manifest injustice standard (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

manifest injustice standard in Ohio

129 Ohio opinions name it 2 courts 1997–2026 30 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (24)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Smithgreen
ohio · 1977 · cited in 62 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1999–2026
2 sentences

2020Further, an “undue delay between the occurrence of the alleged cause for withdrawal of a guilty plea and the Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00158 6 filing of a motion under Crim.R. 32.1 is a factor adversely affecting the credibility of the movant and mitigating against the granting of the motion.” State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). {¶15} Under the manifest injustice standard, a post-sentence withdrawal motion is allowable only in extraordinary cases.

2020Further, an “undue delay between the occurrence of the alleged cause for withdrawal of a guilty plea and the Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00158 6 filing of a motion under Crim.R. 32.1 is a factor adversely affecting the credibility of the movant and mitigating against the granting of the motion.” State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). {¶15} Under the manifest injustice standard, a post-sentence withdrawal motion is allowable only in extraordinary cases.

1062
State ex rel. Schneider v. Kreinergreen
ohio · 1998 · cited in 8 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2019–2026
2 sentences

2026Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio St.3d 203, 208 (1998). {¶ 15} Accordingly, a post-sentence withdrawal of a guilty plea is permissible only in extraordinary cases under the manifest injustice standard.

2023Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio St.3d 203, 208 (1998). {¶ 18} Accordingly, a post-sentence withdrawal of a guilty or no contest plea is permissible only in extraordinary cases under the manifest injustice standard.

88
State v. Turnergreen
ohioctapp · 2007 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2022
2 sentences

2022“The manifest-injustice standard demands a showing of extraordinary circumstances, and the defendant bears the burden of proving the existence of a manifest injustice.” State v. Turner, 171 Ohio App.3d 82 , 2007-Ohio-1346 , 869 N.E.2d 708, ¶ 20 (2d Dist.). {¶ 13} A Crim.R. 32.1 motion is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and its decision will not be reversed absent an abuse of that discretion.

2022“The manifest-injustice standard demands a showing of extraordinary circumstances, and the defendant bears the burden of proving the existence of a manifest injustice.” State v. Turner, 171 Ohio App.3d 82 , 2007-Ohio-1346 , 869 N.E.2d 708, ¶ 20 (2d Dist.). {¶ 13} A Crim.R. 32.1 motion is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and its decision will not be reversed absent an abuse of that discretion.

44
State v. Xiegreen
ohio · 1992 · cited in 13 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1997–2025
2 sentences

2018Bozso now appeals, presenting the following assignment of error for our review: "The trial court erred by denying appellant's motion to withdraw his previously entered guilty plea." Standard of Review {¶ 6} Generally, a Crim.R. 32.1 postsentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea is subject to a manifest injustice standard, State v. Xie , 62 Ohio St.3d 521 , 526, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992), and an appellate court will not reverse a trial court's denial of a motion to withdraw a plea absent an abuse of discretion.

2018Bozso now appeals, presenting the following assignment of error for our review: "The trial court erred by denying appellant's motion to withdraw his previously entered guilty plea." Standard of Review {¶ 6} Generally, a Crim.R. 32.1 postsentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea is subject to a manifest injustice standard, State v. Xie , 62 Ohio St.3d 521 , 526, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992), and an appellate court will not reverse a trial court's denial of a motion to withdraw a plea absent an abuse of discretion.

313
State v. Caraballogreen
ohio · 1985 · cited in 5 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2012–2020
2 sentences

2020This is consistent with the objective of the stricter manifest-injustice standard for postsentence motions, which is aimed at discouraging defendants “from pleading guilty to test the weight of potential reprisal, and later withdraw[ing] the plea if the sentence was unexpectedly severe.” State v. Caraballo, 17 Ohio St.3d 66, 67 , 477 N.E.2d 627 (1985). {¶ 16} In this case, the record demonstrates Hawke learned of the trial court’s sentencing decision prior to the sentencing hearing.

2020This is consistent with the objective of the stricter manifest-injustice standard for postsentence motions, which is aimed at discouraging defendants “from pleading guilty to test the weight of potential reprisal, and later withdraw[ing] the plea if the sentence was unexpectedly severe.” State v. Caraballo, 17 Ohio St.3d 66, 67 , 477 N.E.2d 627 (1985). {¶ 16} In this case, the record demonstrates Hawke learned of the trial court’s sentencing decision prior to the sentencing hearing.

