Lashan D. Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286 (11th Cir. 2005). · Go Syfert
Lashan D. Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286 (11th Cir. 2005). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
127 citation events (127 in the last 25 years) across 35 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Bissonnette v. LePage Bakeries Park St., LLC (ca2, 2023-02-15) · Strongest negative: Saxon v. Southwest Airlines Co. (ilnd, 2019-10-08)
Treatment trajectory · 2005 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2005 2015 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" Saxon v. Southwest Airlines Co.
N.D. Ill. · 2019 · signal: but see · confidence high
Id. at 958; but see Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286 , 1289–90 (11th Cir. 2005) (explaining that an accounts manager who made incidental deliveries across state lines is no more a transportation worker than “a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across a state line to a customer in a neighboring town”).4 Here, Plaintiff does not assert in the complaint that she personally transported goods across state lines, so she does not automatically qualify as a transportation worker under Kienstra.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Bissonnette v. LePage Bakeries Park St., LLC
2d Cir. · 2023 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
because plaintiff was not within a class of workers within the transportation industry, his employment contract is not exempted from the faa's mandatory arbitration provisions.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Bissonnette v. LePage Bakeries (4×) also: Cited as authority (rule), Cited "see, e.g."
2d Cir. · 2022 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
it is apparent congress was concerned only with giving the arbitration exemption to 'classes' of transportation workers within the transportation industry.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Bissonnette v. LePage Bakeries (4×) also: Cited as authority (rule), Cited "see, e.g."
2d Cir. · 2022 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
it is apparent congress was concerned only with giving the arbitration exemption to 'classes' of transportation workers within the transportation industry.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Thomas Souran v. Grubhub Holdings, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
7th Cir. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the emphasis, therefore, was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods in- terstate as part of their job in an industry that would otherwise be unreg- ulated.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Thomas Souran v. Grubhub Holdings, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
7th Cir. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the emphasis, therefore, was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods in- terstate as part of their job in an industry that would otherwise be unreg- ulated.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ladarren Earl Rivers v. AT&T Mobility LLC, et al.
M.D. Ala. · 2026 · confidence medium
They are insufficient to overcome the “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Hill v. Rent– A– Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting Moses H.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Shanley v. Tracy Logistics LLC
E.D. Cal. · 2025 · confidence medium
No. 28 at 10– 28 11.) 1 The court recognizes that “[s]omeone whose occupation is not defined by its engagement 2 in interstate commerce does not qualify for the exemption just because she occasionally performs 3 that kind of work.” Wallace v. Grubhub Holdings, Inc., 970 F.3d 798 , 800 (7th Cir. 2020) (citing 4 Hill v. Rent-A-Center, 398 F.3d 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir. 2005)); see Capriole v. Uber Techs., 5 Inc., 7 F.4th 854 , 864 (9th Cir. 2021) (drivers who predominantly engaged in intrastate trips were 6 not actively engaged in interstate commerce, “even though some [] drivers undoubte…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Arrow Freight Management, Inc. v. Ruben Contreras
Tex. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
And, in Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr, the court held that an account manager for a rent-to-own business was not a transportation worker because the emphasis in the exemption “was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods interstate as part of their job.” Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) TEAMSTERS LOCAL UNION NO. 107 v. MADISON CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
E.D. Pa. · 2023 · confidence medium
Consequently, “someone whose occupation is not defined by its engagement in interstate commerce does not qualify for the exemption just because she occasionally performs that kind of work.” Id. (citing Hill v. Rent-A-Center, 398 F.3d 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir. 2005)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Nunes v. Lasership, Inc.
N.D. Ga. · 2023 · confidence medium
