Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. Eklecco, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544 (8th Cir. 2003). · Go Syfert
Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. Eklecco, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544 (8th Cir. 2003). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
60 citation events (60 in the last 25 years) across 17 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Retsel Corporation v. NDN Collective (sdd, 2025-05-13)
Treatment trajectory · 2005 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2005 2015 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 37 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Retsel Corporation v. NDN Collective (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
D.S.D. · 2025 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome, we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum-selection clause under federal law.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) NRRM, LLC v. Endurance Warranty Services, LLC
E.D. Mo. · 2024 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
in this case, both parties operate under the assumption that federal law controls the question of whether this forum selection clause applies. we are inclined to agree, but acknowledge that this appears to be an open question.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Foreman Electric Services, Inc. v. Haliron Power, LLC
W.D. Ark. · 2020 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome, we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum selection clause under federal law.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) PNC Bank, National Association v. Cisco Systems, Inc. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
E.D. Mo. · 2020 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
in this case, both parties operate under the assumption that federal law controls the question of whether this forum selection clause applies. we are inclined to agree, but acknowledge that this appears to be an open question . . .
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) PNC Bank, National Association v. MAC Meetings & Events, L.L.C. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
E.D. Mo. · 2020 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
in this case, both parties operate under the assumption that federal law controls the question of whether this forum selection clause applies. we are inclined to agree, but acknowledge that this appears to be an open question . . .
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) St. Jude Medical S.C., Inc. v. Suchomel
D. Minnesota · 2020 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome, we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum selection clause under federal law.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Zamora Entertainment, Inc. v. William Morris Endeavor Entertainments, L.L.C. (2×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Iowa · 2009 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
in this case, both parties operate under the assumption that federal law controls the question of whether this forum selection clause applies. we are inclined to agree.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Fru-Con Construction Corp. v. Controlled Air, Inc. (3×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
8th Cir. · 2009 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum selection clause under federal law" only "because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Fru-Con Construction Corp. v. Controlled Air (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
8th Cir. · 2009 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum selection clause under federal law" only "because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vaughn Boyd v. Deadwood Tobacco Co. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
8th Cir. · 2026 · confidence medium
Servewell, 439 F.3d at 788 . “[T]he meaning, scope, [and] applicability of the forum selection clause . . . [are] questions of contract interpretation . . . .” Id. (citing Rainforest Cafe Inc. v. EklecCo, 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003); Dunne, 330 F.3d at 1063 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Agtegra Cooperative v. Over XXI, Inc.
D.S.D. · 2024 · confidence medium
Sheriff's Off., 5 F.4th 895 , 897 n.2 (8th Cir. 2021) (““[B]oth parties operate under the assumption that [Arkansas] law controls,’ Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003), ‘and neither party argues that the application of one or another body of law would materially affect the outcome,’ Servewell Plumbing, LLC v. Fed.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Agtegra Cooperative v. Over XXI, Inc.
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
Sheriff's Off., 5 F.4th 895 , 897 n.2 (8th Cir. 2021) (““[B]oth parties operate under the assumption that [Arkansas] law controls,’ Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003), ‘and neither party argues that the application of one or another body of law would materially affect the outcome,’ Servewell Plumbing, LLC v. Fed.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) PersaudBramante Apartments, L.L.C. v. Underwriters at Lloyd's of London
D. Minnesota · 2023 · confidence medium
Minnesota courts regularly enforce mandatory forum-selection clauses like this one.4 See Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 547 (8th Cir. 2003) (affirming district court’s dismissal for improper venue based on mandatory forum- selection clause).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Lackie Drug Store Inc v. Arkansas CVS Pharmacy LLC
E.D. Ark. · 2022 · confidence medium
Minn. Dec. 3, 2013) (citing Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003)); see also Atl.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Lackie Drug Store Inc v. Express Scripts
E.D. Mo. · 2022 · confidence medium
Minn. Dec. 3, 2013) (citing Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003)); see also Atl.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smart Communications Collier v. Pope County Sheriff's Office
8th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
Although the enforceability and interpretation of forum-selection clauses are distinct concepts, see Martinez, 740 F.3d at 217 (“distinguish[ing] between the interpretation of a forum selection clause and the enforceability of the clause”), we similarly decline to take a side on the issue of what law applies to the interpretation of a forum- selection clause. “[B]oth parties operate under the assumption that [Arkansas] law controls,” Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003), “and neither party argues that the application of one or another body of l…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) January v. Invasix, Inc.
E.D. Mo. · 2021 · confidence medium
The Eighth Circuit has, however, “indicated its general agreement with the proposition that in a diversity case federal law controls whether a forum selection clause applies.” Id. (citing Ranforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) U.S. Bank National Association v. Silicon Valley Fence Sales, Inc.
D. Minnesota · 2021 · confidence medium
Co., 439 F.3d 786, 789 (8th Cir. 2006); Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003); M.B.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Doshier v. Twitter Inc
E.D. Ark. · 2019 · confidence medium
Minn. Dec. 3, 2013) (citing Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003)); see also Atl.
