conspiracy claim (California) · Go Syfert
← California issues

conspiracy claim in California

114 California opinions name it 3 courts 1946–2026 37 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (38)

CaseFollowedCited
Shafer v. Berger, Kahn, Shafton, Moss, Figler, Simon & Gladstonegreen
calctapp · 2003 · cited in 4 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2026
2 sentences

2026(Id. at p. 397; see Klotz, supra, at p. 1351 .) In Shafer v. Berger, Kahn, Shafton, Moss, Figler, Simon & Gladstone (2003) 107 Cal.App.4th 54 , the conspiracy claim alleged an insurance company’s coverage counsel misrepresented the policy limits to a party that had obtained a judgment against the company’s insured.

2026(Id. at p. 397; see Klotz, supra, at p. 1351 .) In Shafer v. Berger, Kahn, Shafton, Moss, Figler, Simon & Gladstone (2003) 107 Cal.App.4th 54 , the conspiracy claim alleged an insurance company’s coverage counsel misrepresented the policy limits to a party that had obtained a judgment against the company’s insured.

34
Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd.green
cal · 1994 · cited in 10 California opinions naming this issue, 1995–2023
2 sentences

2022For the reasons that follow, we conclude that the SAC adequately pled conspiracy to fraudulently transfer as to many of the defendants, and thus the trial court erred by denying leave to amend as to them. “ ‘Conspiracy is not a cause of action, but a legal doctrine that imposes liability on persons who, although not actually committing a tort themselves, share with the immediate tortfeasors a common plan or design in its perpetration.’ (Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 503 , 510–511.)” (AREI II Cases (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1004, 1021 (AREI II).) “To support

2016It is based on the alleged misrepresentations and alleges that all defendants “have formed and continue to operate a scheme to facilitate wrongful foreclosure for economic gain and profit.” “Conspiracy is not a cause of action, but a legal doctrine that imposes liability on persons who, although not actually committing a tort themselves, share with the immediate tortfeasors a common plan or design in its perpetration.” (Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 503, 510-511 .) “To support a conspiracy claim, a plaintiff must allege the following elements: ‘(1) the fo

210
People v. Pahlgreen
calctapp · 1991 · cited in 8 California opinions naming this issue, 1992–2024
2 sentences

2024(See, e.g., People v. Pahl (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1651, 1659-1660 [Hamilton accurately describes the conspiracy exception, “but it generalizes as if the exception applies to all crimes.

2023(See People v. Pahl (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1651 (Pahl).) The language in Hamilton upon which Record relies is derived from Johnston, but Johnston itself limited its application to conspiracy cases. ( Pahl, supra, at p. 1658 ; Johnston, supra, 3 Cal.2d at p. 36 , italics added [“we cannot construe [section 954] to mean that an indictment or information charging conspiracy is sufficient” without an allegation of an overt act or when a defendant has been acquitted of all overt acts].) Hamilton accurately describes the conspiracy exception, “but it generalizes as if the exception applies to all cri

28
People v. Washingtongreen
cal · 1969 · cited in 4 California opinions naming this issue, 1980–1994
2 sentences

1994It is firmly established that evidence of conspiracy may be admitted even if the defendant is not charged with the crime of conspiracy. ( People v. Belmontes, supra, 45 Cal.3d at p. 790, citing with approval People v. Jourdain (1980) 111 Cal. App.3d 396, 404 [ 168 Cal. Rptr. 702 ]; People v. Washington (1969) 71 Cal.2d 1170, 1174 [ 81 Cal. Rptr. 5 , 459 P.2d 259 , 39 A.L.R.3d 541 ].) Once there is proof of the existence of the conspiracy there is no error in instructing the jury on the law of conspiracy. ( Ibid. ) To determine whether there was sufficient proof of a conspiracy in this case, we

