articulation requirement in Michigan

38 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1968–2026 17 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

Case	Followed	Cited
People v. Nunezgreen michctapp · 2000 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 2 sentences 2017See also People v Nunez, 242 Mich App 610, 618 ; 619 NW2d 550 (2000). 2017See also People v Nunez, 242 Mich App 610, 618 ; 619 NW2d 550 (2000).	2	2
People v. Conleygreen michctapp · 2006 · cited in 11 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2009–2026 2 sentences 2026“The articulation requirement is satisfied if the trial court expressly relies on the sentencing guidelines in imposing the sentence or if it is clear from the context of the remarks preceding the sentence that the trial court relied on the sentencing guidelines.” People v Conley, 270 Mich App 301, 313 ; 715 NW2d 377 (2006). 2026“The articulation requirement is satisfied if the trial court expressly relies on the sentencing guidelines in imposing the sentence or if it is clear from the context of the remarks preceding the sentence that the trial court relied on the sentencing guidelines.” People v Conley, 270 Mich App 301, 313 ; 715 NW2d 377 (2006).	1	11
Hazle v. Ford Motor Co.green mich · 2001 · cited in 7 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2017–2026 2 sentences 2026“The articulation requirement means that the defendant has the burden of producing evidence that its employment actions were taken for a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason.” Id. 2025“The articulation requirement means that the defendant has the burden of producing evidence that its employment actions were taken for a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason.” Id.	1	7
Fisher v. Detroit Free Press, Incgreen michctapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016See Fisher v Detroit Free Press, Inc, 158 Mich App 409, 418 ; 404 NW2d 765 (1987), BJ’s & Sons Constr Co, Inc v Van Sickle, 266 Mich App 400, 413 ; 700 NW2d 432 (2005); for another example of the articulation of this rule, see Briarwood v. Faber's Fabrics, Inc, 163 Mich App 784 ; 415 NW2d 310 (1987). 2016See Fisher v Detroit Free Press, Inc, 158 Mich App 409, 418 ; 404 NW2d 765 (1987), BJ’s & Sons Constr Co, Inc v Van Sickle, 266 Mich App 400, 413 ; 700 NW2d 432 (2005); for another example of the articulation of this rule, see Briarwood v. Faber's Fabrics, Inc, 163 Mich App 784 ; 415 NW2d 310 (1987).	1	1
People v. Wolfegreen mich · 1992 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	1
People v. Crawfordgreen mich · 1998 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003Therefore, the trial court did not consciously exercise its discretion, leaving us to apply the plain-error doctrine embodied in MRE 103(d) and explained in Carines, supra . [53] See Carines, supra at 763-764 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [54] See Bahoda, supra at 289 , 531 N.W.2d 659 , quoting People v. Golochowicz, 413 Mich. 298, 322 , 319 N.W.2d 518 (1982). [55] Carines, supra at 763 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [56] See VanderVliet, supra at 55 , 508 N.W.2d 114 (first prong requires proper purpose, second prong requires logical relevance, third prong entails prejudice analysis). [57] See Crawford, supra at 386 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	1
People v. VanderVlietgreen mich · 1993 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003Therefore, the trial court did not consciously exercise its discretion, leaving us to apply the plain-error doctrine embodied in MRE 103(d) and explained in Carines, supra . [53] See Carines, supra at 763-764 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [54] See Bahoda, supra at 289 , 531 N.W.2d 659 , quoting People v. Golochowicz, 413 Mich. 298, 322 , 319 N.W.2d 518 (1982). [55] Carines, supra at 763 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [56] See VanderVliet, supra at 55 , 508 N.W.2d 114 (first prong requires proper purpose, second prong requires logical relevance, third prong entails prejudice analysis). [57] See Crawford, supra at 386 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	1
People v. Starrgreen mich · 1998 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003	1	1
People v. Hinegreen mich · 2002 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	1
People v. Sabingreen mich · 2000 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	1
People v. Wolfegreen mich · 1992 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 1 sentence 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	1
Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdinegreen scotus · 1981 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicksgreen scotus · 1993 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
People v. Girardingreen michctapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000	1	1
People v. Davisgreen michctapp · 1989 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (39)

