UNITED STATES of Am., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gabriel SANCHEZ-LIMA, Defendant-Appellant, 161 F.3d 545 (9th Cir. 1998). · Go Syfert
UNITED STATES of Am., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gabriel SANCHEZ-LIMA, Defendant-Appellant, 161 F.3d 545 (9th Cir. 1998). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
106 citation events (98 in the last 25 years) across 18 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Peo v. Marx
Treatment trajectory · 1999 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1999 2012 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Peo v. Marx
unknown court · 2019 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
testimony regarding a witness' credibility is prohibited unless it is admissible as character evidence.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Michael Lindsay
9th Cir. · 2019 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the government had an opportunity to develop the testimony of these witnesses before they were deported, and the government also had notice and the option to participate in taking the videotaped statements
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Ioane v. Comm'r
Tax Ct. · 2009 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
hearsay evidence sought to be admitted under rule 807 of the federal rules of evidence must have circumstantial guaranties of trustworthiness equivalent to the listed exceptions to the hearsay rule.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) O.H. v. Secret Harbor
W.D. Wash. · 2025 · confidence medium
In the same vein, “testimony regarding a witness’s 19 credibility is prohibited unless it is admissible as character evidence” because “‘[i]t 20 is the juror’s responsibility to determine credibility by assessing the witness and 21 witness testimony in light of their own experience.’” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 22 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998) (quoting United States v. Binder, 769 F.2d 595 , 23 602 (9th Cir. 1985)). 1 Secret Harbor maintains that Dr. Kliman’s testimony inherently bolsters 2 Plaintiffs’ credibility by accepting Plaintiffs’ factual accounts of abuse…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Russell v. WADOT Capital Inc
W.D. Wash. · 2024 · confidence medium
In United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 1 for example, the Ninth Circuit concluded that certain videotaped statements of 2 eyewitnesses in Mexico 3 possessed guarantees of trustworthiness because the declarants (1) were under oath and subject to the penalty of perjury; (2) made the statements 4 voluntarily; (3) based the statements on facts within their own personal knowledge; (4) did not contradict any of their previous statements to 5 government agents and defense investigators; and (5) had their testimony preserved on videotape which would allow the jurors an opportunity to view 6 their demeanor.…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. James Damaso
9th Cir. · 2024 · confidence medium
Although a witness generally may not testify that another witness did or did 3 not lie, see United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998), Damaso opened the door to the government’s questions on redirect by first asking Agent Tracy during cross examination, over the government’s objection, about Baldonado’s truthfulness.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ali Elmezayen
9th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998) (holding that an officer’s “testi[mony] that, based on his training and experience, [another] was telling the truth” constituted “opinion evidence regarding . . . credibility [that wa]s inadmissible” (emphasis added)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Reckley v. Village Health Care Center
D. Mont. · 2021 · confidence medium
United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547-48 (9th Cir. 1998) (explaining that a prior opportunity to cross examine a witness is relevant to the trustworthiness inquiry).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) (PC) Caruso v. Johnson
E.D. Cal. · 2021 · confidence medium
Any probative value that the suspension may have is substantially 15 outweighed by the dangers of undue time consumption and confusion under FRE 403. 16 In sum, pursuant to FRE 403 and 404(b), the discipline of Nurse Franco/the suspension of 17 his nursing license will be excluded. 18 With respect to Bates, “[t]estimony about a witness’s credibility is prohibited unless it is 19 admissible as character evidence.” See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th 20 Cir. 1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Christopher Preston (2×)
9th Cir. · 2017 · confidence medium
Accordingly, “testimony regarding a witness’s credibility is prohibited unless it is admissible as character evidence.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998).
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Chery Gonzalez (4×)
9th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
We have held that it is error to elicit “one witness’s opinion of the credibility of another witness’s extrajudicial statements.” United States v. Sanchez, 176 F.3d 1214, 1221 (9th Cir. 1999) (emphasis added); United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In re Blanchard
Bankr. C.D. Cal. · 2016 · confidence medium
Van Zandt v. Mbunda, — U.S. -, 136 S.Ct. 198 , 193 L.Ed.2d 128 (2015) (citing United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Juan Rodriguez-Sifuentes (2×)
9th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
While unavailability of a witness underlies the Rule 15(a) analysis, see United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998), a conclusive showing of unavailability is required only to use a deposition in a criminal trial, not to allow the deposition to be taken so that the testimony can be preserved for possible eventual use, United States v. Omene, 143 F.3d 1167,1170 (9th Cir.1998); United States v. Sines, 761 F.2d 1434, 1439 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Thomas Van Zandt v. Wileharda Mbunda
9th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
For instance, Malis’s 2009 and 2010 statements to Van Zandt were not made “under oath and subject to the penalty of perjury” nor were they recorded in any way “which would allow the [judge] an opportunity to view [her] demeanor.” See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Van Zandt v. Mbunda (In re Mbunda)
9th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
For instance, Malis’s 2009 and 2010 statements to Van Zandt were not made “under oath and subject to the penalty of perjury” nor were they recorded in any way “which would allow the [judge] an opportunity to view [her] demeanor.” See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998).
