Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220 (Ohio 1991). · Go Syfert
Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220 (Ohio 1991). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
231 citation events (194 in the last 25 years) across 13 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: American Security & Audio Video Systems, Inc. v. Prep TMT, LLC (ohnd, 2025-09-11)
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Citations from separate opinions of courts that could overrule this case. This is a warning signal, not a treatment change. The flag color above is unaffected.
Concurrence LGR Realty, Inc. v. Frank & London Ins. Agency (2018)
“In reaching this result, we relied on the fact that "[t]he legislature's express inclusion of a discovery rule for certain torts arising under R.C. 2305.09, including fraud and conversion, implies the exclusion of other torts arising under the statute, including negligence." Id. at 181 , 546 N.E.2d 206 . {¶ 37} Two years later, we decided Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc. , 57 Ohio St.3d…”
Dissent Schumacher v. Kreiner (2000)
“Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 .”
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) American Security & Audio Video Systems, Inc. v. Prep TMT, LLC
N.D. Ohio · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the ohio supreme court has held that only intended third-party beneficiaries may assert rights to contracts to which they are not party.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Santagate v. Pennsylvania Higher Edn. Assistance Agency
Ohio Ct. App. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in ohio
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Long v. Mount Carmel Health Sys. (3×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2017 · signal: accord · quote attribution · 3 verbatim quotes · confidence high
only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in ohio.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) GGB Management Company v. J.P. Farley Corporation (2×)
N.D. Ohio · 2023 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
third-party beneficiaries have the rights of the parties in privity of contract.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Inc. v. Adkins
S.D. Ohio · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
it is a well- settled principle of contract law that only a party to a contract or an intended third- party beneficiary may bring an action on a contract.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Torrance v. Rom (2×)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2020 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
only a party to a contract or an intended third- party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in ohio.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Taylor v. Honda Motorcars, Inc. (2×)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
only a party to a contract or an intended third- party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in ohio.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Schneider v. Eady, 07ca009273 (12-22-2008)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2008 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in ohio.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kevin A. Tolliver v. Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections, et al.
S.D. Ohio · 2026 · confidence medium
Ohio 2014) (citing Doner v. Snapp, 649 N.E.2d 42, 44 (Ohio 1994)). “[O]nly a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract.” Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Michael Ammann v. VNTG Place LTD.
N.D. Ohio · 2026 · confidence medium
Additionally, the Ohio Supreme Court has held that “[o]nly a party to a contract or an intended third party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio.” Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 160 (1991), citing Visintine & Co. v. New York, Chicago, & St.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wells v. Right Choice Contracting, L.L.C.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2026 · confidence medium
Further, “only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary may bring an action on a contract in Ohio.” Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991); accord Stride Studios, Inc. v. Alsfelder, 2023-Ohio-1502, ¶ 20 (1st Dist.).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Foster v. North East Correctional
N.D. Ohio · 2025 · confidence medium
Thornton v. Windsor House, 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Capital One, N.A. v. Outland
unknown court · 2025 · confidence medium
Under Ohio law, “only a party to a contract, or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract, may bring an action on a contract.” Id., citing Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rupp v. Premier Health Partners
Ohio Ct. App. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio.” Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 160 (1991), citing Visintine & Co. v. New York, Chicago, & St.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pirl v. Equinor USA Onshore Properties Inc.
S.D. Ohio · 2024 · confidence medium
A. Standing Under Ohio law, “only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract.” Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Stanley v. Historic Newark Basket, LLC
S.D. Ohio · 2024 · confidence medium
“Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio.” Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991) (citing Visintine & Co. v. New York, Chicago, & St.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Miller Transp., Inc. v. Hocking Athens Perry Community Action
