request for a peremptory instruction (Mississippi) · Go Syfert
← Mississippi issues

request for a peremptory instruction in Mississippi

167 Mississippi opinions name it 2 courts 1911–2025 9 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Mississippi courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (56)

CaseFollowedCited
McClain v. Stategreen
miss · 1993 · cited in 15 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2003–2021
2 sentences

2021“The sufficiency of the evidence is challenged with a motion for a directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV).” Pace v. State, 242 So. 3d 107, 117 (¶24) (Miss. 2018) (citing McClain v. State, 11 625 So. 2d 774, 778 (Miss. 1993)).

2006A motion for a directed verdict and JNOV, as well as a request for a peremptory instruction, challenge the legal sufficiency of the evidence, "since each requires consideration of the evidence before the court when made." McClain v. State, 625 So.2d 774, 778 (Miss.1993). *208 "The standard of review for a denial of a directed verdict, peremptory instruction, and a JNOV are identical." Purnell v. State, 878 So.2d 124, 128 (¶ 14) (Miss.Ct.

1315
Jefferson v. Stategreen
miss · 2002 · cited in 13 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2001–2006
2 sentences

2004In Jefferson v. State, 818 So.2d 1099, 1110-11 (Miss.2002), this Court held that the standard of review for denials of motions for directed verdict, judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same.

2004In Jefferson v. State, 818 So.2d 1099, 1110-11 (Miss.2002), our supreme court held that the standard of review for denials of motions for a directed verdict, judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same.

1013
Butler v. Stategreen
miss · 1989 · cited in 13 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1990–2002
2 sentences

2001Our standard of review is as follows: The standard of review for peremptory instructions and directed verdicts are the same. `In passing upon a request for a peremptory instruction, all evidence introduced by the State is to be accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that can be drawn from that evidence, and if sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilt exists, the motion for a directed verdict is to be overruled.' Brown v. State, 556 So.2d 338, 340 (Miss.1990)(citing Butler v. State, 544 So.2d 816 (Miss.1989)). `Furthermore, when the trial court has erred in refusing

1998"In passing upon a request for a peremptory instruction, all evidence introduced by the State is to be accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that can be drawn from that evidence, and if sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilty exists, the motion for a directed verdict is to be overruled." Brown v. State, 556 So.2d 338, 340 (Miss.1990) (citing Butler v. State, 544 So.2d 816 (Miss. 1989)).

913
Wetz v. Stategreen
miss · 1987 · cited in 12 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1990–2018
2 sentences

2018Wetz v. State, 503 So. 2d 803, 807-08 (Miss. 1987) 19 (distinguished on other grounds by Bush v. State, 895 So. 3d 836 (Miss. 2005)).

2018Wetz v. State , 503 So.2d 803 , 807-08 (Miss. 1987) (distinguished on other grounds by Bush v. State , 895 So.2d 836 (Miss. 2005) ).

812
Damion LaFredrick Pace v. State of Mississippigreen
miss · 2018 · cited in 9 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2018–2024
2 sentences

2024“The sufficiency of the evidence is challenged with a motion for a directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for judgment notwithstanding the 16 verdict (JNOV).” Pace v. State, 242 So. 3d 107, 117 (¶24) (Miss. 2018). ¶40.

2021“The sufficiency of the evidence is challenged with a motion for a directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV).” Pace v. State, 242 So. 3d 107, 117 (¶24) (Miss. 2018) (citing McClain v. State, 11 625 So. 2d 774, 778 (Miss. 1993)).

89
Ellis v. Stategreen
miss · 2000 · cited in 7 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1991–2003
2 sentences

2003Dickey v. State, 819 So.2d 1253, 1256 (¶ 9) (Miss.2002) (citing Ellis v. State, 778 So.2d 114, 117 (¶ 7) (Miss.2000)).

2002Ellis v. State, 778 So.2d 114, 117 (Miss.2000).

77
Strong v. Stategreen
miss · 1992 · cited in 5 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1994–1999
2 sentences

1999See also Strong v. State, 600 So.2d 199, 201 (Miss.1992) (stating that the trial judge is bound by the same law whether addressing a motion for directed verdict or addressing a request for a peremptory instruction).