“This ‘exemption’ . . . excludes from the reach of the Federal Arbitration Act employees who are in a class of workers: (1) employed in the transportation industry; and (2) that, in the main, actually engages in interstate commerce.” Hamrick v. Partsfleet, LLC, 1 F.4th 1337, 1340 (citing Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jaswinder Singh v. Uber Technologies Inc
3rd Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
Plaintiffs’ interpretation would cover even “a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across state lines to a customer in a neighboring town.” Hill v. Rent- A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jaswinder Singh v. Uber Technologies Inc
3rd Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
Plaintiffs’ interpretation would cover even “a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across state lines to a customer in a neighboring town.” Hill v. Rent- A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Medeiros v. Point Pickup Technologies, Inc.
D. Conn. · 2023 · confidence medium
Wallace also cites to a case in which the Eleventh Circuit expressed doubt that the § 1 FAA exemption would apply to “a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across a state line to a customer in a neighboring town.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Collazos v. Garda CL Atlantic, Inc.
E.D.N.Y · 2023 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Here too, Garda’s provision of security features is an incidental feature of the voyage, albeit an important one, that merely makes the service more attractive to customers and ensures that “[the goods] arrive.” Bissonnette, 49 F.4th at 661 ; cf. Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005) (holding that an accountant working in a company selling and delivering furniture was not part of the “transportation industry.”).16 (2) Engaged in Foreign or Interstate Commerce Plaintiff and the putative class are not engaged in interstate commerce within the meaning of the FA…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wisener v. CMH Homes Inc
N.D. Ala. · 2022 · confidence medium
Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24 (1983) (explaining that the FAA reflects a “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.”); Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) O'Bryant v. Flowers Foods Inc
D.S.C. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Supreme Court has held that the FAA’s transportation worker exemption “should be narrowly construed.” Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005) (citing Cir. City Stores, Inc. v. Adams, 532 U.S. 105, 115 (2001)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) SINGH v. UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
D.N.J. · 2021 · confidence medium
Hill v. Rent-A- Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Britt v. IEC Corporation
S.D. Fla. · 2021 · confidence medium
“The FAA embodies a ‘liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.’” Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting Moses H.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Curtis Hamrick v. Partsfleet, LLC (2×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
Sometime later, the employee e.g., Hill, 398 F.3d at 1290 (“In [Paladino] we accepted the majority view among the circuits that “9 U.S.C. § 1[] includes only employees actually engaged in transportation of goods in commerce.’” (alteration in original)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Bean v. ES Partners, Inc. (3×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Fla. · 2021 · confidence medium
In saying so, the court read Circuit City as placing the “emphasis” on “a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods interstate as part of their job.” Id. at 1289 (emphasis added).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Aleksanian v. Uber Technologies Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 2021 · confidence medium
“By the same token, someone whose occupation is not defined by its engagement in interstate commerce does not qualify for the exemption just because [he] occasionally performs that kind of work.” Wallace, 970 F.3d at 800 (citing Hill v. Rent-A-Center, 398 F.3d 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir. 2005)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Brooks v. Ultra Enterprises Inc.
S.D. Fla. · 2020 · confidence medium
These provisions manifest a “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir 2005) (cleaned up).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bernadean Rittmann v. amazon.com, Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 2020 · confidence medium
Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005) (holding that an account manager for a rent-to-own business who occasionally made out-of-state deliveries was not part of a class of workers in the transportation industry for purposes of the § 1 exemption).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brashear v. Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
E.D. Cal. · 2020 · confidence medium
No. 17-6, Rodriguez 18 Decl. ¶ 2) According to Halliburton, “The driving completed by Plaintiffs is therefore clearly 19 incidental to the primary duties of their positions with Halliburton, and driving to and from a job site 20 does not render Plaintiffs “transportation workers” …” (Id.) 21 Halliburton asserts the facts before the Court are analogous to those considered by the Eleventh 22 Circuit in Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005).
