Delores Abram et al v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., filed a motion for class certification under Rule 23(b)(3). After some discovery, the Dist. court denied the, 67 F.3d 571. · Go Syfert
Delores Abram et al v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., filed a motion for class certification under Rule 23(b)(3). After some discovery, the Dist. court denied the, 67 F.3d 571. Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
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At page 574 District court discretion to sever actions under rules 20, 21, and 42(b)59 citing cases“district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.”13 citing courts quote it · 44 listed here
  • Garner, No. 2:25-cv-00294 (E.D. La. Apr. 22, 2026).
    ([T]he district court also has discretion to sever claims under Rule 42(b), in furtherance of convenience or economy, or to prevent prejudice.)
  • C & S Props. - I, LLC v. Foremost Ins. Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan, No. 2:24-cv-00462 (E.D. La. Jan. 10, 2025).
    ([T]he district court also has discretion to sever claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 42(b), in furtherance of convenience or economy, or to prevent prejudice.)
  • Stein v. Needle, No. 3:19-cv-01634 (D. Conn. July 17, 2020).
    (Generally, permissive joinder of plaintiffs under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 is at the option of plaintiffs)
  • Acosta v. Faraones Nightclub, No. 2:18-cv-17710 (D.N.J. Oct. 18, 2019).
    (Generally, permissive joinder of plaintiffs under Federal Rule of Civil Procedures 20 is at the option of the plaintiffs . . . .)
  • El Aguila Food Prods., Inc. v. Gruma Corp., 167 F. Supp. 2d 955 (S.D. Tex. 2001).published 5 cites
    “the district court has discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined”
  • Damon J. Baldone, LLC v. Starr Surplus Lines Ins. Co., et al., No. 2:22-cv-01903 (E.D. La. Feb. 10, 2026).
    Jan. 17, 2007) (Feldman, J.) (citing United States v. O'Neil, 709 F.2d 361 , 369 (5th Cir. 1983); Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995)). 74 Id. at *2 (citing Vaz v. Allstate Prop. & Cas.
  • Jaddou, No. 4:24-cv-02128 (S.D. Tex. Nov. 21, 2025).
    “Generally, permissive joinder ... is at the option of the plaintiffs, assuming they meet the requirements set forth in Rule 20.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (Sth Cir. 1995).
  • In re: Stewart Barge No. Twelve, LLC, as Owner of the SC 740 Barge, No. 2:25-cv-01300 (E.D. La. Nov. 4, 2025).
    Nonetheless and critically relevant in this case, permissive joinder under Rule 20 is at the option of the plaintiffs.6 See Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995); see also Field v. Volkswagenwerk AG, 626…
  • JetTexas Oil, LLC v. Hoge, No. 24-02006 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. Mar. 3, 2025).
    See Alaniz, 591 F.3d at 773–74; Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Tabidi v. Prospect Airport Servs. Inc, No. 3:24-cv-03191 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 19, 2024).
    II Rule 21 provides that “[t]he court may . . . sever any claim against a party.” Under this rule, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reich…
Show 34 more citing cases
  • Salih v. Prospect Airport Servs. Inc, No. 3:24-cv-01353 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 19, 2024).
    II Rule 21 provides that “[t]he court may . . . sever any claim against a party.” Under this rule, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reich…
  • Abunasser v. Prospect Airport Servs. Inc, No. 3:24-cv-03192 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 19, 2024).
    II Rule 21 provides that “[t]he court may . . . sever any claim against a party.” Under this rule, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reich…
  • Wagner v. Harris Cnty., Texas, No. 4:23-cv-02886 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 15, 2024). 2 cites
    “Generally, permissive joinder . . . is at the option of the plaintiffs, assuming they meet the requirements set forth in Rule 20.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • United States v. Tandem Roofing, LLC, No. 2:23-cv-02293 (E.D. La. Nov. 15, 2023).
    Id. (citing Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995)). consented.”77 Section 1404(a) is “a codification of the doctrine of forum non conveniens for the subset of cases in which the transferee forum is within th…
  • (PC) Mundy v. Sacramento Cnty. Jail Med. Staff, No. 1:22-cv-00401 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 11, 2023).