D.C. · 2024 · confidence medium
No. 108818, 2020-Ohio-3971, ¶ 23 ; Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Shamrock Restoration, L.L.C. v. Muncy
Ohio Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Warren No. CA2006-07-028, 2007-Ohio-1552, ¶ 7 , quoting Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991). "'[T]he test for determining who is a real party in interest is: 'Who would be entitled to damages?'" Givens v. Longwell, 7th Dist.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Versatex, LLC v. Duracell Manufacturing LLC
S.D. Ohio · 2023 · confidence medium
ID 627.) Under Ohio law, “[o]nly a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract.” Gant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991), The Agreement does not mention XLC by name, and Plaintiffs do not allege that XLC was a party under the Agreement.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Benchmark Construction Co., Inc. v. City of Lima, Ohio
N.D. Ohio · 2022 · confidence medium
Health Partners, 2017 WL 3597422 , at *1 (6th Cir.) (quoting Grant Thorton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St. 3d 158, 161 (1991)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Honeywell Internatl., Inc. v. Vanderlande Industries, Inc.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
It instead argues that it has standing because it "has a direct interest in whether" the nonsolicitation provision in Honeywell's employment contracts "is valid and enforceable." If the employee contracts are deemed invalid or unenforceable, Vanderlande argues, it cannot therefore be held liable for tortiously interfering with the nonsolicitation provision. {¶ 10} The trial court summarized Vanderlande's standing argument as follows: "[e]ssentially, Vanderlande is alleging that, because Honeywell has filed a lawsuit alleging Vanderlande tortiously interfered with its employees, Vanderlande ha…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sinmier, LLC v. Everest Indemnity Insurance Company
N.D. Ohio · 2021 · confidence medium
As movants point out, “[o]nly a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio”, Grant Thorton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St. 3d 158, 161 (1991), and “[a]n incidental or indirect benefit to the third party is not sufficient to provide the third party with a cause of action”, Caruso v. Nat’l City Mortg.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) APCO Industries, Inc. v. Braun Constr. Group, Inc.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
We disagree. {¶ 52} "Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio." Grant Thorton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Chang v. Time Warner Cable
Ohio Ct. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
"Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio." Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) LGR Realty, Inc. v. Frank & London Ins. Agency
Ohio · 2018 · confidence medium
We framed the issue before us for review as "whether this court intends to stand by our 1989 decision in Investors REIT One v. Jacobs ." Grant Thornton at 160, 566 N.E.2d 1220 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) Portage Community Bank v. Fazio
Ohio Ct. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
Montgomery No. 24741, 2012-Ohio-1428, ¶14 , quoting Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Keehan Tennessee Invest., L.L.C. v. Praetorium Secured Fund I, L.P.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Rather, appellants raise three arguments in support of their position that enforcement of the forum selection clauses was unreasonable and unjust. {¶32} Appellants first assert the clause was enforced against non-parties to the loan commitments. {¶33} “Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio.” Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991), citing Visintine & Co. v. New York, Chicago, & St.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Asia-Pacific Futures Research Symposium Planning Commt. v. Kent State Univ.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Intended third-party beneficiaries “have the rights of parties in privity of contract and thus may bring suit for breach of contract or to enforce performance.” Id. at *9, citing Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991) (contrasting incidental and intended third-party beneficiaries).
cited Cited as authority (rule) LHPT Columbus, L.L.C. v. Capitol City Cardiology, Inc.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
No. 08AP-487, 2009-Ohio-2164, ¶ 40 , citing Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Midfirst Bank v. Wallace
Ohio Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Wallace failed to do so. -4- Warren CA2013-12-122 Mortgage Assignment {¶ 13} Finally, Wallace argues that the trial court erred in relying on a mortgage assignment that was not drafted by an Ohio-licensed attorney. {¶ 14} However, "[o]nly a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio." Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991); Cline v. Mtge.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Harding
Ohio Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
"Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio." Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991). {¶ 29} Here, defendants claim that contractual privity exists because they and Waterford are subject to contracts that are part of the same loan transaction.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pearson v. Ewing
Ohio Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