cited Cited as authority (rule) HARPER v. AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC.
D.N.J. · 2020 · confidence medium
Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rogers v. Lyft, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
N.D. Cal. · 2020 · confidence medium
Take the Eleventh Circuit’s example of “a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across a state line to a customer in a neighboring town.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cunningham v. Lyft, Inc.
D. Mass. · 2020 · confidence medium
Defendants cite Hill v. Rent-A-Center, where the court held that an account manager was not a “transportation worker” despite periodically transporting furniture across state lines to out of state customers. 398 F.3d 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bryant v. Tristate Logistics of Arizona LLC
D. Ariz. · 2020 · confidence medium
See 24 Moses, 460 U.S. at 24-25 (“[A]ny doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should 25 be resolved in favor of arbitration, whether the problem at hand is the construction of the 26 contract language itself or an allegation of waiver, delay, or a like defense to arbitrability.”). 27 As the Eleventh Circuit similarly reasoned: “To broaden the scope of § 1's arbitration 28 exemption to encompass any employment disputes of a worker employed by a company 1 whose business dealings happen to cross state lines, would allow § 1's exception to swallow 2 the general policy requiring …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Champion v. Amazon.com LLC
N.D. Cal. · 2019 · confidence medium
Courts have found "contracts of 22 employment" of "transportation workers" are contracts of "workers in the transportation 23 industry." See Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (11th Cir. 2005) (citing 24 cases). 25 Here, the Court found the exemption set forth in § 1 did not apply to the 26 Agreement, which ruling involves a controlling question of law.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jaswinder Singh v. Uber Technologies Inc
3rd Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
See also Lenz v. Yellow 24 Transp., Inc., 431 F.3d 348, 351 (8th Cir. 2005) (involving a customer service representative for a transportation company)8; Hill v. Rent-A-Center., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005) (involving an account manager for a furniture and appliance rental business). ii.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bruce Gates v. TF Final Mile, LLC
11th Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
Specifically, 9 U.S.C. § 1 “exempts from [FAA] coverage any arbitration agreement contained in ‘contracts of employment of . . . workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce.’” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting § 1).
cited Cited as authority (rule) OEP Holdings, LLC. v. Mohammad Akhondi
Tex. App. · 2018 · confidence medium
Id. at 120- 21, 121 S.Ct. at 1312 ; Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Rimel v. Uber Technologies, Inc.
M.D. Fla. · 2017 · confidence medium
Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Williams v. Navient Solutions, LLC (In re Williams)
Bankr. S.D. Florida · 2017 · confidence medium
The FAA evinces a “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005) (quotations omitted). “[A]ny doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration.” Moses H.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rodney Bodine v. Cook's Pest Control, Inc. (2×)
11th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Herrera Cedeno v. Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC
S.D. Fla. · 2016 · confidence medium
The FAA evinces a “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir.2005) (quoting Moses, 460 U.S. at 24 , 103 S.Ct. 927 )); see also Picard v. Credit Solutions, Inc., 564 F.3d 1249, 1253 (11th Cir.2009) (“The FAA creates a strong federal policy in favor of arbitration”). “[A]ny doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration.” Moses, 460 U.S. at 24-25 , 103 S.Ct. 927 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Levin v. Caviar, Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2015 · confidence medium
In Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir.2005), the Eleventh Circuit distinguished between a transportation worker engaged in interstate commerce and the “activities of an interstate traveling pharmaceutical salesman who incidentally delivered products in his travels, or a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across a state line to a customer in a neighboring town.” Similarly, in Veliz v. Cintas Corp., 2004 WL 2452851 at *3 (N.D.Cal.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Garrido v. Air Liquide Industrial US CA2/2
Cal. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
