Marquelle Miller v. John T. Benson, Superintendent of Pub. Instruction for the State of Wisconsin, 68 F.3d 163 (7th Cir. 1995). · Go Syfert
Marquelle Miller v. John T. Benson, Superintendent of Pub. Instruction for the State of Wisconsin, 68 F.3d 163 (7th Cir. 1995). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, 1996–2013 · 2 courts · …victory in the legislative forum makes judicial proceedings moot. at p. 164
22 citation events (15 in the last 25 years) across 10 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Queen v. Alvarez (ilnd, 2013-09-25)
Treatment trajectory · 1996 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1996 2011 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 14 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Queen v. Alvarez (4×) also: Cited "see"
N.D. Ill. · 2013 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
victory in the legislative forum makes judicial proceedings moot.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Natasha Jackson v. Neil Abercrombie
9th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
See Citizens for Responsible Gov’t State Political Action Comm. v. Davidson, 236 F.3d 1174 , 1181 (10th Cir. 2000); Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 164-65 (7th Cir.1995) (per curiam).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Zessar v. Keith
7th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 165 (7th Cir.1995) (citing United States v. Munsingwear, Inc., 340 U.S. 36, 39-41 , 71 S.Ct. 104 , 95 L.Ed. 36 (1950)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Zessar, Bruce v. Keith, John R.
7th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 165 (7th Cir. 1995) (citing United States v. Munsingwear, Inc., 340 U.S. 36, 39-41 (1950)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mann v. White
7th Cir. · 2002 · confidence medium
Sec., Inc., 272 F.3d 924, 925 (7th Cir.2001) (per curiam); Diaz v. Duckworth, 143 F.3d 345, 348 (7th Cir.1998); Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 165 (7th Cir.1995) (per curiam).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Citizens for Responsible Government State Political Action Committee v. Davidson
10th Cir. · 2000 · confidence medium
At least one circuit has summarily rejected this argument as allowing parties to “play off one court system against another.” Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 164-65 (7th Cir.1995) (“Whatever the outcome of the state case, this federal case ... lacks any continuing significance.”).
discussed Cited "see" State Of New York v. Ross
S.D.N.Y. · 2021 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163 , 164–65 (7th Cir. 1995)(per curiam) (finding case moot due to legislative amendment and rejecting argument that new litigation challenging amended law may lead to decision restoring original statutory scheme).
discussed Cited "see" Bagley v. Raymond School Department (2×)
Me. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miller v. Bertson, 68 F.3d 163 (7th Cir.1995). .
cited Cited "see" Lawrence Dalton v. County Board of Commissioners, Aurelia Pucinski, and Bergundy Compton-Day
7th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 164 (7th Cir.1995). 2 Dalton's claim for monetary relief also fails.
discussed Cited "see" Bradley v. Work
S.D. Ind. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 164 (7th Cir.1995) (“Victory in the legislative forum makes judicial proceedings moot.”) (citing United Building and Const. Trades Counc. v. Mayor & Council of Camden 465 U.S. 208, 213-14 , 104 S.Ct. 1020, 1024-25 , 79 L.Ed.2d 249 (1984)); Princeton Univ. v. Schmid, 455 U.S. 100 , 102 S.Ct. 867 , 70 L.Ed.2d 855 (1982)).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Pineiro v. Gemme
D. Mass. · 2013 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 165 (7th Cir.1995) (amendment of statute mooted claim); Utah Animal Rights Coal. v. Salt Lake City Corp., 371 F.3d 1248, 1257 (10th Cir.2004) (claim moot where statute repealed).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Andy Thayer v. Ralph Chiczewski
7th Cir. · 2012 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See, e.g., Eagle Books, Inc. v. Difanis, 873 F.2d 1040, 1042 (7th Cir.1989) (claim moot where state supreme court declared statute unconstitutional); see also Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163, 165 (7th Cir.1995) (amendment of statute mooted claim); Utah Animal Rights Coal. v. Salt Lake City Corp., 371 F.3d 1248, 1257 (10th Cir.2004) (claim moot where statute repealed); Longley v. Holahan, 34 F.3d 1366, 1367 (8th Cir.1994) (claim moot where statute declared unconstitutional in companion case).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Talbert L. McClendon v. Clarence E. Trigg, Superintendent
7th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Miller v. Benson, 68 F.3d 163 (7th Cir.1995).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Marquelle MILLER, Et Al., Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
John T. BENSON, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State of Wisconsin, Defendant-Appellee
95-1867.
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
Oct 6, 1995.
68 F.3d 163
1995 U.S. App. LEXIS 28108
1995 WL 601531
Mark Jeffrey Bredemeier, Jerald L. Hill, Richard P. Hutchinson, Landmark Legal Foundation, Kansas City, MO, Mark R. Lev-in, Landmark Center for Civil Rights, Washington, DC, for Plaintiffs-Appellants., Warren D. Weinstein, Asst. Atty. Gen., Office of the Attorney General, Wisconsin Department of Justice, Madison, WI, Robert B. Millner, Sonnenschein, Nath & Rosenthal, Chicago, IL, for John T. Benson., Robert B. Millner, Ellen Mayer, American Jewish Congress, Chicago, IL, for amicus curiae, American Jewish Congress., Steven K. Green, Julie Segal, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae, Americans United for Separation of Church and State., Steven M. Freeman, Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, New York City, for amicus curiae, Anti-Defamation League., Elliott Mincberg, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae, People for the American Way., Jon G. Furlow, Michael, Best & Friedrich, Madison, WI, Jane M. Whicher, Lauren L. McFarlane, Roger Baldwin Foundation of ACLU, Inc., Chicago, IL, Peter Koneazny, American Civil Liberty Union of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, for amicus curiae, American Civil Liberties Union of Wisconsin, amicus curiae, American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois, amicus curiae, Milwaukee Jewish Counsel for Community Relations, Incorporated, and amicus curiae, Wisconsin Jewish Conference.
Bauer, Easterbrook, Evans, Per Curiam.
Cited by 17 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM.