According to the Ohio Supreme Court, "only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio." Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cline v. Mtge. Electronic Registration Sys., Inc.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
No. 93APE11-1518 (May 26, 1994), quoting Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991). {¶ 14} Though certain contractual agreements may or may not exist between the two entities at issue here, appellant does not allege how this has any impact on her obligations under the contract into which she entered so as to be entitled to quiet title under R.C. 5303.01.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Schreiber v. State Farm Insurance
S.D. Ohio · 2007 · confidence medium
Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991), citing Visintine & Co. v. New York, C. & St.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Tamayo v. Brainstorm USA
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
In Ohio, “[o]nly a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract.” Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Merzin v. Provident Financial Group, Inc.
S.D. Ohio · 2004 · confidence medium
Defendants’ second theory is that the Plaintiffs are not intended third-party beneficiaries to the merger contract, and that it is settled under Ohio law that “only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio” (doc. 20, citing Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (1991)).
discussed Cited "see" Nazareth Deli, L.L.C. v. John W. Dawson Ins., Inc.
Ohio Ct. App. · 2022 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161-62 (1991) (following Investors REIT); Fronczak v. Arthur Andersen, L.L.P., 124 Ohio App.3d 240, 243 (10th Dist.1997) (holding that, pursuant to Investors REIT and Thornton, the appellant's "accountant negligence claims accrued when the allegedly negligent conduct was committed").
discussed Cited "see" Ada Solutions, Inc. v. Meadors (2×)
D. Mass. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (1991).
discussed Cited "see" Buckner v. Bank of New York
Ohio Ct. App. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ohio Contractors Assn. v. Bicking, 71 Ohio St.3d 318 (1994). {¶ 15} "Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio." Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1991); Cline v. Mtge.
examined Cited "see" In re Estate of Boone (4×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ohio Ct. App. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton, 57 Ohio St.3d at 161 , 566 N.E.2d 1220 . {¶ 27} On the other hand, Ferguson, 2003-Ohio-4504 , 2003 WL 22006833 , is not precedent for this court.
discussed Cited "see" Local 219 Plumbing & Pipe-Fitting Industry Pension Fund v. Buck Consultants, LLC (2×)
6th Cir. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 566 N.E.2d 1220 (1991).
discussed Cited "see" B. & v. Distributing Co. v. Dottore Companies, LLC (2×)
6th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (1991). 4 Thus, the viability of *485 Battler’s claim in this case for an individual breach-of-contract recovery turns upon his ability to allege and prove that he is either a party to or an intended third-party beneficiary of the agreement alleged in the complaint.
cited Cited "see" Merz v. Motorists Mut. Ins. Co., Ca2006-08-203 (5-14-2007)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 161 (an intended third-party beneficiary of the contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio). *Page 1
discussed Cited "see" Bishop v. Oakstone Academy (2×)
S.D. Ohio · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 , 566 N.E.2d 1220 (1991).
cited Cited "see" Heskett v. Van Horn Title Agency, Unpublished Decision (12-26-2006)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2006 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton , at 161.
discussed Cited "see" Kirby v. Cole (2×)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 , 566 N.E.2d 1220 .
discussed Cited "see" Corporex Development Constr. v. Shook, Unpublished Decision (3-23-2004) (2×)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2004 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 161 , certiorari denied, 502 U.S. 822 , 112 S.Ct. 84 , citing Visintine Co. v. New York, Chicago, St.
discussed Cited "see" Mark-It Place Foods, Inc. v. New Plan Excel Realty Trust, Inc. (2×)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2004 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 , 566 N.E.2d 1220 ; Rhorbacker v. Citizens Bldg.
cited Cited "see" Industrial Electron v. iPower Dist Group
7th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (Ohio 1991); Pappas v. Jack O.A.
discussed Cited "see" Industrial Electronics Corp. Of Wisconsin v. Ipower Distribution Group, Inc. (2×)
7th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Grant Thornton v. Windsor House, Inc., 57 Ohio St.3d 158 , 566 N.E.2d 1220, 1223 (1991); Pappas v. Jack O.A.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Grant Thornton, f.k.a. Alexander Grant & Company
v.
Windsor House, Inc.
No. 89-2127.
Ohio Supreme Court.
Feb 13, 1991.
566 N.E.2d 1220
Roberts & Roberts Co., L.P.A., James E. Roberts, Cohen & Grigsby and Richard R. Nelson II, for appellant., Fleck, Mostov & Schwartz, Jeffrey B. Fleck and Mary DeGenaro, for ap-pellee., Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, David J. Young and Kim L. Swanson, urging reversal for amicus curiae, Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants.
Brown, Douglas, Holmes, Moyer, Snick, Sweeney, Wright.
Cited by 123 opinions  |  Published
4 passages pin-cited by 6 cases
Pinpoint authority: #13,132 of 633,719
Citer courts: Ohio Court of Appeals (7) · N.D. Ohio (2) · S.D. Ohio (1)