1994It is firmly established that evidence of conspiracy may be admitted even if the defendant is not charged with the crime of conspiracy. ( People v. Belmontes, supra, 45 Cal.3d at p. 790, citing with approval People v. Jourdain (1980) 111 Cal. App.3d 396, 404 [ 168 Cal. Rptr. 702 ]; People v. Washington (1969) 71 Cal.2d 1170, 1174 [ 81 Cal. Rptr. 5 , 459 P.2d 259 , 39 A.L.R.3d 541 ].) Once there is proof of the existence of the conspiracy there is no error in instructing the jury on the law of conspiracy. ( Ibid. ) To determine whether there was sufficient proof of a conspiracy in this case, we

24
Favila v. Katten Muchin Rosenman LLPgreen
calctapp · 2010 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 2015–2026
2 sentences

2026(Id. at p. 1352; see also Favila v. Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP (2010) 188 Cal.App.4th 189 , 209–210 (Favila) [“If the plaintiff seeks to plead a conspiracy claim against an attorney based on fraud or virtually any other common law tort theory, the claim falls within section 1714.10, subdivision (c)(1); the procedural requirements of section 1714.10, subdivision (a), do not apply (that is, the plaintiff need not demonstrate a probability of prevailing on the merits)”].) Alternatively, Ballidis and the Law Firm argue that the independent duty exception does not apply because the duty was owed to

2024Code, § 1714.10, subd. (c); see Favila, supra, 188 Cal.App.4th at p. 209 .)14 The allegations of the complaint are sufficient to establish the conspiracy claim is not barred by the agent’s immunity rule because Lucas (and Buchalter) had an independent legal duty not to defraud Williams.

23
Berg & Berg Enterprises, LLC v. Sherwood Partners, Inc.green
calctapp · 2005 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2021
2 sentences

2021As stated in Berg & Berg Enterprises, LLC v. Sherwood Partners, Inc. (2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 802, 834 , ‘[c]ases have interpreted the “financial advantage” exception to the agent’s immunity rule to mean a personal advantage or gain that is over and above ordinary professional fees earned as compensation for performance of the agency.’ Berg & Berg involved a statutory provision with exceptions that allowed a conspiracy claim against an attorney; the exceptions mirrored those carved out from the agent’s immunity rule.

2015And no facts are alleged that respondents' "acts go beyond the performance of a professional duty to serve the client and involve a conspiracy to violate a legal duty in furtherance of the attorney's financial gain." (§ 1714.10, subd. (c)(2); Berg & Berg Enterprises, LLC v. Sherwood Partners, Inc., supra, 131 Cal.App.4th at p. 818 [discussing exceptions to agent immunity rule].) "If the plaintiff seeks to assert a conspiracy claim against an attorney based on the violation of a duty owed by the client, but not the attorney, and the attorney was acting within the scope of his or her professiona

23
People v. Buffumgreen
cal · 1953 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 1959–2017
2 sentences

2017It would contravene that policy to hold that the very passage of the Mann Act effected a withdrawal by the conspiracy statute of that immunity which the Mann Act itself confers." ( Gebardi v. United States , supra , 287 U.S. at p. 123 , 53 S.Ct. at p. 38 , 77 L.Ed. at pp. 211-212, italics added; see People v. Buffum (1953) 40 Cal.2d 709 , 722, 256 P.2d 317 [abortion-seekers not deemed accomplices under § 1111, whose testimony required corroboration in prosecution for conspiracy to commit abortions, because the conspiracy rule "does not apply where the statutes defining the substantive offense

2017It would contravene that policy to hold that the very passage of the Mann Act effected a withdrawal by the conspiracy statute of that immunity which the Mann Act itself confers." ( Gebardi v. United States , supra , 287 U.S. at p. 123 , 53 S.Ct. at p. 38 , 77 L.Ed. at pp. 211-212, italics added; see People v. Buffum (1953) 40 Cal.2d 709 , 722, 256 P.2d 317 [abortion-seekers not deemed accomplices under § 1111, whose testimony required corroboration in prosecution for conspiracy to commit abortions, because the conspiracy rule "does not apply where the statutes defining the substantive offense

23
People v. Curielgreen
cal · 2023 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2024–2025
2 sentences

2025(See Curiel, supra, 15 Cal.5th at p. 463 [stating liability requirements for aiding and abetting express and implied malice murder]; see also People v. Reyes (2023) 14 Cal.5th 981 , 992.) Appellant further asserts that a person “may enter into a conspiracy to commit murder, and be convicted of conspiracy, without actually committing murder.” She contends that may have happened in this case, albeit with regard to the attempted 16 murder counts, because the conspiracy instruction the jury received contained the same error as the instruction given in Whitson, supra, 79 Cal.App.5th 22 .