LEXIS at p. *6 [truck drivers are “indisputably transportation workers”].) Citing to Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc. (11th Cir. 2005) 398 F.3d 1286, 1290 (Hill), which found that “Congress was concerned only with giving the arbitration exemption to ‘classes’ of transportation workers within the transportation industry,” Air Liquide argues that it is not in the transportation industry and so the FAA section 1 exemption cannot apply.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chambers v. Groome Transportation
M.D. Ala. · 2014 · confidence medium
The FAA evinces a “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir.2005) (quoting Moses, 460 U.S. at 24 , 103 S.Ct. 927 ); see also Picard v. Credit Solutions, Inc., 564 F.3d 1249, 1253 (11th Cir.2009) (“The FAA creates a strong federal policy in favor of arbitration.”). “[A]ny doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration.” Moses H.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Melvin Gualberto Medina Martinez v. Carnival Corporation
11th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir.2005).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wallace v. Rick Case Auto, Inc.
N.D. Ga. · 2013 · confidence medium
The FAA reflects “a liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir.2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jose Alvaro Dolmo Montero v. Carnival Corporation
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
Ala. v. Randolph, 531 U.S. 79, 86-87 , 121 S.Ct. 513, 519-20 , 148 L.Ed.2d 373 (2000) (dismissal with prejudice); Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir.2005) (dismissal without prejudice).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) InterDigital Communications, LLC v. International Trade Commission (2×)
Fed. Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
Following Green Tree, the regional circuits have uniformly held that a district court order dismissing an action in favor of arbitration, “without prejudice” to re-filing after the completion of arbitration, is also an appealable “final decision.” See, e.g., Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2005) (finding appellate jurisdiction over a district court’s dismissal without prejudice in favor of arbitration); Westlake Styrene Corp. v. P.M.I.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kowalewski v. Samandarov
S.D.N.Y. · 2008 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir.2005) (“The emphasis [of Circuit City ] ... was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods interstate as part of their job in an industry that would otherwise be unregulated.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) David Kayne v. The Thomas Kinkade Company
11th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
This Court has extended the holding in Green Tree to situations in which the district court compels arbitration but dismisses the action without prejudice, explaining that the district court’s order is final “insofar as compelled arbitration is concerned.” Hill v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. *802 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Elcom Technologies Corp.
Bankr. E.D. Pa. · 2006 · confidence medium
Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24 , 103 S.Ct. 927, 941 , 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983); Coley v. Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., 428 F.3d 1359, 1367 (11th Cir.2005); Hill v. Rentr-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th *357 Cir.2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) B.L. Harbert International, LLC v. Hercules Steel Co.
11th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24 , 103 S.Ct. 927, 941 , 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983); Caley v. Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., 428 F.3d 1359, 1367 (11th Cir.2005); Hill v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir.2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Troy J. Lenz v. Yellow Transportation, Inc.
8th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
“The emphasis [of the § 1 exclusion, therefore,] was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods interstate as part of their job in an industry that would otherwise be unregulated.” Hill v. Ren-A-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir .2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Troy J. Lenz v. Yellow Trans.
8th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
"The emphasis [of the § 1 exclusion, therefore,] was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods interstate as part of their job in an industry that would otherwise be unregulated." Hill v. Rent-a-Center, Inc., 398 F.3d 1286, 1289 (11th Cir. 2005).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Lashan D. HILL, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
RENT-A-CENTER, INC., Defendant-Appellee
03-15608.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Feb 4, 2005.
398 F.3d 1286
2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 1831
2005 WL 268269
Sterling L. DeRamus, Thomas F. Talty, Thomas, Talty & Associates, Birmingham, AL, for Plaintiff-Appellant., Robert Francois Friedman, Littler Men-delson, P.C., Dallas, TX, David Mi Smith, Janell M. Ahnert, Maynard, Cooper & Gale, Birmingham, AL, for Defendant-Ap-pellee.
Anderson, Carnes, Roney.
Cited by 74 opinions  |  Published
RONEY, Circuit Judge:

The Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) provides that, if a suit is filed in[*1288] the district court upon any issue that is subject to a written arbitration agreement, the court shall stay the trial of such action until arbitration has been had in accordance with that agreement. See 9 U.S.C. § 3. The Act, however, exempts from coverage any arbitration agreement contained in “contracts of employment of seamen, railroad employees, or any other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce.” 9 U.S.C. § 1. Plaintiff LaSh-an D. Hill, who brought this employment race discrimination claim, signed an agreement to arbitrate any employment related claims when he was employed as an account manager for defendant Renh-A-Cen-ter, Inc., a business that rents furniture and appliances to customers on a “rent-to-own” basis. Because plaintiffs job duties involved making delivery of goods to customers out of state in his employer’s truck, he opposed his employer’s motion to compel arbitration on the ground that he was a worker in interstate commerce and thus exempt from the mandatory arbitration provisions of the FAA. In a case of first impression in this Circuit, we hold that since Hill is not a transportation industry worker, he is not exempt from the mandatory arbitration provisions of the FAA. The district court’s stay order compelling arbitration of Hill’s employment discrimination claims is affirmed.

Jurisdiction of Appeal

Contrary to the defendant’s argument that the district court order is not appealable because it had dismissed Hill’s case without prejudice to reinstatement if arbitration was not completed successfully, the order was clearly a “final order” insofar as compelled arbitration is concerned. Under the FAA, a stay pending the result of arbitration is considered an interlocutory order and may not be appealed. 9 U.S.C. § 16(b)(1). An appeal may be taken, however, from a “final decision with respect to an arbitration.” 9 U.S.C. § 16(a)(3). The district court order made a final decision that arbitration was compelled under the Act. It “plainly disposed of the entire case” insofar as compelled arbitration was concerned, “and left no part of it pending before the court.” Green Tree Fin. Corp. v. Randolph, 531 U.S. 79, 86, 121 S.Ct. 513, 148 L.Ed.2d 373 (2000); see also Employers Ins. of Wausau v. Bright Metal, 251 F.3d 1316, 1321 (11th Cir.2001) (“because the arbitration order dispose[d] of all the issues framed by the litigation and le[ft] nothing for the district court to resolve it was an appeal-able final order”); Salim Oleochemicals v. M/V SHROPSHIRE, 278 F.3d 90, 93 (2d Cir.2002) (holding that dismissals with and without prejudice are equally appealable as final orders); Blair v. Scott Specialty Gases, 283 F.3d 595, 600-02 (3d Cir.2002) (same); Interactive Flight Tech., Inc. v. Swissair Swiss Air Transp. Co., 249 F.3d 1177, 1179 (9th Cir.2001) (same).

Applicability of § 1 Exemption from Compelled Arbitration

The validity of an agreement to arbitrate is generally governed by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq., which was enacted in 1925 to reverse the longstanding judicial hostility toward arbitration. See Gilmer v. Interstate Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20, 24, 111 S.Ct. 1647, 114 L.Ed.2d 26 (1991). The FAA embodies a “liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.” Moses H. Cone Mem’l Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24, 103 S.Ct. 927, 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983). Generally, the FAA provides for the enforceability of “any maritime transaction or a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce.” 9 U.S.C. § 2; see also Paladino v. Avnet Computer Techs., Inc., 134 F.3d 1054, 1061 (11th Cir.1998). The FAA exempts, how[*1289] ever, from its coverage arbitration agreements contained in “contracts of employment of seamen, railroad employees, or any other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce.” 9 U.S.C. § 1.

The question here is whether Hill, an account manager who as part of his job duties transports merchandise across the Georgia/Alabama border, is a member of a “class of workers engaged in ... interstate commerce” within the meaning of the Act, therefore qualifies for the § 1 exemption from coverage of the FAA.

The principal Supreme Court case addressing the § 1 exemption is Circuit City v. Adams, 532 U.S. 105, 121 S.Ct. 1302, 149 L.Ed.2d 234 (2001). Circuit City involved a challenge to the application of the FAA to employment contracts in general in which the Ninth Circuit had held that the § 1 exception for the “other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce” exempted all employment contracts from FAA required arbitration. 532 U.S. at 112, 121 S.Ct. 1302. The Supreme Court reversed, primarily relying on a general rule of statutory interpretation, ejusdem generis, which provides that general words following specific words in statutes should be interpreted to be similar in nature to the specific words they follow. 532 U.S. at 114-15,121 S.Ct. 1302. Applying that rule, the Supreme Court determined that Congress intended the term “other class of workers” to be limited in scope by the terms “seamen” and “railroad employees.” 532 U.S. at 115, 121 S.Ct. 1302. The Court concluded that the FAA’s “engaged in commerce” exception should be narrowly construed to apply only to “transportation workers” and not to employment contracts in general. 532 U.S. at 119, 121 S.Ct. 1302. It held that the mandatory arbitration provisions of the FAA was applicable to all contracts of employment except those involving “transportation workers.” 532 U.S. at 119, 121 S.Ct. 1302; see also Weeks v. Harden, Mfg. Corp., 291 F.3d 1307, 1313 (11th Cir.2002) (discussing Circuit City).

