United States v. Steven Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928 (7th Cir. 2000). · Go Syfert
United States v. Steven Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928 (7th Cir. 2000). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 2005 · …a timely notice of appeal is essential to appellate jurisdiction. at p. 930
20 citation events (20 in the last 25 years) across 8 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Archie J. Taylor v. United States of America (innd, 2026-01-09)
Treatment trajectory · 2001 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2001 2013 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Archie J. Taylor v. United States of America
N.D. Ind. · 2026 · confidence medium
United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir. 2000); see Fed.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wiley v. United States
W.D. Wis. · 2021 · confidence medium
Ryan v. United States, 657 F.3d 604, 606 (7th Cir. 2011); United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir. 2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Fiene v. Schweinzger
N.D. Ill. · 2021 · confidence medium
U.S. v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir. 2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Gomez-Gomez
6th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
Cf. Bishop v. Corsentino, 371 F.3d 1203, 1207 (10th Cir.2004) (explaining that “good cause” applies in situations in which there is no fault and the extension is necessary because of some factor not within the control of the movant); United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 929 (7th Cir.2000) (suggesting that a court “clerk’s failure to perform a ministerial act whose omission could have serious consequences for a criminal defendant” would constitute “good cause”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Golden
10th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
Cf. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. at 484 , 120 S.Ct. 1029 (observing the “critical requirement that counsel’s deficient performance must actually cause the forfeiture of the defendant’s appeal”); Garrett, 402 F.3d at 1265 (holding that the failure to file a timely notice of appeal is “professionally unreasonable” and “presumptively prejudicial”); United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir.2000) (indicating that a properly informed defendant who fails to timely request an appeal “cannot change his mind and later blame his lawyer” for a tardy appeal).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Huang, Tom v. Caterpillar Inc
7th Cir. · 2007 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930-31 (7th Cir.2000) (questioning the district court’s potential use of its inherent powers to treat a late notice of appeal as timely filed because such an approach could not be reconciled with the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Thomas v. Law Firm of Simpson & Cybak
7th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
P. 4(a)(1); United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930 (7th Cir.2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Gregorio Machado
11th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
Filing a timely notice of appeal is “mandatory and jurisdictional” and if a defendant fails to do so, a court of appeals is “without jurisdiction to review the decision on the merits.” See Budinich v. Becton Dickinson and Co., 486 U.S. 196, 203 , 108 S.Ct. 1717, 1722 , 100 L.Ed.2d 178 (1988); accord United States v. Cartwright, 413 F.3d 1295, 1299-1300 (11th Cir.2005) (criminal defendant’s failure to file a timely notice of appeal under Rule 4(b) requires dismissal for lack of jurisdiction); United States v. Arevalo, 408 F.3d 1233, 1236 (9th Cir.2005) (defendant’s “failure to fil…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Erb v. Alliance Capital Management
7th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
P. 4(a)(1)(A). "[A] timely notice of appeal is essential to appellate jurisdiction." United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930 (7th Cir.2000); see also Browder v. Director, Dep't of Corr., 434 U.S. 257, 264 , 98 S.Ct. 556 , 54 L.Ed.2d 521 (1978).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Erb v. Alliance Capital Management, L.P.
7th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
P. 4(a)(1)(A). “[A] timely notice of appeal is essential to appellate jurisdiction.” United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930 (7th Cir.2000); see also Browder v. Director, Dep’t of Corr., 434 U.S. 257, 264 , 98 S.Ct. 556 , 54 L.Ed.2d 521 (1978).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bishawi v. United States
S.D. Ill. · 2003 · confidence medium
Where a defendant is entitled to a new appeal, the proper procedure is to “vacate the judgment and reimpose sentence to permit an appeal.” United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir.2000); United States v. Prado, 204 F.3d 843, 845 (8th Cir.2000)(holding that “[w]hen a defendant has been unconstitutionally deprived of appellate review due to ineffective assistance of counsel, the prescribed procedure is for the district court to vacate the sentence and then reimpose it, allowing the defendant ten days to appeal from the imposition of the new sentence.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Monahan v. DVI Financial Services, Inc.
7th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
See Osterneck v. Ernst & Whinney, 489 U.S. 169, 178-79 , 109 S.Ct. 987 , 103 L.Ed.2d 146 (1989); Thompson v. INS, 375 U.S. 384, 387 , 84 S.Ct. 397 , 11 L.Ed.2d 404 (1964) (per curiam); United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930 (7th Cir.2000).
cited Cited "see" Ryan v. United States
7th Cir. · 2011 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir.2000); Castellanos, 26 F.3d at 720 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Elliott, Alfred
7th Cir. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 929 (7th Cir.2000) (suggesting that the clerk’s failure to perform a “ministerial act whose omission could have serious consequences for a criminal defendant” would be good cause for filing a late appeal); see also Bishop v. Corsentino, 371 F.3d 1203, 1207 (10th Cir.2004) (explaining that “good cause” applies in situations where the need for the extension is occasioned by something out of the movant’s control).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Steele (2×)
7th Cir. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930 (7th Cir.2000); United States v. Dumas, 94 F.3d 286, 289 (7th Cir.1996).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Pyles v. Nwaobasi
7th Cir. · 2016 · signal: see also · confidence medium
App. P. 4(a)(5) cmt. note (2002)); see also United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 929-30 (7th Cir. 2000) (suggesting that a clerk’s “failure to perform a ministerial act whose omission could have serious adverse consequences for a criminal defendant” would qualify as “good cause” for untimely appeal).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Eddie Bell
7th Cir. · 2016 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., id.) United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir. 2000); Castellanos v. United States, 26 F.3d 717, 720 (7th Cir. 1994).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Steven HIRSCH, Defendant-Appellant
99-2304.
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
Mar 23, 2000.
207 F.3d 928
2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 4499
2000 WL 298582
J. Christopher Moore (submitted), Office of the United States Attorney, Benton, IL, for Plaintiff-Appellee., Douglas A. Forsyth, Sr. (submitted), St. Louis, MO, for Defendant-Appellant.
Easterbrook, Ripple, Kanne.
Cited by 16 opinions  |  Published
EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge.