2024(See Curiel, supra, 15 Cal.5th at p. 463 [stating liability requirements for aiding and abetting express and implied malice murder]; see also People v. Reyes (2023) 14 Cal.5th 981 , 992.) Appellant further asserts that a person “may enter into a conspiracy to commit murder, and be convicted of conspiracy, without actually committing murder.” She contends that may have happened in this case, albeit with regard to the attempted 16 murder counts, because the conspiracy instruction the jury received contained the same error as the instruction given in Whitson, supra, 79 Cal.App.5th 22 .

22
Prakashpalan v. Engstrom, Lipscomb & Lackgreen
calctapp · 2014 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023(McCann, supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 906 ; see also Prakashpalan v. Engstrom, Lipscomb & Lack (2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 1105, 1136 [“Where fraud is alleged to be the object of the conspiracy, the claim must be pleaded with particularity”].) Defendants argue that Edelweiss’s conspiracy claim suffers from a “threshold failure” because its underlying allegations for CFCA violation are not sufficient.

2023(McCann, supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 906 ; see also Prakashpalan v. Engstrom, Lipscomb & Lack (2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 1105, 1136 [“Where fraud is alleged to be the object of the conspiracy, the claim must be pleaded with particularity”].) Defendants argue that Edelweiss’s conspiracy claim suffers from a “threshold failure” because its underlying allegations for CFCA violation are not sufficient.

22
Simpson Strong-Tie Co., Inc. v. Goregreen
cal · 2010 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2022
2 sentences

2022Standards of Review “We review de novo the grant or denial of an anti-SLAPP motion” and “exercise independent judgment in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity.” (Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769 , 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, “[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently.” (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4th at p. 26 ; see Neurelis, supra, at p. 786.) “ ‘In addi

2021Standards of Review “We review de novo the grant or denial of an anti-SLAPP motion” and “exercise independent judgment in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity.” (Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769 , 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, “[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently.” (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4th at p. 26 ; see Neurelis, supra, at p. 786.) “ ‘In addi

22
Symmonds v. Mahoneygreen
calctapp5d · 2019 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2022
2 sentences

2022Standards of Review “We review de novo the grant or denial of an anti-SLAPP motion” and “exercise independent judgment in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity.” (Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769 , 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, “[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently.” (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4th at p. 26 ; see Neurelis, supra, at p. 786.) “ ‘In addi

2021Standards of Review “We review de novo the grant or denial of an anti-SLAPP motion” and “exercise independent judgment in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity.” (Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769 , 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, “[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently.” (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4th at p. 26 ; see Neurelis, supra, at p. 786.) “ ‘In addi

22
People v. Frederickgreen
calctapp · 2006 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

22
People v. Nilssongreen
calctapp · 2015 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

22
People v. Mozesgreen
calctapp · 2011 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

22
People v. Martinezgreen
calctapp · 2017 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

2021(CALCRIM No. 1804, see People v. Martinez (2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 686, 693 [enhancement based on Corporations Code violations and grand theft and conspiracy]; People v. Nilsson (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1, 16 [applying enhancement to grand theft]; People v. Mozes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1129 [defendant pled guilty to multiple counts of theft by false pretenses and admitted enhancement based on that charge]; People v. Frederick (2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 400, 404 [enhancement based on grand theft and securities fraud counts].) Finally, in an argument similar to his prior assertion that the conspira

22
Hutchins v. Municipal Courtgreen
calctapp · 1976 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
22
People v. Belmontesgreen
cal · 1988 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1989–1994
22
AREI II Casesgreen
calctapp · 2013 · cited in 5 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2025
2 sentences