Case	Cited	Years
People v. Lockridge green mich · 2015 2 sentences 2022People v Lockridge, 498 Mich 358, 392 ; 870 NW2d 502 (2015). 2022People v Lockridge, 498 Mich 358, 392 ; 870 NW2d 502 (2015).	6	2022–2022
People v. Coles green mich · 1983 2 sentences 1992Despite defendant’s argument to the contrary, a trial court’s express reliance on the sentencing guidelines in imposing sentence continues to satisfy the articulation requirement of People v Coles, 417 Mich 523, 549 ; 339 NW2d 440 (1983). 1992Despite defendant’s argument to the contrary, a trial court’s express reliance on the sentencing guidelines in imposing sentence continues to satisfy the articulation requirement of People v Coles, 417 Mich 523, 549 ; 339 NW2d 440 (1983).	3	1986–1992
People v. Fleming green mich · 1987 2 sentences 1995Fleming, supra, p 428 . 1995Fleming, supra, *555 p 428.	2	1990–1995
Meagher v. Wayne State University green michctapp · 1997 2 sentences 2022The articulation requirement means that the defendant has the burden of producing evidence that its employment actions were taken for a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason. [Id. (citations and footnote omitted).] “If the defendant meets this burden of production, the third prong of the presumptive test requires that the plaintiff prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the legitimate reason offered by the defendant was a mere pretext.” Meagher v Wayne State Univ, 222 Mich App 700, 711 ; 565 NW2d 401 (1997). 2022The articulation requirement means that the defendant has the burden of producing evidence that its employment actions were taken for a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason. [Id. (citations and footnote omitted).] “If the defendant meets this burden of production, the third prong of the presumptive test requires that the plaintiff prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the legitimate reason offered by the defendant was a mere pretext.” Meagher v Wayne State Univ, 222 Mich App 700, 711 ; 565 NW2d 401 (1997).	1	2022–2022
People v. Norfleet green michctapp · 2016 1 sentence 2022Norfleet, 317 Mich App at 664-665 .	1	2022–2022
Briarwood v. Faber’s Fabrics, Inc green michctapp · 1987 2 sentences 2016See Fisher v Detroit Free Press, Inc, 158 Mich App 409, 418 ; 404 NW2d 765 (1987), BJ’s & Sons Constr Co, Inc v Van Sickle, 266 Mich App 400, 413 ; 700 NW2d 432 (2005); for another example of the articulation of this rule, see Briarwood v. Faber's Fabrics, Inc, 163 Mich App 784 ; 415 NW2d 310 (1987). 2016See Fisher v Detroit Free Press, Inc, 158 Mich App 409, 418 ; 404 NW2d 765 (1987), BJ’s & Sons Constr Co, Inc v Van Sickle, 266 Mich App 400, 413 ; 700 NW2d 432 (2005); for another example of the articulation of this rule, see Briarwood v. Faber's Fabrics, Inc, 163 Mich App 784 ; 415 NW2d 310 (1987).	1	2016–2016
BJ'S & SONS CONST. CO., INC. v. Van Sickle green michctapp · 2005 2 sentences 2016See Fisher v Detroit Free Press, Inc, 158 Mich App 409, 418 ; 404 NW2d 765 (1987), BJ’s & Sons Constr Co, Inc v Van Sickle, 266 Mich App 400, 413 ; 700 NW2d 432 (2005); for another example of the articulation of this rule, see Briarwood v. Faber's Fabrics, Inc, 163 Mich App 784 ; 415 NW2d 310 (1987). 2016See Fisher v Detroit Free Press, Inc, 158 Mich App 409, 418 ; 404 NW2d 765 (1987), BJ’s & Sons Constr Co, Inc v Van Sickle, 266 Mich App 400, 413 ; 700 NW2d 432 (2005); for another example of the articulation of this rule, see Briarwood v. Faber's Fabrics, Inc, 163 Mich App 784 ; 415 NW2d 310 (1987).	1	2016–2016
People v. Bahoda green mich · 1995	1	2003–2003
People v. Duke green michctapp · 1984	1	2003–2003
People v. Petrella green mich · 1986	1	2003–2003
Estelle v. McGuire green scotus · 1991 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Aldrich green michctapp · 2001 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Pickens green mich · 1994	1	2003–2003
People v. Jones green michctapp · 1995 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Lukity green mich · 1999	1	2003–2003
People v. Kelly green michctapp · 1998 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Miller green michctapp · 2000 1 sentence 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Keskinen green michctapp · 1989	1	2003–2003
People v. Golochowicz green mich · 1982 2 sentences 2003Therefore, the trial court did not consciously exercise its discretion, leaving us to apply the plain-error doctrine embodied in MRE 103(d) and explained in Carines, supra . [53] See Carines, supra at 763-764 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [54] See Bahoda, supra at 289 , 531 N.W.2d 659 , quoting People v. Golochowicz, 413 Mich. 298, 322 , 319 N.W.2d 518 (1982). [55] Carines, supra at 763 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [56] See VanderVliet, supra at 55 , 508 N.W.2d 114 (first prong requires proper purpose, second prong requires logical relevance, third prong entails prejudice analysis). [57] See Crawford, supra at 386 2003Therefore, the trial court did not consciously exercise its discretion, leaving us to apply the plain-error doctrine embodied in MRE 103(d) and explained in Carines, supra . [53] See Carines, supra at 763-764 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [54] See Bahoda, supra at 289 , 531 N.W.2d 659 , quoting People v. Golochowicz, 413 Mich. 298, 322 , 319 N.W.2d 518 (1982). [55] Carines, supra at 763 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [56] See VanderVliet, supra at 55 , 508 N.W.2d 114 (first prong requires proper purpose, second prong requires logical relevance, third prong entails prejudice analysis). [57] See Crawford, supra at 386	1	2003–2003