Lead Opinion

Wright, J.

This case presents two questions for review: whether this court intends to stand by our 1989 decision in Investors REIT One v. Jacobs, 46 Ohio St. 3d 176, 546 N.E. 2d 206, and whether a care provider participating in the Medicaid reimbursement program is an intended third-party beneficiary of a private auditor’s contract with the ODPW to audit the provider. We answer in the affirmative to the first question and in the negative to the second. Consequently, we reverse the decision of the court of appeals.

I

Our decision in Investors governs Windsor’s negligence and malpractice claims. Neither party disputes the applicability of Investors to the facts of this case; however, Windsor argues first that Investors is bad law and thus we should reverse it, or, in the alternative, that Investors alters vested substantive rights and thus we may not apply it retroactively to Windsor’s cause of action. We choose not to reverse Investors, and further, we hold that Investors poses no retroactivity problem.

In Investors, we held that the four-year statute of limitations in R.C. 2305.09[2] applied to accountant negligence actions and that Ohio has no discovery rule to delay the running of the statute of limitations in accountant negligence actions. Paragraph one of the syllabus held that:

“Claims of accountant negligence are governed by the four-year statute of limitations for general negligence claims found in R.C. 2305.09(D), not by the two-year period for bodily injury or injury to personal property set forth in R.C. 2305.10, or by the one-year limitations period for professional malpractice claims in R.C. 2305.11(A).”

Part (a) of paragraph two of the syllabus held that:

“The discovery rule is not available to claims of professional negligence brought against accountants.”

R.C. Chapter 2305 dictated the result in Investors. That same chapter dictates the same result today.

In the alternative, Windsor argues that Investors alters existing legal rights by shortening the statute of limitations for accountant negligence actions and, therefore, pursuant to Section 28, Article II of the Ohio Con[*161] stitution, we may not apply Investors retroactively to Windsor’s claims. See Adams v. Sherk (1983), 4 Ohio St. 3d 37, 4 OBR 82, 446 N.E. 2d 165. This argument must fail. Investors did not create new law, it merely interpreted the law as it then stood. Consequently, Investors guides us to the conclusion that Windsor’s negligence and malpractice claims were not brought within the statute of limitations and therefore the trial court properly entered judgment in favor of Grant on those claims.

II

We now turn to the contract claim. Only a party to a contract or an intended third-party beneficiary of a contract may bring an action on a contract in Ohio. Visintine & Co. v. New York, Chicago, & St. Louis RR. Co. (1959), 169 Ohio St. 505, 9 O.O. 2d 4, 160 N.E. 2d 311. Windsor asserts that it was an intended third-party beneficiary of the contract and that the parties to the contract — the ODPW and Grant — intended for Windsor to benefit from the contract. However, this is not the case.

Grant’s duty under its contract with the ODPW was intended only to benefit the ODPW. The audit of Windsor was intended solely for the ODPW’s use in assessing Windsor’s dealings under the state’s Medicaid plan. While Windsor arguably stood to benefit from a favorable result in the audit, it just as easily could have been, and here was, harmed by a negative result. The purpose of the audit was to search for overpayments to care providers. Any potential benefit to Windsor was merely incidental to the contract and therefore insufficient to support a breach of contract cause of action. Visintine & Co., supra, at 507, 9 O.O. 2d at 5, 160 N.E. 2d at 313. Accordingly, we hold that a care provider subject to an audit of reimbursable costs under the Medicaid program is not an intended third-party beneficiary of the audit contract between the Ohio Department of Public Welfare and the auditor. The trial court thus properly dismissed Windsor’s contract claim.

Ill

The trial court also entered summary judgment against Windsor on count four, the fraud claim. The court of appeals reversed the trial court on this claim as well. In this appeal from the judgment of the court of appeals, Grant has failed to brief whether judgment was properly entered on the fraud claim, and thus has waived review of this question. Nevertheless, we note that R.C. 2305.09(D) specifically provides a discovery rule for actions based on fraud and, therefore, summary judgment was not properly entered against Windsor on its fraud claim. Investors, supra, at paragraph 2b of the syllabus.

Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the court of appeals and reinstate summary judgment in favor of Grant on counts one, two, and three of Windsor’s counterclaim.

Judgment reversed.

Moyer, C.J., Holmes, H. Brown and Re snick, JJ., concur. Sweeney and Douglas, JJ., dissent.
2

R.C. 2305.09 reads:

“An action for any of the following causes shall be brought within four years after the cause thereof accrued:

“(A) For trespassing upon real property;

“(B) For the recovery of personal property, or for taking or detaining it;

“(C) For relief on the ground of fraud;

“(D) For an injury to the rights of the plaintiff not arising on contract nor enumerated in sections 2305.10 to 2305.12, inclusive, 2305.14 and 1304.29 of the Revised Code.

“If the action is for trespassing under ground or injury to mines, or for the wrongful taking of personal property, the causes thereof shall not accrue until the wrongdoer is discovered; nor, if it is for fraud, until the fraud is discovered.”

Dissent

Sweeney, J.,

dissenting. For the reasons stated in my concurring and dissenting opinion in Investors REIT One v. Jacobs (1989), 46 Ohio St. 3d 176, 183, 546 N.E. 2d 206, 221,1 would affirm the decision of the court of appeals below.

Douglas, J., concurs in the foregoing dissenting opinion.