2023Conspiracy Claim In addition to its claim that defendants violated the CFCA by submitting false claims, Edelweiss also alleges that defendants conspired to commit a violation of the CFCA by colluding to inflate interest rates on California VRDOs. (§ 12651, subd. (a)(3).) “To support a conspiracy claim, a plaintiff must allege the following elements: ‘(1) the formation and operation of the conspiracy, (2) wrongful conduct in furtherance of the conspiracy, and (3) damages arising from the wrongful conduct.’ ” (AREI II Cases (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1004, 1022 .) A conspiracy claim under the CFCA i

2023Conspiracy Claim In addition to its claim that defendants violated the CFCA by submitting false claims, Edelweiss also alleges that defendants conspired to commit a violation of the CFCA by colluding to inflate interest rates on California VRDOs. (§ 12651, subd. (a)(3).) “To support a conspiracy claim, a plaintiff must allege the following elements: ‘(1) the formation and operation of the conspiracy, (2) wrongful conduct in furtherance of the conspiracy, and (3) damages arising from the wrongful conduct.’ ” (AREI II Cases (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1004, 1022 .) A conspiracy claim under the CFCA i

15
Rickley v. Goodfriendgreen
calctapp · 2013 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2023
2 sentences

2023If the plaintiff seeks to plead a conspiracy claim against an attorney based on fraud or virtually any other common law tort theory, the claim falls within section 1714.10, subdivision (c)(1); the procedural requirements of section 1714.10, subdivision (a) do not apply (that is, the plaintiff need not demonstrate a 10. probability of prevailing on the merits); and the statute serves no screening function whatsoever.’” (Rickley v. Goodfriend (2013) 212 Cal.App.4th 1136 , 1150–1151.) “Put another way, ‘the effect of the [1991 amendment to section 1714.10] is anomalous.

2013The court shall order service of the petition upon the party against whom the action is proposed to be filed and permit that party to submit opposing affidavits prior to making its determination . . . .” However, section 1714.10, subdivision (a) does not apply to a conspiracy claim against an attorney if “(1) the attorney has an independent legal duty to the plaintiff, or (2) the attorney‟s acts go beyond the performance of a professional duty to serve the client and involve a conspiracy to violate a legal duty in furtherance of the attorney‟s financial gain.” (§ 1714.10, subd. (c).) This appe

13
Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc. v. Bursakgreen
calctapp · 2010 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2026
2 sentences

2026(Stueve, supra, 222 Cal.App.4th at p. 331 .) The first exception provides: “This section shall not apply to a cause of action against an attorney for a civil conspiracy with his or her client, where (1) the attorney has an independent legal duty to the plaintiff[.]” (§ 1714.10, subd. (c).) This exception, codified in 1991, “mirror the limits on an attorney’s liability for conspiracy established by our Supreme Court in Doctors’ Co. v. Superior Court (1989) 49 Cal.3d 39 .” (Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc. v. Bursak (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 1092 , 1099–1100.) The Supreme Court concluded a conspir

2013The court shall order service of the petition upon the party against whom the action is proposed to be filed and permit that party to submit opposing affidavits prior to making its determination . . . .” However, section 1714.10, subdivision (a) does not apply to a conspiracy claim against an attorney if “(1) the attorney has an independent legal duty to the plaintiff, or (2) the attorney‟s acts go beyond the performance of a professional duty to serve the client and involve a conspiracy to violate a legal duty in furtherance of the attorney‟s financial gain.” (§ 1714.10, subd. (c).) This appe

12
Kidron v. Movie Acquisition Corp.green
calctapp · 1995 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2025
2 sentences

2025Allegations of Conspiracy The doctrine of civil conspiracy imposes liability on those who do not themselves commit a tort but who “ ‘share with the immediate tortfeasors a common plan or design in its perpetration.’ ” (Kidron v. Movie Acquisition Corp. (1995) 40 Cal.App.4th 1571, 1581 .) To plead a claim for civil conspiracy, a plaintiff must allege facts showing the formation and operation 5 of the conspiracy; wrongful conduct in furtherance of the conspiracy; and damages arising from the wrongful conduct.