1998See also Strong v. State, 600 So.2d 199, 201 (Miss.1992) (stating that the trial judge is bound by the same law whether addressing a motion for directed verdict or addressing a request for a peremptory instruction).

55
Holland v. Stategreen
miss · 1995 · cited in 10 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2016–2024
2 sentences

2024Our supreme court has held that “[i]n the absence of a renewal of the directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, [a defendant] has waived the sufficiency error on appeal.” Holland v. State, 656 So. 2d 1192, 1197 (Miss. 1995).

2022“In the absence of a renewal of the directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, [Eubanks] has waived the sufficiency error on appeal.” Holland v. State, 656 So. 2d 1192, 1197 (Miss. 1995) (citing Griffin v. State, 495 So. 2d 1352, 1353 (Miss. 1986)). ¶41.

410
Myles v. Stategreen
missctapp · 2000 · cited in 4 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2020–2022
2 sentences

2022“A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence ‘can be raised in a motion for directed verdict made at the end of the case for the prosecution, a request for a peremptory instruction at the end of all of the evidence or the motion for a directed verdict at that point, or finally, a motion for judgment of acquittal notwithstanding the verdict.’” Id. (quoting Myles, 774 So. 2d at 491 (¶15)).

2022“A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence ‘can be raised in a motion for directed verdict made at the end of the case for the prosecution, a request for a peremptory instruction at the end of all of the evidence or the motion for a directed verdict at that point, or finally, a motion for judgment of acquittal notwithstanding the verdict.’” Id. (quoting Myles, 774 So. 2d at 491 (¶15)).

44
Easter v. Stategreen
miss · 2004 · cited in 4 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2005–2011
2 sentences

2011Easter v. State, 878 So.2d 10, 21 (¶ 36) (Miss.2004).

2009Hoye’s only argument with respect to this issue is that the indictment stated that he sold and delivered a Schedule II controlled substance to a MBN confidential informant number 96-2006, and at trial, the prosecution did not prove that Lewis was confidential informant number 96-2006. ¶ 15. “[T]he standard of review for denials of motions for [a] directed verdict ... and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same.” Easter v. State, 878 So.2d 10, 21 (¶ 36) (Miss.2004) (citations omitted).

44
Shelton v. Stategreen
miss · 2003 · cited in 4 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2000–2004
2 sentences

2004We will disturb a jury verdict on appeal only if it "is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable injustice." Id. (quoting Herrington v. Spell, 692 So.2d 93, 103-04 (Miss.1997)). ¶ 10. "[T]he standard of review for denials of motions for directed verdict, *379 judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same." Shelton v. State, 853 So.2d 1171, 1186 (Miss.2003).

2000We will disturb a jury verdict on appeal only if it “is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable injustice.” Id. (quoting Herrington v. Spell, 692 So.2d 93, 103-04 (Miss. 1997)). ¶10. “[T]he standard of review for denials of motions for directed verdict, judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same.” Shelton v. State, 853 So.2d 1171, 1186 (Miss. 2003).

44
Brown v. Stategreen
miss · 1990 · cited in 4 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1996–2001
2 sentences

2001Our standard of review is as follows: The standard of review for peremptory instructions and directed verdicts are the same. `In passing upon a request for a peremptory instruction, all evidence introduced by the State is to be accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that can be drawn from that evidence, and if sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilt exists, the motion for a directed verdict is to be overruled.' Brown v. State, 556 So.2d 338, 340 (Miss.1990)(citing Butler v. State, 544 So.2d 816 (Miss.1989)). `Furthermore, when the trial court has erred in refusing

2001Our standard of review is as follows: The standard of review for peremptory instructions and directed verdicts are the same. `In passing upon a request for a peremptory instruction, all evidence introduced by the State is to be accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that can be drawn from that evidence, and if sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilt exists, the motion for a directed verdict is to be overruled.' Brown v. State, 556 So.2d 338, 340 (Miss.1990)(citing Butler v. State, 544 So.2d 816 (Miss.1989)). `Furthermore, when the trial court has erred in refusing

44
Griffin v. Stategreen
miss · 1986 · cited in 3 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1995–2022
2 sentences

2022“In the absence of a renewal of the directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, [Eubanks] has waived the sufficiency error on appeal.” Holland v. State, 656 So. 2d 1192, 1197 (Miss. 1995) (citing Griffin v. State, 495 So. 2d 1352, 1353 (Miss. 1986)). ¶41.