    A severance may 17 be justified by various considerations, including avoiding undue delay or prejudice to the 18 parties, see Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995), whether 19 there are significantly differ…
  • (PC) Mundy v. Cavello, No. 2:23-cv-00061 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 11, 2023).
    A severance may 17 be justified by various considerations, including avoiding undue delay or prejudice to the 18 parties, see Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995), whether 19 there are significantly differ…
  • (PC) Mundy v. City & Cnty. of Sacramento, No. 2:23-cv-00059 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 11, 2023).
    A severance may 17 be justified by various considerations, including avoiding undue delay or prejudice to the 18 parties, see Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995), whether 19 there are significantly differ…
  • Britt v. Mississippi Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co., No. 1:18-cv-00038 (N.D. Miss. Mar. 1, 2022).
    Additionally, “the district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (Sth Cir, 1995), “Since Rule 21 does not provide any…
  • Aucoin v. Madison Corr. Ctr., No. 3:21-cv-03686 (W.D. La. Jan. 24, 2022).
    District courts have “discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).2 Here, Plaintiff asserts claims against defenda…
  • Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind of Texas Inc v. City of Arlington Texas, No. 3:21-cv-02028 (N.D. Tex. Jan. 10, 2022).
    “Generally, as long as both prongs of the test are met, ‘permissive joinder of plaintiffs . . . is at the option of the plaintiffs.’” Acevedo v. Allsup’s Convenience Stores, Inc., 600 F.3d 516, 521 (5th Cir. 2010) (quoting Applewhite v. Re…
  • Williams v. The City of Jackson, No. 3:20-cv-00785, 2021 WL 4485865 (S.D. Miss. Sept. 29, 2021).
    “Under Rules 20 and 21, the district court has wide discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Hotard v. Avondale Indus., Inc., No. 2:20-cv-01877 (E.D. La. July 15, 2021).
    Id. (citing Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995)). 54 Fed.
  • Gooding v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-01133, 2021 WL 2002463 (E.D. La. May 19, 2021).
    Id. (citing Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995)). 49 Fed.
  • Chandavong v. Fresno Deputy Sheriff's Ass'n, No. 1:21-cv-00675 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 23, 2021).
    A severance may be justified by various considerations, 19 including avoiding undue delay or prejudice to the parties, see Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 20 Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995), whether there are significantly different…
  • Campos v. Fresno Deputy Sheriff's Ass'n, Cnty. of Fresno, No. 1:18-cv-01660 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2021).
    A severance may be justified by various considerations, 19 including avoiding undue delay or prejudice to the parties, see Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 20 Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995), whether there are significantly different…
  • Locke v. Thomas, No. 4:20-cv-00363 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 11, 2020).
    In re Rolls Royce Corp., 775 F.3d 671, 680 (5th Cir. 2014), cert. denied, 136 S. Ct. 45 (2015); Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995); Brunet v. United Gas Pipeline Co., 15 F.3d 500, 505 (5th Cir. 1994).
  • Sanchez v. Schlumberger Tech. Corp., No. 2:17-cv-00102 (S.D. Tex. Sept. 7, 2020).
    Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Sanchez v. Schlumberger Tech. Corp., No. 2:17-cv-00102 (S.D. Tex. July 6, 2020).
    Additionally, “the district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • The Est. of I.C.D. v. Beaumont ISD, No. 1:18-cv-00137 (E.D. Tex. Mar. 3, 2020).
    In re Rolls Royce Corp., 775 F.3d 671, 680 (5th Cir. 2014), cert. denied, 136 S. Ct. 45 (2015); Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995); Brunet v. United Gas Pipeline Co., 15 F.3d 500, 505 (5th Cir. 1994).
  • Alam v. BMW of North Am., LLC, No. 1:19-cv-00022 (W.D. Tex. Nov. 7, 2019).
    If both prongs are met, “permissive joinder of plaintiffs . . . is at the option of the plaintiffs.” Id. (quoting Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995)).
  • Horne v. Texas Dep't of Transp., No. 4:19-cv-00405 (E.D. Tex. Oct. 28, 2019).
    Under Rule 21, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Fritz John Hoeflein, III v. Crescent Drilling & Prod., Inc., No. 5:19-cv-01194-FB-ESC (W.D. Tex. Oct. 4, 2019).
    Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21 grants this Court discretion to sever any claim against a party if a claim “is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Offshore Rental Ltd v. Louisiana Scrap Int'l Inc, No. 6:16-cv-01090 (W.D. La. Oct. 4, 2019).
    Under Rule 21, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Cummings v. Americredit Fin. Servs., Inc., No. 2:19-cv-01377 (E.D. La. Sept. 20, 2019).
    Oct. 21, 2008). 22 Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995). 23 See Adams v. Big Lots Stores, Inc., No. 08-4326, 2009 WL 2160430 , at *2 (E.D.
  • Stanford v. Liberty Mut. Grp. Inc., No. 4:18-cv-00096 (N.D. Miss. Sept. 16, 2019).
    A district court may exercise this discretion if an action “is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Davis v. Courtyard Mgmt. Corp., No. 2:19-cv-01507 (E.D. La. Aug. 30, 2019).
    Under Rule 21, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Bocage v. M-I, L.L.C., No. 2:17-cv-06124 (E.D. La. Aug. 8, 2019).
    Oct. 21, 2008). 22 Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995). 23 See Adams v. Big Lots Stores, Inc., No. 08-4326, 2009 WL 2160430 , at *2 (E.D.
  • Stevens v. Johnson, No. 3:19-cv-00452 (W.D. La. June 24, 2019).
    District courts have “discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).1 Here, in each pleading, Plaintiff asserts clai…
  • Texas Farmers Ins. Co. v. Louisiana-Pac. Corp., 321 F.R.D. 561 (E.D. Tex. 2017).published
    Under Rule 21, a “district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice.” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995).
  • Hispanic Affairs Proj. v. Perez, No. 2015-1562 (D.D.C. Sept. 9, 2016).published
    (holding that Rule 21 gives the court “discretion to sever an action if it . . . might otherwise cause delay or prejudice)
  • Barragan v. Gen. Motors LLC, 112 F. Supp. 3d 544 (W.D. Tex. 2015).published
    “Generally, a permissive joinder of plaintiffs under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 is at the option of the plaintiffs .... ” Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir.1995).
  • In Re: Rolls Royce Corp., 775 F.3d 671 (5th Cir. 2014).published 2 cites
    In Liaw Su Teng v. Skaarup Shipping Corporation, 41 addressing the situation where a court could transfer 39 See Applewhite v. Reichold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir. 1995); Burnet v. United Gas Pipeline Co., 15 F.3d 500, 505 (5t…
  • Alhassid v. Bank of Am., N.A., 60 F. Supp. 3d 1302 (S.D. Fla. 2014).published
    June 11, 2013) (citing Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir.1995)).
  • E. Cornell Malone Corp. v. Sisters of the Holy Fam., 922 F. Supp. 2d 550 (E.D. La. 2013).published
    Id. (citing Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 67 F.3d 571, 574 (5th Cir.1995)). .
At page 573 Analyzing requirements for class action certification under rule 2330 citing casesholding that the class must have two issues in common3 citing courts put it this way · 6 listed here · 3 cautionary
  • Rivera v. Wyeth-Ayerst Labs., 197 F.R.D. 584 (S.D. Tex. 2000).published Cited "but see" · 2 cites
    (holding that the class must have two issues in common)
  • Kelley v. Galveston Autoplex, 196 F.R.D. 471 (S.D. Tex. 2000).published Cited "but see" · 2 cites
    (holding that the class must have two issues in common)
  • Zachery v. Texaco Expl. & Prod., Inc., 185 F.R.D. 230 (W.D. Tex. 1999).published Cited "but see" · 2 cites
    (class certification requires at least two issues in common.)
  • Cruz v. Resolute Capital Partners LTD LLC, No. 3:22-cv-02349 (N.D. Tex. Apr. 20, 2023).
    Co. v. Falcon, 457 U.S. 147, 161 , 102 S.Ct. 2364, 2372 , 72 L.Ed.2d 740 (1982); Applewhite v. Reichhold Chems., 67 F.3d 571, 573 (5th Cir.1995).
  • David Bailey v. Bryan Collier, 868 F.3d 354 (5th Cir. 2017).published
    However, a later decision of ours —Applewhite v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 67 F.3d 571 (5th Cir. 1995)—held that "class certification requires at least two issues in common.” Id. at 573 (emphasis added).
  • Quinton Brown v. Nucor Corp., 785 F.3d 895 (4th Cir. 2015).published 2 cites
    See, e.g., Little v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 691 F.3d 1302, 1306-08 (11th Cir.2012); Klay v. Humana, Inc., 382 F.3d 1241, 1268 (11th Cir.2004), abrogated on other grounds by Bridge v. Phoenix Bond & Indemnity Co., 553 U.S. 639 , 128 S.Ct. 2131…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Delores Abram et al
v.
Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., filed a motion for class certification under Rule 23(b)(3). After some discovery, the district court denied the
Published opinion
67 F.3d 571
1995 U.S. App. LEXIS 30971
1995 WL 606114
WISDOM, Circuit Judge.