Following a guilty plea to drug-related crimes, Steven Hirsch was sentenced to 157 months’ imprisonment. The sentence was pronounced on January 29, 1999, and docketed on February 3, 1999; any appeal was due by February 16. Fed. R. App. P. 4(b). (February 13 was a Saturday, and Monday, February 15, was a holiday.) A notice of appeal was filed on May 21, 1999, more than three months late.

Counsel’s explanation for this delay, if true, is shocking. After imposing sentence, a federal judge must inform the defendant of his right to appeal and must offer an opportunity to have the clerk of court file a notice of appeal on defendant’s behalf. Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(c)(5). Hirsch’s lawyer has stated that, when asked whether the clerk should file an appeal on his behalf, Hirsch answered yes. But the clerk did nothing, and by the time counsel realized this it was too late.

This is shocking for at least two reasons. One is the clerk’s failure to perform a ministerial act whose omission could have serious adverse consequences for a criminal defendant. The other is counsel’s failure to ensure that a notice of appeal was filed. Defendants have 10 days to appeal, with an extension to 40 days available for “excusable neglect or good cause”. Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(4). The clerk’s failure would have been “good cause” for counsel to file a belated appeal, so all counsel had to do was check the docket any time within 40 days — but Hirsch’s lawyer did not take that simple precaution. The absence of a docketing notice from this court would have put a prudent lawyer on guard. Both the Rules of Appellate Procedure and the Circuit Rules impose duties on counsel that begin with the notice of appeal. For example, the appellant’s lawyer must file a docketing statement within seven days after the notice of appeal. Circuit Rule 3(c)(1). An appellant must order any relevant transcript within 10 days of the notice[*930] of appeal. Fed. R. App. P. 10(b)(1). In this circuit, the appellant’s brief is due 40 days after the appeal is docketed, Circuit Rule 31(a), so counsel must ascertain the docketing date. Had Hirsch’s lawyer taken any steps to comply with these rules, he would have learned that no notice of appeal had been filed. But for approximately 100 days after Hirsch’s sentencing, his lawyer did nothing.

Not until May 20, 1999, did Hirsch’s lawyer (Douglas A. Forsyth, of St. Louis, Missouri) bestir himself on behalf of his client. On May 20 he filed in the district court a motion for permission to take an untimely appeal; the next day Forsyth filed a notice of appeal. On June 11 the district judge entered an order granting Forsyth’s motion and stating that “the May 21, 1999, Notice of Appeal is deemed timely.” That decision is ineffectual. Appellate Rule 4(b)(4) provides that a district court may “extend the time to file a notice of appeal for a period not to exceed 30 days from the expiration of the time otherwise prescribed by this Rule 4(b).” Rule 26(b)(1) adds that a district court lacks power to extend the time for a notice of appeal, except to the extent provided in Rule 4. Thus the maximum lawful extension would have been to March 15, 1999, a date long gone when Forsyth asked for extra time. (The outer limit is March 15, rather than March 18, because the extra days added to an original period that ends on a weekend or holiday are not tacked onto the extension period.)

