testimony adduced hearing (Texas) · Go Syfert
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testimony adduced hearing in Texas

19 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1941–2015 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
Perez v. Stategreen
texapp · 1991 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1994–1995
2 sentences

1995Perez v. State, 818 S.W.2d 512, 514 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, no pet.).

1995Perez v. State, 818 S.W.2d 512, 514 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, no pet.) The trial judge is the sole and exclusive trier of fact at a hearing on a motion to suppress.

44
Avery v. Stategreen
texapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

11
Williams v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1964 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See Williams v. State, 375 S.W.2d 449, 451 (Tex. Crim.

11
Farmah v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See also, Farmah v. State, 883 S.W.2d 674 (Tex.Crim.App. 1994). 12 Under a fair reading of the testimony adduced at the hearing and at trial, a reasonable person in these circumstances would believe his freedom of movement was restrained to the degree associated with a formal arrest.

11
Ex Parte Burdinegreen
texcrimapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

11
Landers v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See id.; see also Landers, 256 S.W.3d at 304-05 ; McDonald, 877 S.W.2d at 471-72 .

11
Richardson v. Stategreen
texapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012However, we must note that, despite such a conclusion, “this element would not control over all other considerations.” Milner, 263 S.W.3d at 150 ; see Richardson, 181 S.W.3d at 760 (“Although a defendant’s ability to make bail is a factor for consideration, inability to make bail, even to the point of indigence, does not control over the other factors.”).

11
Brown v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1971 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
1 sentence

2004See Brown v. State , 464 S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tex. Crim.

11
Boykin v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1974 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
2 sentences

1998Boykin v. State , 516 S.W.2d 946, 947 (Tex. Crim.

1998Boykin v. State , 516 S.W.2d 946, 947 (Tex. Crim.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

CaseCitedYears
Trout v. State green
texcrimapp · 1985
2 sentences

2007Trout, 702 S.W.2d at 620 .1 Although appellant is not precluded from asserting his ineffective assistance claim in this appeal, this Court may not, under the holding in Trout as we understand it, consider the testimony adduced at the hearing in support of that claim.

2007Trout , 702 S.W.2d at 620 . (1) Although appellant is not precluded from asserting his ineffective assistance claim in this appeal, this Court may not, under the holding in Trout as we understand it, consider the testimony adduced at the hearing in support of that claim.

22007–2007
Childress v. Johnson green
ca5 · 1997
1 sentence

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
Burdine v. Johnson green
ca5 · 2000
1 sentence

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
United States v. Cronic green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
Cone v. Bell green
scotus · 2009
2 sentences

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
Santosky v. Kramer green
scotus · 1982
2 sentences

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
State v. Herndon green
texcrimapp · 2007
1 sentence

2015The trial court may exercise its discretion in granting a new trial without a showing of reversible error as a matter of law but only if the defendant has demonstrated his first trial was “seriously flawed and the flaw adversely affected his substantial right to a fair trial.” Id. 9 In making a decision at a motion for new trial hearing, the trial judge may consider the evidence and what transpired at the trial, any affidavits involved, and the testimony adduced at the hearing on the motion.

12015–2015
Jose L. Elizondo and Guillermina Elizondo v. Ronald D. Krist, the Krist Law Firm, P.C., Kevin D. Krist, and William T. Wells green
tex · 2013
1 sentence

2015TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL i REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT i RECORD REFERENCES ii ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES iii STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1 ISSUES PRESENTED: 2 ISSUE ONE: DID TRIAL COUNSEL RENDER INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ISSUE TWO: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(D) & (E) ISSUE THREE: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND FACTUALLY SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE TERMINATION OF APPELLANT'S PARENTAL RIGHTS UNDER §161.001(1)(N) ISSUE FOUR: WAS THE EVIDENCE LEGALLY AND F

12015–2015
State Ex Rel. Hilbig v. McDonald green
texapp · 1994
1 sentence

2014See id.; see also Landers, 256 S.W.3d at 304-05 ; McDonald, 877 S.W.2d at 471-72 .

12014–2014
In re Health Discovery Corp. green
texapp · 2004
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., In re Carter, No. 01-13-01021-CV, 2014 WL 2809822 , at *1 n.2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 19, 2014, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.) (granting habeas corpus relief even though relator failed to file reporter’s record from hearing because “the testimony adduced at the hearing is not relevant or necessary to the disposition of this petition”); In re Health Discovery Corp., 148 S.W.3d 163 , 165–66 n.4 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, orig. proceeding) (“suspend[ing]” requirements of rule 5 52.7(a)(1) “[i]n the absence of any dispute concerning the factual basis for Relator’s request in this o

12014–2014
Milner v. State green
texapp · 2006
1 sentence

2012However, we must note that, despite such a conclusion, “this element would not control over all other considerations.” Milner, 263 S.W.3d at 150 ; see Richardson, 181 S.W.3d at 760 (“Although a defendant’s ability to make bail is a factor for consideration, inability to make bail, even to the point of indigence, does not control over the other factors.”).

12012–2012
Brown v. McLennan County Children's Protective Services green
tex · 1982
1 sentence

1985Dr. Stubbs cites Brown v. McLennan County Children’s Protective Services, 627 S.W.2d 390 (Tex.1982), as authority for his argument that the waiver of citation and the agreement incident to divorce signed by Ruth Stubbs satisfy the requirement of a complete record under section 11.14(d).