2013To support a conspiracy claim, a plaintiff must allege the following elements: “(1) the formation and operation of the conspiracy, (2) wrongful conduct in furtherance of the conspiracy, and (3) damages arising from the wrongful conduct.” (Kidron v. Movie Acquisition Corp. (1995) 40 Cal.App.4th 1571, 1581 [ 47 Cal.Rptr.2d 752 ]; see Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd., supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 511 .) It is well settled that “ ‘[b]are’ allegations and ‘rank’ conjecture do not suffice for a civil conspiracy.” (Choate v. County of Orange (2000) 86 Cal.App.4th 312, 333 [ 103 Cal.Rptr.

12
People v. Kauffmangreen
· 1907 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2025
2 sentences

2025Each is responsible for everything done by his confederates, which follows incidentally in the execution of the common design as one of its probable and natural consequences, even though it was not intended as a part of the original design or common plan.’” (People v. Kauffman, supra, at p. 334 ; see People v. Smith, supra, at pp. 616–617.) The authorities cited by defendant may illustrate the state of the law applicable to the issues discussed in those cases, but they do not 5 Not only did defendant fail to raise the issue in his opening brief, he also did not file a reply brief, although the

2016Each is responsible for everything done by his confederates, which follows incidentally in the execution of the common design as one of its probable and natural consequences, even though it was not intended as a part of the original design or common plan. . . .” (People v. Kauffman (1907) 152 Cal. 331, 334 (Kauffman); see also People v. Prettyman (1996) 14 Cal.4th 248, 261 .)9 The trial court instructed the jury on the elements of conspiracy and the criminal responsibility of each member of the conspiracy for the statements and acts of each other member of the conspiracy, for the purpose of ac

12
Gebardi v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1932 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
12
People v. Jourdaingreen
calctapp · 1980 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1994–2016
12
Jarrow Formulas, Inc. v. LaMarchegreen
cal · 2003 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2015–2016
12
Skarbrevik v. Cohen, England & Whitfieldgreen
calctapp · 1991 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
12
College Hospital, Inc. v. Superior Courtgreen
cal · 1994 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1995–2000
12
People v. Remirogreen
calctapp · 1979 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1980–1988
12
Klotz v. Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy CA2/1green
calctapp · 2015 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
11
People v. Smithgreen
cal · 2014 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
People v. Lewisgreen
cal · 2021 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
People v. Bouzasgreen
cal · 1991 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Filip v. Bucurenciugreen
calctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
11
People v. Letner and Tobingreen
cal · 2010 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
11
People v. Prettymanred
cal · 1996 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
People v. Rodriguesgreen
cal · 1994 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
People v. Juradogreen
cal · 2006 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
People v. Gonzalesgreen
cal · 2012 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (42)

CaseCitedYears
Pavicich v. Santucci green
calctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2026(Ibid.) In Pavicich v. Santucci (2000) 85 Cal.App.4th 382 , the conspiracy claim alleged a corporation and its attorney conspired to conceal from the plaintiff, a potential investor, that other investors had threatened litigation against the venture.

2024The statute achieved this goal by requiring a prefiling judicial determination of a reasonable probability that the conspiracy claim was meritorious. ‘Both houses of the Legislature expressed concern over use of such claims as a tactical ploy, particularly in actions against insurance companies.’ [Citation.]” ( Pavicich, supra, 85 Cal.App.4th at pp. 390–391.) 11 Subsequent to enactment of section 1714.10, our Supreme Court in Doctors’ Co. v. Superior Court (1989) 49 Cal.3d 39 , 41–42 overruled Wolfrich, holding that “a conspiracy cause of action cannot lie ‘if the alleged conspirator, though a