25
Blakemore v. Blakemoregreen
ohio · 1983 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2024
2 sentences

2024Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). {¶8} In moving to withdraw his plea, Mr. Manning argued that he satisfied the manifest injustice standard because he was never informed his conviction would subject him to a firearms disability, the court otherwise failed to advise him of the effect of his plea under Crim.R. 11(B), and the court never secured his waiver of counsel on the record in open court.

2017Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). {¶8} “However, the manifest injustice standard does not apply to plea withdrawal motions filed pursuant to R.C. 2943.031(D)”.

22
State v. Francisgreen
ohio · 2004 · cited in 6 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2007–2019
2 sentences

2019Notably, the Ohio General Assembly, in R.C. 2943.031, does not require that the manifest-injustice standard be met when a postsentence motion alleges a trial court failed to advise a defendant of immigration consequences, because of the "serious consequences of a criminal conviction on a noncitizen's status in this country." State v. Francis , 104 Ohio St.3d 490 , 2004-Ohio-6894 , 820 N.E.2d 355 , ¶ 26.

2019Notably, the Ohio General Assembly, in R.C. 2943.031, does not require that the manifest-injustice standard be met when a postsentence motion alleges a trial court failed to advise a defendant of immigration consequences, because of the “serious consequences of a criminal conviction on a noncitizen’s status in this country.” State v. Francis, 104 Ohio St.3d 490 , 2004- Ohio-6894, 820 N.E.2d 355 , ¶ 26. 14 January Term, 2019 proceeding shows that Romero’s primary concern during the sentencing hearing was whether he would be able to continue working after his conviction.

16
State v. Stumpfgreen
ohio · 1987 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2021
2 sentences

2021Montgomery No. 19049, 2003-Ohio- 3237, ¶ 6, citing Crim.R. 32.1 and State v. Stumpf, 32 Ohio St.3d 95, 104 , 512 N.E.2d 598 (1987). “‘A manifest injustice standard is an extremely high standard, which permits withdrawal of a plea only in extraordinary cases.’” Id., quoting State v. Allen, 8th Dist.

2021Montgomery No. 19049, 2003-Ohio- 3237, ¶ 6, citing Crim.R. 32.1 and State v. Stumpf, 32 Ohio St.3d 95, 104 , 512 N.E.2d 598 (1987). “‘A manifest injustice standard is an extremely high standard, which permits withdrawal of a plea only in extraordinary cases.’” Id., quoting State v. Allen, 8th Dist.

14
State v. Gibson, 2007-P-0021 (12-21-2007)green
ohioctapp · 2007 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2011–2022
2 sentences

2022Portage No. 2007-P- 0021, 2007-Ohio-6926, ¶ 20 ], quoting State v. Allen, 8th Dist.

2011No. 2007-P-0021, 2007-Ohio-6926, ¶20 (quoting State v. Thomson, 6th Dist.

12
State v. Fugate, Unpublished Decision (1-5-2007)green
ohioctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026State v. Fugate, 2007-Ohio-26, ¶ 10 (2d Dist.).

11
State v. Honaker, Unpublished Decision (11-23-2004)green
ohioctapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026Enyart at ¶ 18 , citing State v. Honaker, 2004-Ohio-6256, ¶ 7 (10th Dist.), citing State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264 (1977).

11
State v. Sheppardgreen
ohioctapp · 2025 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026State v. Sheppard, 2025-Ohio-4882, ¶ 18 (2d Dist.).

11
State v. Hawkegreen
ohioctapp · 2020 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026(Citations omitted.) State v. Cunigan, 2011- Ohio-4010, ¶ 12 (2d Dist.). {¶ 17} Under the manifest-injustice standard suggested by defense counsel, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling Slaughter’s motion. “‘A manifest injustice is a clear or openly unjust act; an extraordinary and fundamental flaw in the plea proceeding.’” State v. Hawke, 2020-Ohio-511, ¶ 13 (2d Dist.), quoting State v. Yapp, 2015-Ohio-1654 , ¶ 8 (8th Dist.).

11
State v. Campbellgreen
ohioctapp · 2018 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Although ‘“a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea should be freely and liberally granted,”’ ‘“a defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a plea prior to sentencing.”’ State v. Campbell, 2018-Ohio-681, ¶ 8 (8th Dist.), quoting State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 527 (1992). ‘“A mere change of heart regarding a guilty plea and the possible sentence is insufficient justification for the withdrawal of a plea.”’ Id., quoting State v. Bloom, 2012-Ohio-3805, ¶ 13 (8th Dist.).