cited Cited as authority (rule) dotStrategy, Co. v. Twitter Inc
N.D. Cal. · 2019 · confidence medium
Minn. Dec. 3, 2013) (citing Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003)); see also Atl.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Civil Ag Group, Inc. v. Octaform Systems, Inc.
D. Minnesota · 2017 · confidence medium
To determine whether a forum-selection clause applies, a district court must interpret the language of the clause, see Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003), which is done according to the plain language of the contract and the intent of the parties as expressed in the disputed clause, see Norfolk S. Ry.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) JTV Manufacturing, Inc. v. Braketown USA, Inc.
N.D. Iowa · 2015 · confidence medium
Co., 439 F.3d 786, 789 (8th Cir.2006); Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, LLC, 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir.2003); Sun World Lines, Ltd. v. March Shipping Corp., 801 F.2d 1066, 1068-69 (8th Cir.1986). 3 Based on these authorities, I will apply federal law to the question of whether the forum-selection clause became an enforceable term of the parties’ agreement.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Minnesota Supply Co. v. Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift America Inc.
D. Minnesota · 2011 · confidence medium
Corp. v. Controlled Air, Inc., 574 F.3d 527, 538 (8th Cir.2009) (“[EJnforcement, or not, of the contractual forum selection clause was a federal court procedural matter governed by federal law.”) (Beam, J., with Bye, J., concurring in the result); Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir.2003) ("We are inclined to agree [that federal law controls].”). .
cited Cited as authority (rule) IFC Credit Corp v. Aliano Brothers
7th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
Co. v. Donovan, supra, 916 F.2d at 373-74 ; Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ifc Credit Corporation v. Aliano Brothers General Contractors, Inc.
7th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
Co. v. Donovan, supra, 916 F.2d at 373-74 ; Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited "see" Hardwood Lumber, Inc. v. Brewco Incorporated
W.D. Mo. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544 , 546 n. 5 (8th Cir. 2003) (the court did not address the issue because the motion to dismiss was brought pursuant to both Rule 12(b)(3) and 12(b)(6)).
cited Cited "see" Fountain v. Oasis Legal Finance, LLC
D. Minnesota · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. EklecCo, LLC, 340 F.3d 544 , 545 n. 5 (8th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited "see" Union Electric Co. v. Energy Insurance Mutual Ltd. (2×)
8th Cir. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, LLC, 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir.2003) (“Because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome, we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum selection clause under federal law”).
discussed Cited "see" Ei Uk Holdings v. Cinergy Uk, Unpublished Decision (3-23-2005)
Ohio Ct. App. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo (C.A.8, 2003), 340 F.3d 544 , 546 (noting the exising discrepancy among federal courts as to whether to apply state or federal law when interpreting forum selection clauses).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Courtelis v. Rosenberg
D. Minnesota · 2022 · signal: see also · confidence medium
“The enforceability of forum-selection clauses is governed by federal law.” Wilson v. 5 Choices, LLC, 776 F. App'x 320 , 327 (6th Cir. 2019); see also Ranforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003); Minn. Supply Co. v. Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift Am., Inc., 822 F. Supp. 2d 896, 916 (D.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Courtelis v. Rosenberg
E.D. Ky. · 2022 · signal: see also · confidence medium
“The enforceability of forum-selection clauses is governed by federal law.” Wilson v. 5 Choices, LLC, 776 F. App'x 320 , 327 (6th Cir. 2019); see also Ranforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003); Minn. Supply Co. v. Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift Am., Inc., 822 F. Supp. 2d 896, 916 (D.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Arp Wave, LLC v. Salpeter
D. Me. · 2019 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C. , 340 F.3d 544 , 546 (8th Cir. 2003) (stating that it was "inclined to agree" with the parties "that federal law controls the question of whether [the] forum selection clause applies"), with Dunne v. Libbra , 330 F.3d 1062 , 1064 (8th Cir. 2003) (applying Illinois law when determining whether a forum-selection clause applies).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Kanza Construction, Inc. v. Kansas City Southern Railway
W.D. Mo. · 2014 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544 , 545 n. 5 (8th Cir.2003).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." High Plains Construction, Inc. v. Gay
S.D. Iowa · 2011 · signal: see also · confidence medium
“In a suit based on diversity of citizenship, federal law determines the validity of a forum selection clause.” Zamora Entm’t, Inc. v. William Morris Endeavor Entm’ts, 667 F.Supp.2d 1032, 1037 (S.D.Iowa 2009) (citing Sun World Lines, Ltd. v. March Shipping Corp., 801 F.2d 1066, 1068-69 (8th Cir.1986)); see also Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir.2003) (applying federal law to determine “whether th[e] forum selection clause applies” while noting that its governance is still “an open question” in the Eighth Circuit). 5 District courts are to vie…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Feldman v. Google, Inc.
E.D. Pa. · 2007 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Rainforest Café v. EklecCo, L.L.C., 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir.2003); Jones v. Weibrecht, 901 F.2d 17, 19 (2d Cir.1990); Manetti-Farrow, Inc. v. Gucci Am., Inc., 858 F.2d 509, 512-13 (9th Cir.1988); Stewart Org., Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 810 F.2d 1066 , 1067-69 (11th Cir.1987) (en banc), aff'd, on other grounds, 487 U.S. 22 , 108 S.Ct. 2239 , 101 L.Ed.2d 22 (1988); see also Stewart Org., Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 487 U.S. 22, 31-32 , 108 S.Ct. 2239 , 101 L.Ed.2d 22 (1988) (holding that in diversity cases, federal law governs determination of what effect to give forum selection clause in con…
cited Cited "see, e.g." Servewell Plumbing v. Federal Ins. Co.
8th Cir. · 2006 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See e.g., Rainforest Café, Inc. v. EklecCo, LLC, 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003); Dunne v. Libbra, 330 F.3d 1062, 1063 (8th Cir. 2003).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Servewell Plumbing, LLC v. Federal Insurance Company
8th Cir. · 2006 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See e.g., Rainforest Cafe, Inc. v. EklecCo, LLC, 340 F.3d 544, 546 (8th Cir. 2003); Dunne v. Libbra, 330 F.3d 1062, 1063 (8th Cir.2003).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
RAINFOREST CAFE, INC., Appellant,
v.
EKLECCO, L.L.C., Appellee
02-3829.
Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Aug 15, 2003.
340 F.3d 544
2003 U.S. App. LEXIS 16711
2003 WL 21946891
Peter W. Carter, argued, Minneapolis, MN (F. Matthew Ralph, on the brief), for appellant., David T. Shultz, argued, Minneapolis, MN (Thomas M. Sipkins and Cynthia P. Arends, on the brief), for appellee.
Riley, Heaney, Ericksen.
Cited by 41 opinions  |  Published
HEANEY, Circuit Judge.