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jonathan Leal-Del Carmen (3×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Our case is closely analogous to United States v. Sanchez- Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir. 1998), where we held that the videotaped statements of deported witnesses were admis- sible under the residual exception because they had the same “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness” as the excep- tions listed in Rules 803 and 804.
examined Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jonathan Leal-Del Carmen (3×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Our case is closely analogous to United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998), where we held that the videotaped statements of deported witnesses were admissible under the residual exception because they had the same “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness” as the exceptions listed in Rules 803 and 804.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Enrique Acosta-Sierra
9th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
Id. at 547, 549 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Edgar Sanchez-Estrada
9th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998). 4 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Walker
9th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
While it may have been improper for Special Agent French to comment on the credibility of Gray, see United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998), Defendants have not shown that this error caused prejudice in light of the strong, independent evidence of their involvement with the alleged racketeering organization, see United States v. Romero-Avila, 210 F.3d 1017, 1022-23 (9th Cir.2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Rodriguez (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
Among other things, evidence admitted under Rule 807 must have “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998) (hearsay statements were trustworthy because they were videotaped, made under oath, made voluntarily, and consistent with prior statements).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Rodriguez (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
Among other things, evidence admitted under Rule 807 must have “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998) (hearsay statements were trustworthy because they were videotaped, made under oath, made voluntarily, and consistent with prior statements).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sigerseth
9th Cir. · 2008 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sigerseth
9th Cir. · 2008 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Montgomery v. Kitsap County
9th Cir. · 2008 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
See United States v. Fowlie, 24 F.3d 1059, 1069 (9th Cir.1994); cf. United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998) (holding that videotaped statements of declarant possessed guarantees of trustworthiness because they were under oath and subject to the penalty of perjury, were made voluntarily, were based on facts within the declarant’s personal knowledge, did not contradict previous statements, and could be assessed for credibility as they were on videotape); Barker v. Morris, 761 F.2d 1396 (9th Cir. 1985) (finding that videotaped testimony of the declarant had substantial a…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Williams
D. Haw. · 2008 · confidence medium
The Ninth Circuit has stated that “[ojrdinarily, exceptional circumstances exist when the prospective deponent is unavailable for trial and the absence of the testimony would result in an injustice.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Slocum
C.D. Cal. · 2007 · confidence medium
A jury instruction should be given if “there is any foundation in the evidence [to support the instruction], even though the evidence may be weak, insufficient, inconsistent or of doubtful credibility.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Gardinier
A.C.C.A. · 2006 · confidence medium
See Bridges, 55 M.J. at 63 ; United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547-48 (9th Cir.1998); United States v. Hsia, 87 F.Supp.2d 10, 16 (D.D.C.2000); Coyle v. Kristjan Palusalu Mar.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Tapia (2×)
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
See United States v. Geston, 299 F.3d 1130, 1135-37 (9th Cir.2002); United States v. Sanchez, 176 F.3d 1214, 1220-21 (9th Cir.1999); United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Nichol
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
Our precedents are clear that “[i]t is the jurors’ responsibility to determine credibility by assessing the witnesses and witness testimony in light of their own experience” and that “[testimony regarding a witness’ credibility is prohibited unless it is admissible as character evidence.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998) (reversing conviction because federal agent “testified that, based on his training and experience, [another witness] was telling the truth”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Schoneberg
9th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
More to the point, the government argues that Schoneberg 9 United States v. Johnson, 297 F.3d 845, 861-62 (9th Cir. 2002). 10 United States v. Jenkins, 884 F.2d 433 (9th Cir. 1989). 11 Id. at 437-438 . 12 See, e.g., United States v. Geston, 299 F.3d 1130, 1136 (9th Cir. 2002) (“ ‘It is the jurors’ responsibility to determine credibility by assessing the witnesses and witness testimony in light of their own experience.’ ”) (quoting United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998)). 1148 UNITED STATES v. SCHONEBERG was allowed to establish the terms of the plea agreemen…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rosen v. Neilson (In Re Slatkin)
C.D. Cal. · 2004 · confidence medium
Rule 807 allows the admission of statements “not specifically covered by Rule 803 or 804 but having equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness .... ” Moreover, “the statement must (1) be evidence of a material fact; (2) be more probative on the point for which it is offered than any other evidence which the proponent can procure through reasonable efforts; and (3) serve the general purposes of the Rules of evidence and the interests of justice by its admission into evidence.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ward (2×)
10th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