62005–2026
Doctors' Co. v. Superior Court green
cal · 1989
2 sentences

2026(Stueve, supra, 222 Cal.App.4th at p. 331 .) The first exception provides: “This section shall not apply to a cause of action against an attorney for a civil conspiracy with his or her client, where (1) the attorney has an independent legal duty to the plaintiff[.]” (§ 1714.10, subd. (c).) This exception, codified in 1991, “mirror the limits on an attorney’s liability for conspiracy established by our Supreme Court in Doctors’ Co. v. Superior Court (1989) 49 Cal.3d 39 .” (Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc. v. Bursak (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 1092 , 1099–1100.) The Supreme Court concluded a conspir

2024The statute achieved this goal by requiring a prefiling judicial determination of a reasonable probability that the conspiracy claim was meritorious. ‘Both houses of the Legislature expressed concern over use of such claims as a tactical ploy, particularly in actions against insurance companies.’ [Citation.]” ( Pavicich, supra, 85 Cal.App.4th at pp. 390–391.) 11 Subsequent to enactment of section 1714.10, our Supreme Court in Doctors’ Co. v. Superior Court (1989) 49 Cal.3d 39 , 41–42 overruled Wolfrich, holding that “a conspiracy cause of action cannot lie ‘if the alleged conspirator, though a

61994–2026
In Re Johnston green
cal · 1935
2 sentences

2023(See People v. Pahl (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1651 (Pahl).) The language in Hamilton upon which Record relies is derived from Johnston, but Johnston itself limited its application to conspiracy cases. ( Pahl, supra, at p. 1658 ; Johnston, supra, 3 Cal.2d at p. 36 , italics added [“we cannot construe [section 954] to mean that an indictment or information charging conspiracy is sufficient” without an allegation of an overt act or when a defendant has been acquitted of all overt acts].) Hamilton accurately describes the conspiracy exception, “but it generalizes as if the exception applies to all cri

2023(See People v. Pahl (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1651 (Pahl).) The language in Hamilton upon which Record relies is derived from Johnston, but Johnston itself limited its application to conspiracy cases. ( Pahl, supra, at p. 1658 ; Johnston, supra, 3 Cal.2d at p. 36 , italics added [“we cannot construe [section 954] to mean that an indictment or information charging conspiracy is sufficient” without an allegation of an overt act or when a defendant has been acquitted of all overt acts].) Hamilton accurately describes the conspiracy exception, “but it generalizes as if the exception applies to all cri

41991–2023
People v. Hamilton green
calctapp · 1978
2 sentences

2023Because it does not, [the language in Hamilton] is inaccurate and misleading.” ( Pahl, supra, at p. 1660 .) Moreover, the language that Record relies on in Hamilton is dicta; Hamilton did not apply Johnston’s limited judicial exception to the case at bench—the Hamilton court ultimately declined to apply any exception as two charged offenses were not identical. ( Hamilton, supra, 80 Cal.App.3d at pp. 130-131.) Finally, Record claims that there are several post-Johnston cases that have applied the exception described in Johnston to non-conspiracy cases.

1991(Id., at pp. 129-130.) Then, using language applicable to the conspiracy cases, the court said: “However, there is a limited judicial exception to this rule where all of the essential elements of the crime of which the defendant was acquitted are identical to some or all of the essential elements of the crime of which he was convicted, and proof of the crime of which the defendant was acquitted is necessary to sustain a conviction of the crime of which the defendant was found guilty. [Citing Guerrero, Johnston, and several Court of Appeal decisions.]” (Pe ople v. Hamilton, supra, 80 Cal.App.3d

21991–2023
State ex rel. McCann v. Bank of America, N.A. green
calctapp · 2011
2 sentences

2023(McCann, supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 906 ; see also Prakashpalan v. Engstrom, Lipscomb & Lack (2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 1105, 1136 [“Where fraud is alleged to be the object of the conspiracy, the claim must be pleaded with particularity”].) Defendants argue that Edelweiss’s conspiracy claim suffers from a “threshold failure” because its underlying allegations for CFCA violation are not sufficient.

2023(McCann, supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 906 ; see also Prakashpalan v. Engstrom, Lipscomb & Lack (2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 1105, 1136 [“Where fraud is alleged to be the object of the conspiracy, the claim must be pleaded with particularity”].) Defendants argue that Edelweiss’s conspiracy claim suffers from a “threshold failure” because its underlying allegations for CFCA violation are not sufficient.