11985–1985
Hall v. White green
tex · 1975
1 sentence

1980The correct rule is set forth in White v. Hall, 525 S.W.2d 860 (Tex.1975), as follows: Former testimony is not admissible if a witness is available at the subsequent trial.

11980–1980
Seay v. State neutral
texcrimapp · 1965
1 sentence

1969Seay v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 395 S.W.2d 40 ; Bradford v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 372 S.W.2d 336 ; Rawls v. State, 127 Tex.Cr.R. 414 , 76 S.W.2d 1053 ; Thompson v. State, 79 Tex.Cr.R. 478 , 187 S.W. 204 ; 29 Tex.Jur. 2d 173; Homicide, Section 142; 4 A.L.R. 3d 149 , Section 3 at 156.

11969–1969
Bradford v. State neutral
texcrimapp · 1963
1 sentence

1969Seay v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 395 S.W.2d 40 ; Bradford v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 372 S.W.2d 336 ; Rawls v. State, 127 Tex.Cr.R. 414 , 76 S.W.2d 1053 ; Thompson v. State, 79 Tex.Cr.R. 478 , 187 S.W. 204 ; 29 Tex.Jur. 2d 173; Homicide, Section 142; 4 A.L.R. 3d 149 , Section 3 at 156.

11969–1969
Thompson v. State neutral
texcrimapp · 1916
2 sentences

1969Seay v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 395 S.W.2d 40 ; Bradford v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 372 S.W.2d 336 ; Rawls v. State, 127 Tex.Cr.R. 414 , 76 S.W.2d 1053 ; Thompson v. State, 79 Tex.Cr.R. 478 , 187 S.W. 204 ; 29 Tex.Jur. 2d 173; Homicide, Section 142; 4 A.L.R. 3d 149 , Section 3 at 156.

1969Seay v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 395 S.W.2d 40 ; Bradford v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 372 S.W.2d 336 ; Rawls v. State, 127 Tex.Cr.R. 414 , 76 S.W.2d 1053 ; Thompson v. State, 79 Tex.Cr.R. 478 , 187 S.W. 204 ; 29 Tex.Jur. 2d 173; Homicide, Section 142; 4 A.L.R. 3d 149 , Section 3 at 156.

11969–1969
Rawls v. State neutral
texcrimapp · 1934
2 sentences

1969Seay v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 395 S.W.2d 40 ; Bradford v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 372 S.W.2d 336 ; Rawls v. State, 127 Tex.Cr.R. 414 , 76 S.W.2d 1053 ; Thompson v. State, 79 Tex.Cr.R. 478 , 187 S.W. 204 ; 29 Tex.Jur. 2d 173; Homicide, Section 142; 4 A.L.R. 3d 149 , Section 3 at 156.

1969Seay v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 395 S.W.2d 40 ; Bradford v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 372 S.W.2d 336 ; Rawls v. State, 127 Tex.Cr.R. 414 , 76 S.W.2d 1053 ; Thompson v. State, 79 Tex.Cr.R. 478 , 187 S.W. 204 ; 29 Tex.Jur. 2d 173; Homicide, Section 142; 4 A.L.R. 3d 149 , Section 3 at 156.

11969–1969
Houston Credit Sales Co. v. English neutral
texapp · 1940
1 sentence

1959This case is distinguishable from the cases of Haig v. Gittings, Tex.Civ.App., 260 S.W.2d 311 , and Houston Credit Sales Co. v. English, Tex.Civ.App., 139 S.W.2d 163 , no writ history, cited and relied on by appellant.

11959–1959
Haig v. Gittings green
texapp · 1953
1 sentence

1959This case is distinguishable from the cases of Haig v. Gittings, Tex.Civ.App., 260 S.W.2d 311 , and Houston Credit Sales Co. v. English, Tex.Civ.App., 139 S.W.2d 163 , no writ history, cited and relied on by appellant.

11959–1959
Rex Refining Co. v. Morris neutral
texapp · 1934
11941–1941
Shell Petroleum Corporation v. Grays green
texapp · 1935
11941–1941
Taylor v. Taylor green
texapp · 1936
1 sentence

1941In this connection he further expresses the opinion and belief that the closing of the receivership and discharge of the receiver should be governed by the rules laid down in the cases of Shell Petroleum Corp. v. Grays, Tex.Civ.App., 87 S.W.2d 289 ; Rex Refining Co. v. Morris, Tex.Civ.App., 75 S.W.2d 156 ; and Taylor v. Taylor, Tex.Civ.App., 91 S.W.2d 394 .

11941–1941

Where else courts name it

NY 193 (1930–2025) TX 19 (1941–2015) NJ 9 (1952–2025) LA 7 (1937–2024) GA 7 (1951–2002) PA 7 (1949–2017) IL 4 (1973–2016) OH 4 (2004–2012) FL 3 (1974–2015) AZ 3 (1966–2007) MO 2 (1976–2023) CT 2 (2002–2004) IN 2 (1980–2018) AR 2 (1911–1975) NC 2 (1951–1962)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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