Rainforest Cafe, Inc. (Rainforest) appeals from the district court’s order dismissing its declaratory judgment action against EklecCo L.L.C. (EklecCo) on the ground that the proper venue for the suit was New York Supreme Court. We affirm.

[*545] BACKGROUND

Rainforest is a Minnesota corporation that operates a chain of theme restaurants. EklecCo is a real estate development company that operates the Palisades Center Mall in Clarkstown, New York. In 1996, Rainforest and EklecCo agreed that Rainforest would open one of its restaurants at the Palisades Center Mall. On August 7, 1996, EklecCo and a wholly owned subsidiary of Rainforest named Rainforest Cafe, Inc.-Lightning (Lightning) entered into a ten-year lease agreement. Rainforest guaranteed the first three years of Lightning’s obligations under the lease. The lease contained a forum selection clause which states:

This Lease, and any dispute concerning this Lease, shall be governed by the laws of the state of New York and any dispute concerning the application or any interpretation of any portion of the Lease or the conduct of the parties shall be brought in the New York Supreme Court, Onondaga County.

(Appellee’s App. at 47.)

On December 29, 1996, EklecCo and Lightning entered into an assignment agreement whereby another Rainforest subsidiary, Rainforest Cafe, Inc.-Mist (Mist) assumed Lightning’s rights and obligations under the Palisades Center lease. [2] On April 15, 1998, a number of Rainforest subsidiaries, including Lightning, were merged into Mist, leaving Mist as the surviving corporation. On September 21, 2000, Rainforest merged Mist and another subsidiary into itself, leaving Rainforest as the surviving corporation.

Meanwhile, the restaurant operating in the Palisades Center Mall was not performing as Rainforest had hoped. Eventually, a dispute arose as to what Rainforest’s obligations were under the lease. EklecCo advised Rainforest that as a result of its corporate restructurings, it was now in the position of Lightning, the original tenant. Thus, EklecCo maintained that Rainforest had become fully liable for the entire ten-year lease, rather than simply a guarantor for the first three years of the term. [3]

After receiving word of EklecCo’s position, Rainforest filed Articles of Correction with the Minnesota Secretary of State, contending that it had mistakenly merged Lightning into Mist, and seeking to correct the matter by deleting reference to Lightning in its 1998 merger documents. Once the Secretary of State certified Rainforest’s Articles of Correction, Rainforest instituted this declaratory judgment action in Minnesota state court, naming EklecCo as the sole defendant. [4] For relief, Rainforest requested “[a] declaration that Rainforest is not the successor by merger to the liabilities and obligations of Lightning including those arising from the lease with EklecCo.” (Appellant’s App. at 107.)