This case is similar to United States v. Sanchez-Lima where the Ninth Circuit held that the error was not harmless where the jury’s verdict necessarily depended on the credibility of the bolstered witness. 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir. 1998) (prosecution for assault on a federal officer resulting from a border patrol incident).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Juan Ramirez-Lopez (2×)
9th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (1998) ( citing United States v. Fowlie, 24 F.3d 1059, 1069 (9th Cir.1994)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jack Alan Geston, United States of America v. Jack Alan Geston
9th Cir. · 2002 · confidence medium
United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Woodall
9th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
That’s when I totally discounted his story.” The admission into evidence of Inspector Gale’s response stating that she “totally discounted [Woodall’s] story” was error because “opinion evidence regarding a witness’ credibility is inadmissible.” United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998); see also United States v. Awkard, 597 F.2d 667, 671 (9th Cir.1979) (“Under the Federal Rules, opinion testimony on credibility is limited to character; all other opinions on credibility are for the jurors themselves to form.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Thomas Andrew Pierre, Jr.
9th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
In United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998), this court concluded that a district court committed reversible error “by not specifically instructing the jury that the government had the burden of proof of disproving self-defense.” Here, the district court gave a self-defense instruction that suffered from the same flaw as the instruction in Sanchez-Lima . 1 We view individual jury instructions in context, not in isolation.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sternhagen v. Dow Co. (2×)
D. Mont. · 1999 · confidence medium
United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1998); United States v. Valdez-Soto, 31 F.3d 1467 , 1469-70 at n. 2 (9th Cir.1994) (discussing former Rule 803(24) which is now Rule 807); United States v. Bachsian, 4 F.3d 796, 798 (9th Cir.1993) (same).
discussed Cited "see" Crawford v. Lapinskas
D. Alaska · 2021 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998) (holding that a defendant is entitled to a jury instruction on a defense theory if “there is any foundation in the evidence, even though the evidence may be weak, insufficient, inconsistent, or of doubtful credibility”); United States v. Streit, 962 F.2d 894, 898 (9th Cir.1992).
discussed Cited "see" County of Stanislaus v. Travelers Indemnity Co.
E.D. Cal. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lama, 161 F.3d 545, 547-48 (9th Cir,1998) (holding that the district court erred in excluding video-taped statements that were made-under oath by witnesses who were later deported).
cited Cited "see" Microsoft Corporation v. Motorola Mobility
9th Cir. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998).
cited Cited "see" Van Zandt v. Mbunda (In Re Mbunda)
9th Cir. BAP · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See U.S. v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547-48 (9th Cir.1998).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Elisha Dickens
6th Cir. · 2011 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998) (holding that “opinion evidence regarding a witness’ credibility is inadmissible” and that the error in admitting this testimony was not harmless because the “jury’s verdict necessarily depended on the credibility of the bolstered witness”).
examined Cited "see" United States v. Bonds (4×)
9th Cir. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See U.S. v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 547-48 (9th Cir.1998).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Northcutt
9th Cir. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir. 1998).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Johnson
9th Cir. · 2006 · signal: accord · confidence high
However, we have also repeatedly stated that the defendant is entitled to his pro- posed instruction even if his evidence is “weak, insufficient, inconsistent, or of doubtful credibility.” United States v. Sotelo-Murillo, 887 F.2d 176, 178 (9th Cir. 1989) (internal quotation marks omitted); accord United States v. Sanchez- Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir. 1998).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. William Johnson
9th Cir. · 2006 · signal: accord · confidence high
However, we have also repeatedly stated that the defendant is entitled to his proposed instruction even if his evidence is “weak, insufficient, inconsistent, or of doubtful credibility.” United States v. Sotelo-Murillo, 887 F.2d 176, 178 (9th Cir.1989) (internal quotation marks omitted); accord United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Askins
9th Cir. · 2004 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 548 (9th Cir.1998); United States v. Necoechea, 986 F.2d 1273, 1276 (9th Cir.1993); cf. United States v. Geston, 299 F.3d 1130, 1136 (9th Cir.2002).
discussed Cited "see" Mitchell v. A.C. Newland
9th Cir. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d 545, 549 (9th Cir.1998) (holding that a defendant is entitled to a jury instruction on a defense theory if “there is any foundation in the evidence, even though the evidence may be weak, insufficient, inconsistent, or of doubtful credibility”); United States v. Streit, 962 F.2d 894, 898 (9th Cir.1992) (same).
cited Cited "see" UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Charles J. SANCHEZ, Jr., Defendant-Appellant
9th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sanchez-Lima, 161 F.3d at 548 ; United States v. Barnard, 490 F.2d 907, 912 (9th Cir.1973).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
98 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 6435, 98 Daily Journal D.A.R. 12,651, 98 Daily Journal D.A.R. 8911 United States of America
v.
Gabriel Sanchez-Lima
97-50146.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Dec 11, 1998.
161 F.3d 545
1998 WL 485322
Vincent J. Brunkow, Steven F. Hubachek, Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc., San Diego, California, for defendant-appellant., Jacqueline J. Jackson, Daniel Butcher, Assistant United States Attorneys, San Diego, California, for plaintiff-appellee.
Goodwin, Schroeder, Pregerson.
Cited by 77 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 76%
Citer courts: Ninth Circuit (1) · U.S. Tax Court (1)
GOODWIN, Circuit Judge:

