is applicable ... to defenses raised in the prior action or which, though not raised, could have been”).
discussed Cited "see" Ellison v. Schulte
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2024 · signal: accord · confidence high
And, as plaintiff contends (NYSCEF No. 56 at 5-7), the question whether defendant is entitled to have the co-op shares transferred to her (even absent the co-op board's consent) was already litigated in a related Surrogate's Court proceeding—and resolved there against defendant. ( See Matter of Schulte , 2016 WL 1546922 , at *3-4 [Sur Ct, NY County Apr. 14, 2016]; accord Matter of Schulte , 2022 NY Slip Op 34000[U] , at *3-4 [Sur Ct, NY County 2022], affd 220 AD3d 586, 587 [1st Dept 2023], lv denied 42 NY3d 905 [2024].) These affirmative defenses are therefore barred by both claim and issue …
discussed Cited "see" Commissioners of State Insurance Fund v. Ramos
N.Y. App. Div. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
The motion court, in the first order on appeal, correctly dismissed the defense as pleading only a bare legal conclusion without supporting facts (CPLR 3013; see Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356, 357-358 [1996]).
discussed Cited "see" Yang v. Korea First Bank
N.Y. App. Div. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
Thus, plaintiffs’ present claim is barred by res judicata because it could have been raised as a defense in the first action, and would, if recognized, “destroy or impair the ‘rights * * * established by the first [action]’ ” (supra, at 461; see, Robbins v Growney, 229 AD2d 356 ).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Hassan Gen. Contr. Corp. v. 224-30 Eighth Ave LLC
N.Y. Sup. Ct., New York Cty. · 2026 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Robbins v. Growney, 229 A.D.2d 356, 358 [1st Dept. 1996].
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Norman Robbins
v.
E. Michael Growney, and Kazi Hasan
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.
Jul 25, 1996.
229 A.D.2d 356
Cited by 33 opinions  |  Published

—Order of the Supreme Court, New York County (Alice Schlesinger, J.), entered September 25, 1995, which denied plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss defendant Hasan’s second and third affirmative defenses, is unanimously reversed to the extent appealed from, on the law, without costs or disburse[*357] ments, and plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss said affirmative defenses is granted.

Plaintiffs obtained a default judgment against Hasan Growney Co., Inc., a brokerage firm in which the defendants herein were the sole shareholders, directors and principal officers. Thereafter, the Supreme Court denied a motion by the corporation and defendant Hasan to vacate the default judgment on the grounds it had been obtained by fraud. This action was commenced by plaintiffs to pierce the corporate veil against the individual defendants with respect to the unsatisfied judgment. Defendant Hasan raised as a first affirmative defense plaintiffs’ failure to state a cause of action; the second affirmative defense alleged plaintiffs’ fraud in procuring the judgment against the corporation; the third affirmative defense alleged laches and bad faith giving rise to an estoppel.

The fraud defense was not interposed in the underlying action against the corporation. The corporation defaulted in opposing plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment, which established the corporation’s indebtedness to plaintiffs. Defendant Hasan’s motion to vacate the default, in which he raised the fraud defense, was denied by the Supreme Court and the defense rejected; no appeal was taken from that denial. Accordingly, the second affirmative defense, i.e., that the judgment against the corporation was procured by fraud and illegal behavior should have been dismissed as barred by the doctrines of res judicata and collateral estoppel. "The doctrine of res judicata is applicable to a judgment taken by default which has not been vacated (Spindell v Brooklyn Jewish Hosp., 35 AD2d 962, affd 29 NY2d 888), as well as to defenses raised in the prior action or which, though not raised, could have been. (See, Rosenberg v Del-Mar Div., Champion Int. Corp., 56 AD2d 576, 9 Carmody-Wait 2d, NY Prac, § 63:208.) The rule has been stated thus: 'A judgment in one action is conclusive in a later one not only as to any matters actually litigated therein, but also as to any that might have been so litigated, when the two causes of action have such a measure of identity that a different judgment in the second would destroy or impair rights or interests established by the first’ (Schuylkill Fuel Corp. v B. & C. Nieberg Realty Corp., 250 NY 304, 306-307).” (119 Rosset Corp. v Blimpy of N. Y. Corp., 65 AD2d 683, 684.)

The third affirmative defense asserts, inter alia, that in commencing this action the plaintiffs are guilty of "laches and bad faith” because they knew that the prior judgment was against the corporation and that defendants have no liability for a judgment against a corporation "which was not operated as[*358] the alter egos of defendants herein”. In this affirmative defense, defendants set forth no factual basis for the allegations of laches or bad faith and merely allege that the allegations in the complaint are untrue. The bare legal conclusions are insufficient to raise an affirmative defense and the IAS Court should, therefore, have also dismissed this third affirmative defense (see, Bentivegna v Meenan Oil Co., 126 AD2d 506, 508). Concur—Sullivan, J. P., Ellerin, Ross, Nardelli and Williams, JJ.