EklecCo moved to dismiss based on improper venue. [5] The matter was referred[*546] to a magistrate who recommended that EklecCo’s motion be granted because the case was essentially about the obligations of the parties under a lease for New York property. The magistrate also recognized that the lease stated the proper forum for lease disputes or issues concerning the conduct of the parties was Onondaga County, New York. The district court adopted the magistrate’s report and recommendation and dismissed the suit. This appeal followed.

ANALYSIS

Both the magistrate and the district court determined Minnesota was not the appropriate venue for this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391. Rainforest does not argue that the lower court erred generally in its analysis under § 1391, but instead limits its argument to the applicability of the forum selection clause in the lease. [6] Thus, “[t]he only issue on appeal is a legal issue of contract construction,” Dunne v. Libbra, 330 F.3d 1062, 1063 (8th Cir.2003), which we review de novo, Terra Int’l, Inc. v. Miss. Chem. Corp., 119 F.3d 688, 691-92 (8th Cir.1997).

In this case, both parties operate under the assumption that federal law controls the question of whether this forum selection clause applies. We are inclined to agree, see Stewart Org., Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 487 U.S. 22, 31-32, 108 S.Ct. 2239, 101 L.Ed.2d 22 (1988) (holding that in diversity cases, federal law governs determination of what effect to give forum selection clause in contract), but acknowledge that this appears to be an open question, see M.B. Rests., Inc. v. CKE Rests., Inc., 183 F.3d 750, 752 n. 4 (8th Cir.1999) (noting circuit split on issue of whether interpretation of forum selection clauses in diversity cases is substantive or procedural issue and leaving matter undecided in Eighth Circuit); see also Excell, Inc. v. Sterling Boiler & Mech., Inc., 106 F.3d 318, 320-21 (10th Cir.1997) (leaving open the question of whether state or federal law controls validity and interpretation of forum selection clauses). Because the parties have not argued that state law would result in a materially different outcome, we indulge their suggestion that we interpret the forum selection clause under federal law. Accord M.B. Rests., Inc., 183 F.3d at 752.

Rainforest, through its subsidiary Lightning, entered into a lease that contains a mandatory forum selection clause. The clause requires that “any dispute concerning the application or any interpretation of any portion of the Lease or the conduct of the parties shall be brought in the New York Supreme Court, Onondaga County.” (Appellee’s App. at 47 (emphasis added).) Rainforest asserts that this declaratory judgment action is not about the lease, nor about the conduct of the parties, but rather only concerns what effect Rainforest’s myriad restructurings have had on its obligations. This argument is specious at best. First, Rainforest is not merely asking the court to define the scope of its general obligations. In its complaint, its only specific prayer for relief is “[a] decla[*547] ration that Rainforest is not the successor by merger to the liabilities and obligations of Lightning inclvding those arising from the lease with EklecCo.” (Appellant’s App. at 107 (emphasis added).) The complaint is captioned as an action between only two parties: Rainforest as plaintiff, and Eklec-Co as defendant, seeking to resolve a dispute between those parties. Essentially, Rainforest commenced a lawsuit concerning the parties’ conduct vis-a-vis the lease, and sought a declaration that directly deals with the lease. These issues are squarely covered by the forum selection clause, and we thus hold the district court did not err in dismissing the suit for improper venue.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated herein, we affirm the district court. Having considered Ek-lecCo’s pending motion to strike sections of Rainforest’s brief, we deny the motion.

2

. Mist limited its liability under this assumption agreement to only those assets and accounts receivable related to the operation of its Palisades Center restaurant. As part of the agreement, however, Lightning continued to have full, unlimited liability under the lease as if no assignment had been made.

3

. The issue of the parties’ obligations under the lease is not before this court.

4

. EklecCo timely removed the matter to the district court based on the parties’ diversity of citizenship.

5

. Rainforest moved to dismiss under Rules 12(b)(3) and 12(b)(6) of Civil Procedure. Although not addressed below, we recognize that there is some controversy as to whether Rule 12(b)(3) or 12(b)(6) is the proper vehicle for bringing a motion to dismiss based on improper venue when the issue turns on a forum selection clause in the parties' underly[*546] ing contract. See Kerobo v. Southwestern Clean Fuels, Corp., 285 F.3d 531, 534-36 (6th Cir.2002) (noting circuit split as to whether motion to dismiss based on forum selection clause should be brought pursuant to 12(b)(3) or 12(b)(6)). The question appears to be open in this circuit, and we need not address it in this appeal since EklecCo has moved under both subsections of Rule 12.

6

. Rainforest does not argue to this court that the forum selection clause is invalid or unenforceable. It solely contends that this declaratory judgment suit is beyond the scope of the clause.