Gabriel Sanchez-Lima appeals from his conviction for assault on a federal officer in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 111. Sanchez-Lima assigns error to (1) the district court’s refusal to admit sworn videotaped statements of eyewitnesses that were deported to Mexico shortly after the incident; (2) the district court’s denial of Sanchez-Lima’s motion for depositions of said eyewitnesses; (3) the district court’s admission into evidence of a Border Patrol Officer’s opinion that another Border Patrol Officer who testified before the jury was telling the truth; and (4) the district court’s failure to instruct the jury that the government had the burden of disproving self-defense beyond a reasonable doubt. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We reverse.

I.

On May 22, 1996, Sanchez-Lima was arrested approximately two miles east of the Otay Mesa Port of entry. The government contends that Sanchez-Lima attacked Border Patrol Agents Salzano and Kermes, who were trying to arrest him.

The government presented evidence at trial that tended to show that Agent Bush directed Agents Kermes, Salzano, and Martinez to a group of aliens on Otay Mountain. When the agents first attempted to apprehend the group, Sanehez-Lima escaped, pushing Agent Kermes away. The three agents then consolidated the aliens that they had captured.

Agent Bush subsequently located three more aliens crawling through the brush and directed Agent Salzano to them. As Agent Salzano attempted to sneak up on the aliens, however, Sanchez-Lima struck Agent Salza-no in the head with a rock. Next, Sanchez-[*547] Lima fled directly to Agent Kermes’ position and tried to take Agent Kermes’ gun. Agent Kermes subdued Sanchez-Lima by striking him in the head with his firearm.

The defense presented evidence that Agent Kermes lied on the stand, and that at the beginning of the incident, Agent Kermes pistol whipped Sanchez-Lima as he was trying to escape. Consequently, when Sanchez-Lima later encountered Agent Salzano sneaking up on him through the brush-without using his flashlight and without identifying himself-Sanchez-Lima reasonably believed that he was in immediate danger of another beating. The defense’s arguments were supported by the Grand Jury testimony of several aliens that they heard Sanchez-Lima screaming that he was being beaten at the beginning of the incident.

In all, the Border Patrol agents apprehended twenty-two aliens. The Border Patrol and the Federal Bureau of Investigation interviewed these aliens on May 22, 1996. Sanchez-Lima alleges that these interviews contained evidence in support of' a self-defense theory.