The appellants seek review of the district court’s refusal to certify a class action lawsuit and its dismissal of the appellants’ complaint. We AFFIRM the district court’s denial of class certification but VACATE the dismissal and REMAND for reconsideration of whether dismissal is appropriate in this case.

I.

Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., the defendant/appellee, operated a chemical manufacturing plant in Columbus, Mississippi between January 1975 and March 1977. Operations at the plant closed after an explosion and fire in 1977. In 1984, the Reichhold site was designated for cleanup under the EPA Superfund after the discovery of toxic wastes at the site.

Numerous suits were filed against Reich-hold Chemicals. In 1989, in one of these cases, Levell Mark et al. v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., a class was certified under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(1)(B) for the resolution of punitive damage claims against Reichhold Chemicals. The notice of certification provided that only those litigants with a lawsuit pending against Reichhold or filed within sixty days from the date of notice[*573] seeking punitive damages and who were found entitled to compensatory damages would be eligible to share in the class’s recovery.

The plaintiff/appellants filed this suit in response to the punitive damages class notice. Dessie Lee Applewhite, along with two hundred other plaintiffs, filed this suit seeking both compensatory and punitive damages from Reichhold Chemicals for injuries allegedly caused by the defendant’s operations in Columbus. This action was originally filed in the Mark case. The case, however, was subsequently re-eaptioned Dessie Lee Applewhite et al. v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc.

In 1993, the plaintiffs, in a joint motion with plaintiffs in the case of Delores Abram et al. v. Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., filed a motion for class certification under Rule 23(b)(3). After some discovery, the district court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. The district court also dismissed the plaintiffs’ complaint without prejudice based on a March 3, 1992 order in the Mark case requiring all subsequent suits against Reichhold Chemicals regarding the Columbus site to be filed separately. On appeal, the plaintiffs challenge both of these decisions.

II.

The district court has wide discretion in deciding whether to certify a class action. [1] We review this decision for an abuse of discretion. [2] The party seeking class certification has the burden of showing that the requirements for a class action have been met. [3] There are six basic requirements for a Rule 23(b)(3) class aetion suit. First, Rule 23(a) imposes four prerequisites: numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation. In addition, Rule 23(b)(3) requires that the common factual and legal issues predominate and that the movant show that a class action is the superior method of adjudication. [4]

The district court determined that the plaintiffs had “totally failed to meet the requirements of Rule 23 for certification of the proposed class.” [5] We agree. On appeal, the plaintiffs’ brief fails to address two of the six requirements for class action certification. [6] Failure to brief and argue these issues constitutes waiver. [7] Also, in regard to the commonality requirement, the plaintiffs only assert one common issue. [8] Although the threshold for commonality is not high, class certification requires at least two issues in common. [9] Furthermore, the plaintiffs seek a Rule 23(b)(3) class action which requires that the common issues predominate. If the plaintiffs cannot identify more than one common issue, they cannot argue that the common issues predominate this litigation. Finally, the omissions in the plaintiffs’[*574] appellate brief, as well as counsel’s conduct below, counsels against a finding that the class members would be adequately represented. Since the plaintiffs have failed to demonstrate that their case meets the requirements of Rule 23, we hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied class certification.