11
State v. Bloomgreen
ohioctapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Although ‘“a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea should be freely and liberally granted,”’ ‘“a defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a plea prior to sentencing.”’ State v. Campbell, 2018-Ohio-681, ¶ 8 (8th Dist.), quoting State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 527 (1992). ‘“A mere change of heart regarding a guilty plea and the possible sentence is insufficient justification for the withdrawal of a plea.”’ Id., quoting State v. Bloom, 2012-Ohio-3805, ¶ 13 (8th Dist.).

11
State v. Thomasgreen
ohioctapp · 2023 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
State v. Dalygreen
ohioctapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
State v. Maysgreen
ohioctapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
State v. Adamsgreen
ohio · 1980 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
State v. Carswell, Unpublished Decision (10-4-2006)green
ohioctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
State v. Richardsongreen
ohio · 1996 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
State v. Daltongreen
ohioctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
State v. Yanezgreen
ohioctapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
State v. Nathangreen
ohioctapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (48)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Montgomery green
ohioctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2018Under the manifest injustice standard, a postsentence motion to withdraw a plea is permitted "only in extraordinary cases." State v. Montgomery , 2013-Ohio-4193 , 997 N.E.2d 579 , ¶ 61 (8th Dist.), citing Smith at 264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 . {¶ 15} The determination of whether the defendant has met his or her burden of establishing "a manifest injustice" is within the sound discretion of the trial court.

2017Under the manifest injustice standard, a postsentence motion to withdraw a plea is permitted “only in extraordinary cases.” State v. Montgomery, 2013-Ohio-4193 , 997 N.E.2d 579 , ¶ 61 (8th Dist.), citing Smith at 264 . {¶23} The determination of whether the defendant has met his or her burden of establishing “a manifest injustice” is within the sound discretion of the trial court.

52014–2018
State v. Ketterer green
ohio · 2010
2 sentences

2022"Only if the claim is not barred by res judicata should the court proceed to the manifest injustice standard." Creech at ¶ 20, citing Reynolds at ¶ 27. {¶ 64} "Ineffective assistance of counsel may constitute a basis for a motion to withdraw a guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. [T]he doctrine of res judicata, however, bars review of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel when such claims were or could have been asserted on direct appeal." Creech at ¶ 20, citing State v. Straley, 159 Ohio St.3d 82 , 2019-Ohio-5206 , ¶ 23, State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448 , 2010-Ohio-3831, ¶ 59 .

2022"Only if the claim is not barred by res judicata should the court proceed to the manifest injustice standard." Creech at ¶ 20, citing Reynolds at ¶ 27. {¶ 64} "Ineffective assistance of counsel may constitute a basis for a motion to withdraw a guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. [T]he doctrine of res judicata, however, bars review of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel when such claims were or could have been asserted on direct appeal." Creech at ¶ 20, citing State v. Straley, 159 Ohio St.3d 82 , 2019-Ohio-5206 , ¶ 23, State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448 , 2010-Ohio-3831, ¶ 59 .

32021–2023
State v. Thomson, Unpublished Decision (3-17-2006) neutral
ohioctapp · 2006
2 sentences

2021Lucas No. L-05-1213, 2006-Ohio-1224, ¶ 48 , quoting State v. Woods, 8th Dist.

2019Lucas No. L-05-1213, 2006-Ohio-1224, ¶48 , citing State v. Woods, 8th Dist.

32007–2021
State v. Weber green
ohioctapp · 1997
2 sentences

2002No. 95, 143 Ohio Laws, Part I, 531-532. 4 State v. Weber (1997), 125 Ohio App.3d 120 , 129 , 707 N.E.2d 1178 . 5 There are at least three competing theories on this issue; (1) that a Crim.R. 32.1 motion filed after the time for direct appeal should be treated as a motion for postconviction relief, State v. Hill (1998), 129 Ohio App.3d 658 , 661 , 718 N.E.2d 978 ; (2) that the motion retains its separate character but res judicata applies to bar issues that could have been raised on direct appeal or in a postconviction petition, State v. Reynolds, Putnam App. No. 12-01-11, 2002-Ohio-2823 , at q

2002No. 95, 143 Ohio Laws, Part I, 531-532. 4 State v. Weber (1997), 125 Ohio App.3d 120 , 129 , 707 N.E.2d 1178 . 5 There are at least three competing theories on this issue; (1) that a Crim.R. 32.1 motion filed after the time for direct appeal should be treated as a motion for postconviction relief, State v. Hill (1998), 129 Ohio App.3d 658 , 661 , 718 N.E.2d 978 ; (2) that the motion retains its separate character but res judicata applies to bar issues that could have been raised on direct appeal or in a postconviction petition, State v. Reynolds, Putnam App. No. 12-01-11, 2002-Ohio-2823 , at q

32002–2018
State v. McWhorter green
ohioctapp · 2024
2 sentences

2025We therefore reversed the trial court's decision and remanded the matter to the trial court to -3- Fayette CA2025-03-002 consider the motion using the proper standard for presentence motions to withdraw a guilty plea in accordance with State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521 (1992); and State v. McWhorter, 2024-Ohio-5753 (12th Dist.).