On May 28, 1996 at 4:45 p.m., an Assistant United States Attorney, sent a facsimile letter to the lawyer originally assigned to represent Sanchez-Lima. This letter stated that the government had interviewed the witnesses and that there was no material exculpatory information regarding the assault. The letter also stated that the deportation of the witnesses would commence the next day, May 29,1996.

A defense investigator took the witnesses’ statements late on May 28, 1996 and reported to defense counsel on the morning of May 29, 1996. Believing that the aliens were being deported that day, however, counsel did not file a material witness complaint.

Yet, as it turns out, the witnesses were not deported that day. Instead, the prosecutor examined the witnesses before the Grand Jury. The prosecutor failed to inform counsel that the witnesses were not being deported on May 29,1996. The aliens were ultimately deported to Mexico on May 31,1996.

On June 6, 1996, the government filed a two-count indictment alleging that Sanchez-Lima assaulted two federal officers in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 111. The jury returned a verdict of guilty on count one, relating to the assault on Agent Salzano, but hung on count two, relating to the assault on Agent Kermes. Sanchez-Lima filed a timely notice of appeal on March 4,1997.

II.

Sanchez-Lima first argues that the sworn, videotaped statements of the eyewitnesses in Mexico should have been admitted into evidence under the “catch-all” hearsay exception of the Federal Rule of Evidence 804(b)(5), now recodified as Federal Rule of Evidence 807. Sanchez-Lima asserts that the failure to admit this evidence in conjunction with the district court’s denial of San-ehez-Lima’s motion for depositions of these witnesses, denied him his Sixth Amendment right to present a defense. We agree.

Hearsay evidence sought to be admitted under Rule 807 must have circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness equivalent to the listed exceptions to the hearsay rule. See United States v. Fowlie, 24 F.3d 1059, 1069 (9th Cir.1994). Furthermore, the statement must (1) be evidence of a material fact; (2) be more probative on the point for which it is offered than any other evidence which the proponent can procure through reasonable efforts; and (3) serve the general purposes of the Rules of evidence and the interests of justice by its admission into evidence. Fed.R.Evid. 807.

The videotaped statements in this case met. all of these requirements. The statements possessed guarantees of trustworthiness because the declarants (1) were under oath and subject to the penalty of perjury; (2) made the statements voluntarily; (3) based the statements on facts within their own personal knowledge; (4) did not contradict any of their previous statements to government agents and defense investigators; and (5) had their testimony preserved on videotape which would allow the jurors an opportunity to view them demeanor. See Barker v. Morris, 761 F.2d 1396, 1401-03 (9th Cir.1985). The government had an opportunity to develop the testimony of these[*548] witnesses before they were deported, and the government also had notice and the option to participate in taking the videotaped statements. Although the government declined to cross-examine the witnesses during the videotaped session, cross-examination is not required in every case. Id. Finally, the videotaped statements constituted evidence of a material fact regarding Sanchez-Lima’s self-defense theory and honest mistake of fact as to the agents’ identity. These statements are more probative than any other evidence which could be procured by reasonable efforts, including the Grand Jury testimony which lacked some of the critical evidence contained in the videotape.

Accordingly, the district court erred in refusing to admit the videotaped testimony, especially in light of the district court’s previous denial of Sanchez-Lima’s motion to depose these witnesses. Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 15(a) provides in relevant part:

[Wjhenever due to exceptional circumstances of the ease it is in the interest of justice that the testimony of a prospective witness of a party be taken and preserved for use at trial, the court may upon motion of such party and notice to the parties order that testimony of such witness be taken by deposition ...

Fed.R.Crim.P. 15(a).

Ordinarily, exceptional circumstances exist when the prospective deponent is unavailable for trial and the absence of the testimony would result in an injustice. This court has held that it is unjust to deprive a defendant of what may be crucial exculpatory evidence. See People of the Territory of Guam v. Ngirangas, 806 F.2d 895, 897 (9th Cir.1986).

The eyewitnesses in this case were unavailable for trial but were willing to be deposed. Because their testimony could have supported a self-defense theory based upon San-ehez-Lima’s reasonable mistake as to the agents’ identity, it was in the interests of justice to allow Sanchez-Lima to take the depositions. Contrary to the district court’s finding, Sanchez-Lima did not have an “extended opportunity for depositions” in this case prior to the deportation of the witnesses.