2020State Highway Comm’n v. Gresham, 331 So. 2d 925, 926 (Miss. 1976) (“[T]his Court has repeatedly held that an assignment of error in this Court that the verdict of the jury was excessive or that the evidence did not support the jury’s finding will not be considered by this Court where no timely motion for a new trial was made in the trial court.”).4 “In the absence of a renewal of the directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, [Washington] has waived the sufficiency error on appeal.” Holland, 656 So. 2d at 1197 (citing Griff

33
Shirley Warren v. State of Mississippigreen
miss · 2016 · cited in 3 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019“On review of the sufficiency of the evidence, th[e reviewing court] considers the trial court’s ruling at the last time the sufficiency of the evidence was challenged.” Warren v. State, 187 So. 3d 616, 627 (¶29) (Miss. 2016). “[T]he relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at (¶30).

2019“The sufficiency of the evidence is challenged with a motion for a directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction, or a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV).” Pace v. State, 242 So. 3d 107, 117 (¶24) (Miss. 2018). “[T]he relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Warren v. State, 187 So. 3d 616, 627 (¶30) (Miss. 2016).

33
Wall v. Stategreen
miss · 1998 · cited in 5 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2001–2014
2 sentences

2001"In passing upon a request for a peremptory instruction, all evidence introduced by the State is to be accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that can be drawn from that evidence, and if sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilty exists, the motion for a directed verdict is to be overruled." Wall v. State, 718 So.2d 1107 (¶ 15) (Miss. 1998) (citations omitted). ¶ 6.

2001“In passing upon a request for a peremptory instruction, all evidence introduced by the State is to be accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that can be drawn from that evidence, and if sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilty exists, the motion for a directed verdict is to be denied.” Wall v. State, 718 So.2d 1107 (¶ 15) (Miss.1998) (citations omitted).

25
Weems v. American SEC. Ins. Co.green
miss · 1984 · cited in 3 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1992–1994
2 sentences

1994Co., 450 So.2d 431, 435 (Miss. 1984): The request for a peremptory instruction or the subsequent motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict tests the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting the verdict.

1993Co., 450 So.2d 431 (Miss. 1984) by stating: The request for a peremptory instruction or the subsequent motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict tests the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting the verdict.

23
Roger Dale Latham v. Terry W. Johnsongreen
missctapp · 2018 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2019–2025
2 sentences

2025“A motion for a directed verdict made at the end of the plaintiff’s case-in-chief, a renewed motion for a directed verdict at the end of all evidence, a request for a peremptory instruction, and a motion for a [judgment notwithstanding the verdict] are all procedural vehicles for challenging the sufficiency of the evidence.” Latham v. Johnson, 262 So. 3d 569, 581 (¶69) (Miss.

2019“A motion for a directed verdict made at the end of the plaintiff’s case-in-chief, a renewed motion for a directed verdict at the end of all evidence, a request for a peremptory instruction, and a motion for a JNOV are all procedural vehicles for challenging the sufficiency of the evidence.” Latham v. Johnson, 262 So. 3d 569, 581 (¶69) (Miss.

22
Higgins v. Stategreen
miss · 1998 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2013–2015
2 sentences

2015Higgins v. State, 725 So.2d 220, 224 (¶ 22) (Miss.1998).

2015Higgins v. State, 725 So. 2d 220, 224 (¶22) (Miss. 1998).

22
Purnell v. Stategreen
missctapp · 2004 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2005–2006
2 sentences

2006A motion for a directed verdict and JNOV, as well as a request for a peremptory instruction, challenge the legal sufficiency of the evidence, "since each requires consideration of the evidence before the court when made." McClain v. State, 625 So.2d 774, 778 (Miss.1993). *208 "The standard of review for a denial of a directed verdict, peremptory instruction, and a JNOV are identical." Purnell v. State, 878 So.2d 124, 128 (¶ 14) (Miss.Ct.

2005A motion for a directed verdict and JNOV, as well as a request for a peremptory instruction, challenge the legal sufficiency of the evidence, "since each requires consideration of the evidence before the court when made." Purnell v. State, 878 So.2d 124, 129 (Miss.Ct.App.2004) (citing McClain v. State, 625 So.2d 774, 778 (Miss.1993)).