22023–2023
People v. Beck green
cal · 2019
2 sentences

2023Referring to implied malice “ ‘could confuse jurors’ ” because “ ‘conspiracy to commit murder, may not be based on a theory of implied malice.’ ” (Beck and Cruz, supra, 8 Cal.5th at p. 642 .) When giving the conspiracy instruction, the murder instruction should be modified to delete references to implied malice.

2020As the Supreme Court recently explained in parallel circumstances in People v. Beck & Cruz (2019) 8 Cal.5th 548, 645 , despite the fact the court had mentioned the natural and probable consequences doctrine in the conspiracy instruction, “Beck and Cruz were charged with conspiracy to murder, not conspiracy to commit a lesser crime that resulted in murder.

22020–2023
Park v. Bd. of Trs. of the Cal. State Univ. green
cal · 2017
2 sentences

2022Standards of Review “We review de novo the grant or denial of an anti-SLAPP motion” and “exercise independent judgment in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity.” (Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769 , 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, “[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently.” (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4th at p. 26 ; see Neurelis, supra, at p. 786.) “ ‘In addi

2021Standards of Review “We review de novo the grant or denial of an anti-SLAPP motion” and “exercise independent judgment in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity.” (Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769 , 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, “[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently.” (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4th at p. 26 ; see Neurelis, supra, at p. 786.) “ ‘In addi

22021–2022
Rusheen v. Cohen green
cal · 2006
2 sentences

2021There, the Court of Appeal concluded the gravamen of the cross-complaint was a conspiracy to enforce the judgment (a noncommunicative act) that had been obtained by use of perjured declarations of service. ( Rusheen, supra, 37 Cal.4th at pp. 1061-1062.) But the operative cross- complaint had abandoned a conspiracy claim, leaving only the filing of the perjured declarations of service as the allegedly wrongful conduct.

2013The majority argues that Rusheen v. Cohen (2006) 37 Cal.4th 1048 [ 39 Cal.Rptr.3d 516 , 128 P.3d 713 ] (Rusheen) is distinguishable because it applied the litigation privilege to postjudgment enforcement activities, but here defendants were obstructing rather than enforcing the judgment.

22013–2021
People v. Palmer green
cal · 2001
2 sentences

2020Therefore, the conspiracy exception, to the extent it 21 remains viable (see People v. Palmer (2001) 24 Cal.4th 856, 860-865 ), does not apply ( Pahl, supra, 226 Cal.App.3d at pp. 1657-1660).

2015However, even in the context of conspiracy claims, the Supreme Court has “conclude[d] that the rule of consistency is a vestige of the past with no continuing validity.” (People v. Palmer (2001) 24 Cal.4th 856, 858 .) Even if the conspiracy exception were still viable, it would not apply here.

22015–2020
Taye Addisu Mokhtar Al-Saeed Ghassan Abu Hemdeh v. Fred Meyer, Inc., a Delaware Corporation green
ca9 · 2000
2 sentences

2018B&B and Paylock joined in the City’s brief; there is no indication the Parking Citation Assistance Center is independent of the City. 2 All undesignated statutory references are to the Vehicle Code. 2 On appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court erred in granting the demurrer as to the conspiracy claim because defendants “agreed to a plan that would allow City agent [B&B] and Paylock to boot and seize vehicles, and keep surplus proceeds from sale.” The SAC alleges the meetings took place in 2013–2015, but the SAC alleges the “black chev” was sold in 2010, before the alleged formation of the c

2018On appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court erred in granting the demurrer as to the conspiracy claim because defendants "agreed to a plan that would allow City agent [B&B] and Paylock to boot and seize vehicles, and keep surplus proceeds from sale." The SAC alleges the meetings took place in 2013-2015, but the SAC alleges the "black chev" was sold in 2010, before the alleged formation of the conspiracy . 3 Therefore, assuming there were proceeds left over from the sale that could have been used to pay the unpaid parking tickets, any failure of defendants to do so *764 in 2010 was not "an ac