In refusing to admit the sworn videotaped testimony after denying Sanchez-Lima the opportunity to depose these witnesses, the district court effectively prevented Sanchez-Lima from exercising his Sixth Amendment right to present a defense.

III.

Sanchez-Lima next argues that the district court abused its discretion and committed reversible error when it permitted Agent Loven to testify, over objection, to his opinion as to whether Agent Kermes told him the truth during his post-incident interview. We agree.

“It is the jurors’ responsibility to determine credibility by assessing the witnesses and witness testimony in light of their own experience.” United States v. Binder, 769 F.2d 595, 602 (9th Cir.1985). Testimony regarding a witness’ credibility is prohibited unless it is admissible as character evidence. See United States v. Awkard, 597 F.2d 667, 671 (9th Cir.1979).

Here, Agent Loven testified that, based on his training and experience, Agent Kermes was telling the truth. Agent Lo-ven’s testimony bolstered the credibility of Agent Kermes. Although the government maintains that it is permitted to bolster the credibility of a witness who has been impeached, such an attack on credibility does not permit bolstering by inadmissible evidence. This court has already held that opinion evidence regarding a witness’ credibility is inadmissible. See Binder, 769 F.2d at 602; Awkard, 597 F.2d at 671.

The district court’s error in admitting Agent Loveris testimony was not harmless. Sanchez-Lima presented evidence that Agent Kermes beat him before the encounter with Agent Salzano. Agent Kermes testified that he did not strike Sanchez-Lima until after the alleged incident with Agent Salzano. Sanchez-Lima’s theory of the ease required the jury to reject Agent Kermes’ account and believe the opposite. The jury’s verdict necessarily depended on the credibility of the bolstered witness. The receipt of this oath-[*549] helping testimony over objection was reversible error.

IV.

SanchezALima also argues that he was entitled to a self-defense instruction. A defendant is entitled to jury instructions on the theory of self-defense provided that “there is any foundation in the evidence, even though the evidence may be weak, insufficient, inconsistent, or of doubtful credibility.” United States v. Lemon, 824 F.2d 763, 764 (9th Cir.l987)(internal citations and quotations omitted).

Upon reviewing the evidence, it is clear that Sanchez-Lima was, in fact, entitled to a self-defense instruction. Sanchez-Lima produced some evidence that he believed he was being attacked by bandits as opposed to border patrol agents. For example, the aliens had previously been warned that thieves that assault undocumented border crossers had crossed the border and were on the mountain. In addition, Agent Salzano did not identify himself to Sanchez-Lima. Sanchez-Lima also offered evidence establishing that Agent Kermes had already assaulted him, causing a head wound. Accordingly, when Agent Salzano surprised Sanchez-Lima by jumping up from behind some shrubbery, a rational jury could conclude that Sanchez-Lima reasonably believed that he was about to receive another beating.

Accordingly, the district court did not err in giving a self-defense instruction. Sanchez-Lima nevertheless contends that the district court erred by not specifically instructing the jury that the government had the burden of proof of disproving self-defense, and that the failure to so instruct the jury constituted reversible error. We agree.

“A specific instruction which is defective in respect to the burden of proof is not remedied by correct general statements of law elsewhere given in the charge unless the general statement clearly indicates that its consideration must be imported into the defective instruction.” De Groot v. United States, 78 F.2d 244, 253 (9th Cir.1935) (internal citations omitted). Here, the district court’s three general instructions on the burden of proof do not clearly indicate that they apply to the defective self-defense instruction. Instruction No. 5 merely stated that “[t]he government has the burden of proving every element of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt. If it fails to do so, you must return a not guilty verdict.” This instruction, by its express terms, applied to the elements of the charge as opposed to the elements of an affirmative defense, such as self-defense. Instruction No. 6 stated that “[i]f after consideration of all the evidence, you are not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty, it is your duty to find the defendant not guilty.” This instruction also failed to inform the jury that the government had to disprove beyond a reasonable doubt any claim of self-defense. Finally, instruction No. 8 stated that “the law never imposes upon a defendant in a criminal case the burden or duty of calling any witnesses or producing any evidence because the burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt is always assumed by the government.” Again nowhere in this instruction is reasonable doubt mentioned in connection with self-defense.

The district court’s failure to give jury instructions that clearly indicated that the government had the burden of disproving self-defense was reversible error.

V.

Based on the above assigned errors, we reverse and remand for a new trial.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.