22
Hawthorne v. Stategreen
miss · 2003 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2005–2006
2 sentences

2006App.2004) (quoting Hawthorne v. State, 835 So.2d 14, 21 (¶ 31) (Miss.2003)).

2005"The standard of review for a denial of a directed verdict, peremptory instruction, and a JNOV are identical." Purnell, 878 So.2d at 128 (quoting Hawthorne v. State, 835 So.2d 14, 21 (¶ 31) (Miss.2003)).

22
Herrington v. Spellgreen
miss · 1997 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2000–2004
2 sentences

2004We will disturb a jury verdict on appeal only if it "is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable injustice." Id. (quoting Herrington v. Spell, 692 So.2d 93, 103-04 (Miss.1997)). ¶ 10. "[T]he standard of review for denials of motions for directed verdict, *379 judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same." Shelton v. State, 853 So.2d 1171, 1186 (Miss.2003).

2000We will disturb a jury verdict on appeal only if it “is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable injustice.” Id. (quoting Herrington v. Spell, 692 So.2d 93, 103-04 (Miss. 1997)). ¶10. “[T]he standard of review for denials of motions for directed verdict, judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction is the same.” Shelton v. State, 853 So.2d 1171, 1186 (Miss. 2003).

22
Harris v. Stategreen
miss · 1982 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1995–2004
22
Peden v. Stategreen
miss · 1983 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1995–2004
22
Sisk v. Stategreen
miss · 1974 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1996–1998
22
Erby v. North Mississippi Medical Centergreen
miss · 1995 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1993–1996
22
Neal v. Stategreen
miss · 1984 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1985–1987
22
May v. Stategreen
miss · 1984 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1985–1987
22
Astleford v. Milner Enterprises, Inc.green
miss · 1970 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1984–1987
22
Claiborne v. Greergreen
miss · 1978 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1984–1987
22
Brown v. Credit Center, Inc.green
miss · 1983 · cited in 4 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1986–2007
2 sentences

2007"The argument that there exists no genuine triable issue of material fact is the functional equivalent of a request for a peremptory instruction." Id. at 362 .

2005“The argument that there exists no genuine triable issue of material fact is the functional equivalent of a request for a peremptory instruction.” Id. at 362 .

14
Dickey v. Stategreen
miss · 2002 · cited in 3 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2002–2005
2 sentences

2005Dickey v. State, 819 So.2d 1253 (¶ 8) (Miss.2002).

2003Dickey v. State, 819 So.2d 1253, 1256 (¶ 9) (Miss.2002) (citing Ellis v. State, 778 So.2d 114, 117 (¶ 7) (Miss.2000)).

13
Bush v. Statered
miss · 2005 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2006–2018
2 sentences

2018Wetz v. State , 503 So.2d 803 , 807-08 (Miss. 1987) (distinguished on other grounds by Bush v. State , 895 So.2d 836 (Miss. 2005) ).

2006In considering whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction in the face of a motion for directed verdict or for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the critical inquiry is whether the evidence shows "beyond a reasonable doubt that accused committed the act charged, and that he did so under such circumstances that every element of the offense existed; and where the evidence fails to meet this test it is insufficient to support a conviction." Bush v. State, 895 So.2d 836, 843 (¶ 16) (Miss.2005) (citing Carr v. State, 208 So.2d 886, 889 (Miss.1968)).

12
Jerninghan v. Stategreen
missctapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2007–2015
2 sentences

2015See Jerninghan v. State, 910 So.2d 748, 751 (¶ 6) (Miss.Ct.App.2005).

2007Jerninghan v. State, 910 So.2d 748 (¶ 6) (Miss.Ct.App.2005).

12
Coleman v. Stategreen
miss · 1997 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2000–2005
2 sentences

2005A "motion for a J.N.O.V., a motion for a directed verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction challenge the legal sufficiency of the evidence." Id. (citing McClain v. State, 625 So.2d 774, 778 (Miss. 1993)).

2000Coleman v. State, 697 So. 2d 777, 787 (Miss. 1997).