2024Id. {¶ 9} The trial court denied appellant's presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea on the ground that a withdrawal of the plea was not necessary "to correct a manifest injustice." However, "[a]s set forth in [Crim.R. 32.1], the manifest injustice standard applies to post-sentence plea withdrawals." State v. Thomas, 2023-Ohio-3903, ¶ 16 (5th Dist.); State v. Daly, 2015-Ohio-5034, ¶ 42, fn. 2 (12th Dist.) Therefore, the trial court abused its discretion by analyzing the information presented at the July 19, 2024 hearing and denying appellant's presentence motion to withdraw his guilty p

22024–2025
State v. Straley (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2019
2 sentences

2022"Only if the claim is not barred by res judicata should the court proceed to the manifest injustice standard." Creech at ¶ 20, citing Reynolds at ¶ 27. {¶ 64} "Ineffective assistance of counsel may constitute a basis for a motion to withdraw a guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. [T]he doctrine of res judicata, however, bars review of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel when such claims were or could have been asserted on direct appeal." Creech at ¶ 20, citing State v. Straley, 159 Ohio St.3d 82 , 2019-Ohio-5206 , ¶ 23, State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448 , 2010-Ohio-3831, ¶ 59 .

2021Id.

22021–2022
State v. Allen, Unpublished Decision (6-22-2006) neutral
ohioctapp · 2006
2 sentences

2021“The manifest injustice standard ‘“comprehends a fundamental flaw in the path of justice so extraordinary that the defendant could not have sought redress from the resulting prejudice through another form of application reasonably available to him or her.”’” Id., quoting State v. Thomson, 6th Dist.

2021Cuyahoga No. 86684, 2006-Ohio-3164, ¶ 10 .

22007–2021
State v. Ross neutral
ohioctapp · 2014
2 sentences

2020Wayne No. 13CA0015, 2014-Ohio-1675, ¶ 14 , quoting State v. Brown, 9th Dist.

2019Wayne No. 13CA0015, 2014-Ohio-1675, ¶ 14 , quoting State v. Brown, 9th Dist.

22019–2020
Ohio v. Vinson green
ohioctapp · 2016
2 sentences

2018State v. Vinson , 2016-Ohio-7604 , 73 N.E.3d 1025 , ¶ 42 (8th Dist.), citing Smith at paragraph two of the syllabus. "[T]he good faith, credibility and weight of the movant's assertions in support of the motion are matters to be resolved by that court." Smith .

2017State v. Vinson, 2016-Ohio-7604 , 73 N.E.3d 1025 , ¶ 42 (8th Dist.), citing Smith at paragraph two of the syllabus.

22017–2018
State v. Conner green
ohioctapp · 2012
2 sentences

2014Cuyahoga No. 98084, 2012-Ohio-3579, ¶ 5 . {¶8} This court reviews a denial of a motion to withdraw a no contest plea for an abuse of discretion.

2013No. 98084, 2012-Ohio-3579, ¶ 5 .

22013–2014
State v. Bell neutral
ohioctapp · 2011
2 sentences

2012No. 95719, 2011-Ohio-1965, ¶ 22 . {¶20} The state responds that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to even consider the motion, alleging defendant could have raised it on direct appeal rendering the matter barred by res judicata.

2011Hence, “a Crim.R. 32.1 motion to withdraw a plea filed after a defendant has been sentenced — without the proper postrelease control — is a postsentence motion that must meet the stricter manifest injustice standard.” Id.

22011–2012
State v. Bush green
ohio · 2002
2 sentences

2011State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522, at ¶ 13 .

2007State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 ; State v. Hartzell (Aug. 20, 1999), Montgomery App. No. 17499, 1999 WL 957746 The manifest-injustice standard demands a showing of extraordinary circumstances, and the defendant bears the burden of proving the existence of a manifest injustice.