People v. Magyar green michctapp · 2002 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Rice green michctapp · 1999 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Carines green mich · 1999 2 sentences 2003Therefore, the trial court did not consciously exercise its discretion, leaving us to apply the plain-error doctrine embodied in MRE 103(d) and explained in Carines, supra . [53] See Carines, supra at 763-764 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [54] See Bahoda, supra at 289 , 531 N.W.2d 659 , quoting People v. Golochowicz, 413 Mich. 298, 322 , 319 N.W.2d 518 (1982). [55] Carines, supra at 763 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [56] See VanderVliet, supra at 55 , 508 N.W.2d 114 (first prong requires proper purpose, second prong requires logical relevance, third prong entails prejudice analysis). [57] See Crawford, supra at 386 2003Therefore, the trial court did not consciously exercise its discretion, leaving us to apply the plain-error doctrine embodied in MRE 103(d) and explained in Carines, supra . [53] See Carines, supra at 763-764 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [54] See Bahoda, supra at 289 , 531 N.W.2d 659 , quoting People v. Golochowicz, 413 Mich. 298, 322 , 319 N.W.2d 518 (1982). [55] Carines, supra at 763 , 597 N.W.2d 130 . [56] See VanderVliet, supra at 55 , 508 N.W.2d 114 (first prong requires proper purpose, second prong requires logical relevance, third prong entails prejudice analysis). [57] See Crawford, supra at 386	1	2003–2003
People v. Mateo green mich · 1996 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Ullah green michctapp · 1996 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Miller green michctapp · 1999 1 sentence 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
People v. Mills green mich · 1995 2 sentences 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s 2003See VanderVliet, supra at 67 , 508 N.W.2d 114 . [59] See Crawford, supra at 386 n. 6, 582 N.W.2d 785 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; Vander-Vliet, supra at 89, 508 N.W.2d 114 , as amended 445 Mich. 1205 , 520 N.W.2d 338 . [60] See Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 ; see also Sabin (After Remand), supra at 76, 614 N.W.2d 888 (Cavanagh, J., dissenting). [61] Sabin (After Remand), supra at 59 n. 6, 614 N.W.2d 888 . [62] See Crawford, supra at 387-388 , 582 N.W.2d 785 . [63] See Hine, supra at 245-246 , 650 N.W.2d 659 ; Unpublished Hine I, s	1	2003–2003
Town v. Michigan Bell Telephone Co. green mich · 1997	1	2001–2001
People v. Lawson neutral michctapp · 1992	1	2000–2000
People v. Poppa green michctapp · 1992	1	2000–2000
People v. Brown green michctapp · 1990	1	1997–1997
Boyd v. W G Wade Shows green mich · 1993	1	1995–1995
People v. Milbourn red mich · 1990	1	1992–1992
In Re Dana Jenkins green mich · 1991	1	1992–1992
People v. Dukes green michctapp · 1991	1	1992–1992
People v. Broden green mich · 1987	1	1992–1992
Hlady v. Wolverine Bolt Co. green mich · 1975	1	1988–1988
Federated Department Stores, Inc. v. Moitie green scotus · 1981	1	1988–1988
Benedict v. Ratner green scotus · 1925	1	1968–1968
Kent v. Klein green mich · 1958	1	1968–1968

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.227b (8) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.316 (7) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 37.2202 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.411a (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.479c (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 767.39 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 769.12 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 769.25 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 769.25a (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 37.2101 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 769.34 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.530 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

MI 38 (1968–2026) CA 35 (1975–2025) TX 16 (1988–2026) PA 11 (1982–2024) CT 7 (1991–2022) UT 7 (2015–2025) WI 7 (1985–2021) WA 7 (2010–2018) CO 7 (1984–2023) DE 6 (1998–2024) NY 6 (1993–2024) MD 6 (1992–2018) NJ 6 (1975–2021) MA 5 (1999–2016) DC 4 (1986–2013) AL 4 (1978–2012) NC 4 (2002–2022) WY 4 (1993–2020) GA 4 (1988–2024) TN 3 (2010–2020) LA 3 (1984–1995) MS 3 (1984–2018) ID 3 (2007–2019) OH 3 (2014–2023) AZ 3 (1999–2024) ND 2 (2001–2001) KS 2 (2014–2021) FL 2 (2000–2009) NH 2 (2011–2012) MT 2 (2006–2024) NM 2 (1990–2007) NV 2 (2015–2015) RI 2 (2008–2014)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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