When purporting to grant For-syth additional time to file a notice of appeal, the district court did not make findings of fact concerning Forsyth’s assertion that Hirsch asked the clerk to file a notice of appeal on his behalf. If such a request was made, then the district court needs to change its procedures to ensure compliance with Rule 32(c)(5). Failure to file a notice of appeal, after the defendant so requests in open court, is rare and may be unique; we have been unable to find any other case in which judges have had to ponder how to proceed when the clerk does not carry out that mechanical step. One possibility would be to declare that what should have been done will be treated as done; then we would proceed as if a notice of appeal had been filed on January 29, 1999. That approach would protect defendants from bureaucratic errors, but it could not be reconciled with the Rules of Appellate Procedure, which require an actual notice of appeal rather than a virtual one, or with the principle that a timely notice of appeal is essential to appellate jurisdiction. Browder v. Director, Department of Corrections, 434 U.S. 257, 264, 98 S.Ct. 556, 54 L.Ed.2d 521 (1978). Treating as done whatever should have been done would demolish the Rules’ timetables. It would, for example, treat a client’s request to his lawyer to file a notice of appeal as getting the appeal under way, whether the lawyer filed the notice or not. Even limiting the approach to public officials would require many rules and doctrines to be rewritten. Consider, for example, Fed. R. Grim. P. 29(c), which limits to seven days the time a defendant has to file a motion for acquittal (and also limits the period within which the judge may extend that time). Carlisle v. United States, 517 U.S. 416, 116 S.Ct. 1460, 134 L.Ed.2d 613 (1996), holds that the court lacks authority to grant a motion filed one day late, even on the assumption that it should have been filed earlier and that the delay did not cause prejudice. A principle that the court will treat a motion (or notice of appeal) as filed when it should have been filed would require a different outcome in Carlisle and many similar cases. Even the “unique circumstances doctrine,” an approach that treats some steps in the appellate process as if they had been done on time, applies only when a court expressly assures counsel or a litigant that a step has been taken correctly, Osterneck v. Ernst & Whinney, 489 U.S. 169, 178-79, 109 S.Ct. 987, 103 L.Ed.2d 146 (1989), and no express assurance is evident here.

Unsettling as it is to disadvantage Hirsch because of what may have been a clerical error, we have no choice but to dismiss this appeal. But just as in United [*931] States v. Marbley, 81 F.3d 51 (7th Cir. 1996), dismissal does not bring proceedings to a close; quite the contrary. Strict enforcement of a rule meant to expedite appellate resolution will breed delay, for Hirsch is not out of options. He may now file a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, contending that Forsyth’s failure to ensure that the clerk followed through deprived Hirseh of the assistance of counsel guaranteed by the sixth amendment. See Roe v. Flores-Ortega, — U.S. -, 120 S.Ct. 1029, 145 L.Ed.2d 985 (2000); United States v. Nagib, 56 F.3d 798 (7th Cir.1995); Castellanos v. United States, 26 F.3d 717 (7th Cir.1994). If the district court finds that Forsyth was asleep on the job, then the court must vacate the judgment and reimpose the sentence to permit an appeal.

Of course, the judge cannot overlook the possibility that Hirseh did not make a timely request for an appeal on his behalf. If he did not make a request in open court, or to counsel within 10 days, then relief is not available under § 2255. See United States v. Nagib, 44 F.3d 619 (7th Cir.1995); United States v. Mosley, 967 F.2d 242 (7th Cir.1992).

The transcript of the sentencing proceedings, which was prepared at our request, does not jibe with Forsyth’s representations to the district court (or to us). The district judge informed Hirseh: “If you so request, a notice of appeal will be docketed by the clerk at this time. Do you understand that?” Hirseh answered “yes” but did not go on to make the request. If the transcript is in error and Hirseh did make a timely request in open court, or if he asked Forsyth within 10 days to file an appeal, then Hirseh has received ineffective assistance of counsel. But if there was no request within 10 days in or out of court, then Hirseh cannot change his mind later and blame his lawyer. See Flores-Ortega, — U.S. at-, 120 S.Ct. at 1034-37.

We observed in Marbley that this multi-step process poorly serves the interests of both defendants and the judicial system. We are sending this opinion to the Judicial Conference’s Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure so that the bodies charged with proposing changes to the federal rules may consider whether it would be prudent to amend either Criminal Rule 32(c)(5) or Appellate Rule 4(b)(4) to provide for the possibility that the clerk will fail to comply with a request to file a notice of appeal. Perhaps it would be beneficial to amend Appellate Rule 4(b)(4) to provide that an appeal is timely if, within 10 days after being sentenced, a criminal defendant informs either court or counsel of his desire to appeal. Our function today, however, is not to draft new rules but to implement the rules as they exist. Under those rules, Hirsch’s appeal must be dismissed for want of jurisdiction.