The plaintiffs also argue that the district court erred when it dismissed their complaint without prejudice based on a blanket order that all future suits against Reich-hold Chemicals should be filed separately. [10] Generally, permissive joinder of plaintiffs under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 is at the option of the plaintiffs, assuming they meet the requirements set forth in Rule 20. [11] Under Rules 20 and 21, the district court has the discretion to sever an action if it is misjoined or might otherwise cause delay or prejudice. [12] Further, the district court also has discretion to sever claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 42(b), in furtherance of convenience or economy, or to prevent prejudice. This discretion, however, should be exercised after an examination of the individual case. Thus, we remand this case for the district court to consider whether the plaintiffs are properly joined and whether they should be allowed to continue in one action.

III.

We AFFIRM the district court’s decision not to certify a class action under Rule 23(b)(3) but VACATE the dismissal and REMAND for further proceedings on the issues of joinder and the advisability of severance.

1

. Jenkins v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 782 F.2d 468, 471-72 (5th Cir.1986).

3

. Zeidman v. J. Ray McDermott & Company, Inc., 651 F.2d 1030, 1038 (5th Cir.1981).

4

. See, Jenkins, 782 F.2d at 472-73.

5

. The district court's memorandum opinion denying class certification and dismissing the plaintiffs' complaint, Record, volume 2 at 272.

6

. The plaintiffs’ brief fails to address the requirements of Rule 23(b)(3) that the common issues predominate over those issues affecting individual litigants and that the movant show that a class action is the superior method of adjudication.

7

.Gann v. Fruehauf Corporation, 52 F.3d 1320, 1328 (5th Cir.1995) (deeming a claim abandoned on appeal because the appellant did not "ad-vanee arguments in the body of his brief in support of his appeal of his ... claims"); Cavallini v. State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Company, 44 F.3d 256, 260 n. 9 (5th Cir.1995) (noting that "the failure to provide any legal or factual analysis of an issue results in waiver of that issue”); United States v. Maldonado, 42 F.3d 906, 910 n. 7 (5th Cir.1995) (refusing to consider an issue because it was not discussed in the appellant’s brief).

8

. In their brief, the plaintiffs argue that the common issue is the defendant's gross negligence. The plaintiffs close their section on commonality by stating that "the parties to this litigation have one or more issues of law or fact common to them all”. The plaintiffs choose not to identify what these additional common issues are, if any. We will not attempt to identify those issues on behalf of the plaintiffs.

9

. Stewart v. Winter, 669 F.2d 328, 335 n. 16 (5th Cir.1982) (noting that "by its terms, Rule 23(a)(2) requires more than one common question").

10

. The plaintiffs also maintain that the district court’s dismissal violates their rights to due process and equal protection of the laws as well as the doctrine of separation of powers. The plaintiffs cite no authority in support of these arguments. In the light of the plaintiffs failure to adequately brief these issues and our decision to vacate the dismissal and remand, we do not address the plaintiffs constitutional arguments.

11

. Field v. Volkswagenwerk AG, 626 F.2d 293, 299 (3rd Cir.1980). Rule 20 requires that all of the plaintiffs' claims arise out of the same transaction or occurrence and that there is a common issue of fact or law. See, Demboski v. CSX Transportation, Inc., 157 F.R.D. 28, 29-30 (S.D.Miss.1994).

12

. Mosley v. General Motors Corporation, 497 F.2d 1330, 1332-33 (8th Cir.1974); see also, Demboski, 157 F.R.D. at 29; Hanley v. First Investors Corporation, 151 F.R.D. 76, 77-80 (E.D.Tex.1993).