22007–2011
State v. Bush green
ohio · 2002
2 sentences

2007State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 ; State v. Hartzell (Aug. 20, 1999), Montgomery App. No. 17499, 1999 WL 957746 The manifest-injustice standard demands a showing of extraordinary circumstances, and the defendant bears the burden of proving the existence of a manifest injustice.

2007State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 ; State v. Hartzell (Aug. 20, 1999), Montgomery App. No. 17499, 1999 WL 957746 The manifest-injustice standard demands a showing of extraordinary circumstances, and the defendant bears the burden of proving the existence of a manifest injustice.

22007–2011
State v. Alexander green
ohioctapp · 2023
1 sentence

2026Id. {¶ 15} The issue is more complicated here, however, because defense counsel explicitly urged the trial court to apply the post-sentence standard to Slaughter’s motion. 5 During the plea-withdrawal hearing, defense counsel argued “that in order to withdraw his plea, there has to be some kind of injustice or manifest injustice due to the docket showing that there was a statement of a sentence on the record.” The manifest-injustice standard recited by defense counsel only applies to post-sentence motions to withdraw a plea.

12026–2026
State v. Hixon neutral
ohioctapp · 2024
1 sentence

2025Hixon I, 2024-Ohio-6058 . {¶ 8} In so holding, this court stated: "The trial court denied [Hixon's] presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea on the ground that a withdrawal of the plea was not necessary 'to correct a manifest injustice.' However, as set forth in Crim.R. 32.1, the manifest injustice standard applies to post-sentence plea withdrawals." Id. at ¶ 9.

12025–2025
State v. Massey green
ohioctapp · 2015
12023–2023
State v. Wallen, 21688 (5-4-2007) green
ohioctapp · 2007
12023–2023
Logue v. Logue green
fladistctapp · 2000
12022–2022
State v. Bradford green
ohioctapp · 2022
12022–2022
AAAA Enterprises, Inc. v. River Place Community Urban Redevelopment Corp. green
ohio · 1990
12021–2021
Office of Disciplinary Counsel v. Michaels green
ohio · 1990
12021–2021
State v. Vitale green
ohioctapp · 1994
12021–2021
State v. Williams, Unpublished Decision (11-18-2004) green
ohioctapp · 2004
12020–2020
Padilla v. Kentucky green
scotus · 2010
12019–2019
Twinsburg v. Milano green
ohioctapp · 2018
12019–2019
State v. Hamed neutral
ohioctapp · 2017
12019–2019
State v. Miller green
ohioctapp · 2017
12019–2019
State v. Caver, 90945 (11-26-2008) neutral
ohioctapp · 2008
12018–2018
State v. Smith green
ohioctapp · 2016
12018–2018
State v. Aquino neutral
ohioctapp · 2014
12017–2017
State v. Maney neutral
ohioctapp · 2013
12016–2016
Wong Sun v. United States green
scotus · 1963
12015–2015
Mapp v. Ohio green
scotus · 1961
12015–2015
State v. Miller green
ohio · 2010
12014–2014
State v. Hopkins neutral
ohioctapp · 2013
12013–2013
State v. Cuthbertson green
ohioctapp · 2000
12012–2012
State v. Fish green
ohioctapp · 1995
12012–2012
State v. Singleton red
ohio · 2009
12011–2011
State v. Harrison green
ohio · 2009
12011–2011
Terry Lynn King v. Michael Dutton, Warden green
ca6 · 1994
12008–2008

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2943.031 (14) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2903.11 (11) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2953.21 (10) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.14 (8) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2907.02 (6) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2903.02 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2921.12 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2923.02 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2903.01 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.191 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2953.08 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.28 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 129 (1997–2026) WI 54 (1969–2025) MN 47 (1968–2026) FL 33 (1938–2024) KS 32 (1992–2026) UT 28 (1991–2023) PA 24 (1989–2025) TN 23 (1997–2024) NJ 22 (1997–2025) MO 20 (1979–2025) WA 19 (1983–2026) KY 18 (1991–2025) VA 15 (2004–2026) DC 8 (1984–2024) HI 5 (1957–2025) CA 5 (2009–2025) MI 4 (1982–1996) GA 4 (1996–2024) AL 3 (1916–2010) AK 3 (1983–1986) WV 3 (1995–2021) WY 3 (1979–2017) DE 2 (1986–2016) ID 2 (2013–2025) IL 2 (2020–2021) ND 2 (2000–2018) TX 2 (2015–2022) OR 2 (2025–2025) CO 2 (2001–2019)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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