22018–2018
People v. Morante green
cal · 1999
22017–2017
Wolf v. Walt Disney Pictures and Television green
calctapp · 2008
22015–2015
Richard B. LeVine, Inc. v. Higashi green
calctapp · 2005
22013–2014
Hazelwerdt v. Industrial Indemnity Exchange green
calctapp · 1958
22001–2001
People v. Washington green
cal · 1969
21980–1994
People v. Morales green
calctapp · 1968
21980–1988
Adams v. Superior Court green
calctapp · 2011
12026–2026
Stueve v. Berger Kahn green
calctapp · 2013
12026–2026
People v. Chiu red
cal · 2014
12024–2024
Endres v. Moran green
calctapp · 2006
12023–2023
People v. Cortez green
cal · 1998
12023–2023
Neal v. Superior Court green
calctapp · 2001
12022–2022
People v. Young green
cal · 2005
12022–2022
United States v. Claiborne green
ca9 · 1986
12022–2022
People v. Von Villas green
calctapp · 1992
12022–2022
Taylor v. Regents of University of California green
ca9 · 1993
12022–2022
Lukovsky v. City and County of San Francisco green
ca9 · 2008
12022–2022
People v. Bland green
cal · 2002
12021–2021
Armin v. Riverside Community Hospital green
calctapp · 2016
12021–2021
Fahlen v. Sutter Central Valley Hospitals green
cal · 2014
12021–2021
People v. Davis green
calctapp · 1988
12020–2020
Forum Insurance v. Devere Ltd. green
cacd · 2001
12019–2019
Gray1 CPB, LLC v. SCC Acquisitions, Inc. green
calctapp · 2015
12019–2019
Palmer v. Zaklama green
calctapp · 2003
12016–2016
Wawanesa Mutual Ins. Co. v. Matlock green
calctapp · 1997
12016–2016
Mattel, Inc. v. Luce, Forward, Hamilton & Scripps green
calctapp · 2002
12016–2016
Orloff v. Metropolitan Trust Co. green
cal · 1941
12016–2016
Chavers v. Gatke Corp. green
calctapp · 2003
12015–2015
Jones v. Wells Fargo Bank green
calctapp · 2003
12015–2015
People v. Swain green
cal · 1996
12015–2015

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 452 (11) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 187 (9) CA § Cal. Civil Code § 1714.10 (8) CA § Cal. Civil Code § 3439 (6) USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (6) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 352 (5) CA § Cal. Civil Code § 47 (4) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 1220 (4) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 182 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 122 (1943–2026) CA 114 (1946–2026) AL 35 (1977–2017) IL 33 (1976–2026) OH 28 (1996–2025) NY 28 (1921–2025) PA 24 (1985–2026) VA 18 (1992–2026) NC 18 (1963–2022) GA 18 (1984–2025) FL 16 (1971–2024) MO 16 (1965–2023) TN 15 (2002–2021) LA 15 (1997–2022) MI 12 (1975–2026) NM 11 (1942–2025) NJ 11 (1959–2025) WI 10 (1983–2025) WA 10 (1972–2026) KS 8 (1996–2023) MA 8 (1979–2026) DE 8 (1999–2024) KY 8 (1922–2024) CT 7 (1974–2022) HI 7 (2010–2024) CO 7 (1981–2018) IA 6 (1981–2019) MS 5 (1999–2019) MD 5 (1972–2020) VT 4 (2002–2024) SC 4 (2005–2023) MT 4 (1930–2022) WY 4 (1977–2024) DC 3 (1980–2022) NE 3 (2007–2019) WV 3 (2009–2024) MN 3 (1984–2026) AZ 3 (1994–2002) SD 3 (2008–2010) RI 3 (2004–2026) OK 3 (1948–2006) UT 2 (2003–2018) IN 2 (1982–1984) ID 2 (1986–2011) AK 2 (1981–2021) OR 2 (1992–2006)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check