The Court made the “permissible inference” that Congress’ intent when it created the exception was to reserve regulation of such employees for separate legislation more specific to the transportation industry. 532 U.S. at 120-21, 121 S.Ct. 1302. The Court cited the Seventh Circuit’s opinion in Pryner v. Tractor Supply Co., 109 F.3d 354, 358 (7th Cir.1997) for proposition that:

As for the residual exclusions of any other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce, Congress’ demonstrated concern with transportation workers and their necessary role in the free flow of goods explains the linkage to the two specific enumerated types of workers identified in the preceding portion of the sentence. It would be rational for Congress to ensure that workers in general would be covered by the provisions of the FAA, while reserving for itself more specific legislation for those engaged in transportation.

Circuit City, 532 U.S. at 121, 121 S.Ct. 1302. The Court then noted, “Indeed, such legislation was soon to follow with the amendment of the Railway Labor Act in 1936 to include air carriers and their employees.” 532 U.S. at 121, 121 S.Ct. 1302.

The emphasis, therefore, was on a class of workers in the transportation industry, rather than on workers who incidentally transported goods interstate as part of their job in an industry that would otherwise be unregulated. There is no indication that Congress would be any more concerned about the regulation of the interstate transportation activity incidental to Hill’s employment as an account manager, than it would in regulating the inter[*1290] state “transportation” activities of an interstate traveling pharmaceutical salesman who incidentally delivered products in his travels, or a pizza delivery person who delivered pizza across a state line to a customer in a neighboring town.

Thus, it is apparent Congress was concerned only with giving the arbitration exemption to “classes” of transportation workers within the transportation industry. Hill is clearly not a member of such a class. This decision is consistent with the overarching principle of a liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements. Moses H. Cone Mem’l Hosp., 460 U.S. at 24, 103 S.Ct. 927. To broaden the scope of § l’s arbitration exemption to encompass any employment disputes of a worker employed by a company whose business dealings happen to cross state lines, would allow § l’s exception to swallow the general policy requiring the enforcement of arbitration agreements as pronounced in § 2 of the FAA.

Other circuits have held that the § 1 exclusion to mandatory arbitration only applies to those workers in the transportation industry. See, e.g. Maryland Cas. Co. v. Realty Advisory Bd. on Labor Relations, 107 F.3d 979, 982 (2d Cir.1997) (noting that “our Circuit’s § 1 exclusion is limited to workers in the transportation industries,” and citing Erving v. Virginia Squires Basketball Club, 468 F.2d 1064, 1069 (2d Cir.1972)); Pietro Scalzitti Co. v. Int’l Union of Operating Eng’rs, Local No. 150, 351 F.2d 576, 579-80 (7th Cir.1965) (same).

Hill contends that such a position is contrary to our decision in Paladino v. Avnet Computer Techs., Inc., 134 F.3d 1054 (11th Cir.1998). In that case we accepted the majority view among the circuits that “9 U.S.C. § 1[] includes only employees actually engaged in transportation of goods in commerce.” 134 F.3d at 1060-61. Hill argues that because he did transport goods across state lines, Paladi-no means that the § 1 exemption should apply to him.

Although we applied in Paladino the requirement that the employee must “actually engage” in the transportation of goods in interstate commerce for the § 1 exemption to apply, we did not hold that the existence of that one factor alone would trigger the § 1 exemption. In other words, Paladino held that the interstate transportation factor is a necessary but not sufficient showing for the purposes of the exemption. By the same token we hold that in addition to the interstate transportation of goods requirement set forth in Paladino, the employee seeking application of § l’s exemption must also be employed in the transportation industry. Moreover, because Paladino was decided prior to the Supreme Court’s decision in Circuit City, to the extent of any conflict between these two decisions, Paladino must yield.

Because Hill was not within a class of workers within the transportation industry, his employment contract is not exempted from the FAA’s mandatory arbitration provisions. The district court’s judgment that Hill must go to arbitration for his discrimination claims is

AFFIRMED.