12
Stevens v. Stategreen
miss · 2002 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2000–2002
12
Griffin v. Stategreen
miss · 1985 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1987–1988
12
Taggart v. Stategreen
miss · 2007 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
Mississippi State Highway Commission v. Greshamgreen
miss · 1976 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
11
Casey Sheldon Woods v. State of Mississippigreen
miss · 2018 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
11
Edwards v. Stategreen
miss · 1985 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Mississippi. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (24)

CaseCitedYears
Paymaster Oil Mill Company v. Mitchell green
miss · 1975
2 sentences

1986Notions emanating from Paymaster Oil Co. v. Mitchell, 319 So.2d 652 (Miss. 1975), and many other similar cases — whether arising in the context of a motion for a directed verdict, a request for a peremptory instruction or a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict — have no application here. ... .

1986A motion for a directed verdict encompasses testimony of the plaintiff and its favorable inferences, whereas, the evidence considered on a request for a peremptory instruction or a judgment NOV embraces the testimony in behalf of the plaintiff as well as that of the defendant, there being no difference between that considered for a peremptory instruction and a judgment NOV since the latter is entertained only to correct the court's error in refusing a requested peremptory instruction. [citations omitted] Id. at 656 .

81977–1986
Warn v. State green
miss · 1977
2 sentences

1987Weeks v. State, 493 So.2d 1280 (Miss. 1986); Griffin v. State, 480 So.2d 1124 (Miss. 1985); Johnson v. State, 476 So.2d 1195 (Miss. 1985); Hammond v. State, 465 So.2d 1031 (Miss. 1985); Warn v. State, 349 So.2d 1055 (Miss. 1977).

1983Warn v. State, 349 So.2d 1055 (Miss.1977). ( 425 So.2d at 1024 ) We cannot say that the verdict of the jury was against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.

61978–1987
Wilner v. Mississippi Export R. Co. green
miss · 1989
2 sentences

2000Id. (citations omitted).

1997Id. [T]he trial court must consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, giving the plaintiff the benefit of all reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom; unless the plaintiff's evidence is so lacking that reasonable jurors could not reach a verdict for the plaintiff, the [instruction] should be [given].

31992–2000
Pittman v. Home Indem. Co. green
miss · 1982
2 sentences

1986In the recent case of Pittman v. Home Indemnity Co., 411 So.2d 87 (Miss.1982), we stated: In a motion for a directed verdict, and on a request for peremptory instruction the court considers evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, disregards any evidence on the part of the defendant in conflict with that favorable to the plaintiff, and, if the evidence and reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom would support a verdict for plaintiff, the motion for a directed verdict should be overruled and the request for a peremptory instruction should be denied.

1986Id. at 89 .

31983–1986
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Johnson green
miss · 2001
22000–2004
Young v. State green
miss · 1983
21983–1983
Palmer v. Gardner neutral
· 1955
21975–1977
Floyd v. Lusk green
miss · 1966
21975–1977
Woods v. State green
· 1939
21963–1965
Jerry Darnell v. State of Mississippi green
missctapp · 2016
12017–2017
Henley v. State green
miss · 2014
12016–2016
Verner v. State green
missctapp · 2002
12007–2007
Edwards v. State green
missctapp · 2001
12006–2006
Dudley v. State green
miss · 1998
12003–2003
Conners v. State green
missctapp · 2001
12003–2003
Maxwell v. Illinois Central Gulf RR green
miss · 1987
11989–1989
Peoples v. State green
miss · 1987
11988–1988
Buckley v. State green
miss · 1987
11988–1988
Bunkley v. State green
miss · 1986
11988–1988
Hammond v. State green
miss · 1985
11987–1987
Weeks v. State green
miss · 1986
11987–1987
Johnson v. State green
miss · 1985
11987–1987
Goodwin v. Gulf Transport Co. green
miss · 1984
11985–1985
Goldman v. State green
miss · 1981
11984–1984

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-19 (21) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-7 (16) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 99-17-1 (7) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 97-17-23 (6) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-83 (6)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

MS 167 (1911–2025) IN 8 (1926–1971) MO 3 (1914–1968) AR 3 (1917–1968) TX 2 (1937–1941) OR 2 (1975–2016) OK 2 (1916–1920) NE 2 (1925–1963) MD 2 (1971–1972)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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