In 1990 Wisconsin enacted a statute permitting some children in Milwaukee to attend nonsectarian private schools at public expense. Wis.Stat. § 119.23. Five children who qualify for this program filed suit contending that the exclusion of religious schools violated the free exercise clause of the first amendment to the Constitution, applied to the states by the fourteenth amendment. Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995); Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District, — U.S.-, 113 S.Ct. 2462, 125 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993). The district court granted summary judgment against the pupils. 878 F.Supp. 1209 (E.D.Wis.1995).

While the appeal was pending, the state repealed the original § 119.23 and enacted a new version minus the word “nonsectarian” in the description of covered private schools. 1995 Wisconsin Act 27. The new law, which took effect on July 29, 1995, authorizes reimbursement of tuition at religious schools, provided the schools (and students) meet the other statutory criteria. The Attorney General of Wisconsin has filed a motion arguing that the case is moot. Plaintiffs’ response is equivocal. They do not contend that the revision leaves them under the same burden that led to the suit. Compare Northeastern Florida Contractors v. Jacksonville, — U.S. -,-, 113 S.Ct. 2297, 2301, 124 L.Ed.2d 586 (1993), with Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms v. Galioto, 477 U.S. 556, 106 S.Ct. 2683, 91 L.Ed.2d 459 (1986). The amendment gives plaintiffs exactly what they sought in this litigation—equal treatment of secular and sectarian private schools under the state’s funding program. Victory in the legislative forum makes judicial proceedings moot. See United Building and Construction Trades Council v. Camden, 465 U.S. 208, 213-14, 104 S.Ct. 1020, 1024-25, 79 L.Ed.2d 249 (1984); Princeton University v. Schmid, 455 U.S. 100, 102 S.Ct. 867, 70 L.Ed.2d 855 (1982). Instead plaintiffs express concern that new litigation, filed in state court to challenge the amended law as a forbidden establishment of religion, may lead to a decision restoring the original statutory scheme.

Plaintiffs have been permitted to intervene in the state case, and they are entitled to present their arguments to that forum. Whatever the outcome of the state[*165] ease, this federal ease—a free-exereise challenge to a statutory limitation that has been removed by the political branches of Wisconsin’s government—lacks any continuing significance. It would hardly be appropriate to retain it on the docket to permit the plaintiffs a form of collateral attack on the state decision, should their fears about the course of that litigation be realized. If the state courts decide adversely to the students, they may appeal through the state hierarchy and, if need be, to the Supreme Court of the United States. They cannot play off one court system against another. The state legislature gave plaintiffs what they sought, and this case is therefore moot. (Requests for attorneys’ fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 do not breathe life into a moot case. See Lewis v. Continental Bank Corp., 494 U.S. 472, 480, 110 S.Ct. 1249, 1255, 108 L.Ed.2d 400 (1990); Diamond v. Charles, 476 U.S. 54, 70-71, 106 S.Ct. 1697, 1707-08, 90 L.Ed.2d 48 (1986).)

To prevent the unreviewable decision of the district court from having any collateral consequence in the state litigation, we now vacate the judgment and remand with instructions to dismiss the litigation as moot. United States v. Munsingwear, Inc., 340 U.S. 36, 39-41, 71 S.Ct. 104, 106-07, 95 L.Ed. 36 (1950); Turner v. Chicago Housing Authority, 969 F.2d 461, 464-65 (7th Cir.1992).