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15 New York opinions name it 7 courts 1982–2025 3 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
People v. De Bourgreen2 sentences2025The constitutionality of police actions is usually reviewed under the four-tier framework of People v. De Bour , 40 NY2d 210 [1976]. 2025The constitutionality of police actions is usually reviewed under the four-tier framework of People v. De Bour , 40 NY2d 210 [1976]. | 5 | 13 |
People v. Hollmangreen2 sentences2012IV Contrary to defendant’s further contention that he was de facto arrested without probable cause, we conclude that the deputies’ actions were at all times in compliance with the four-tier analysis set forth in People v De Bour ( 40 NY2d 210, 223 [1976]; see People v Moore, 6 NY3d 496, 498-499 [2006]; People v Hollman, 79 NY2d 181, 184-185 [1992]). 2012IV Contrary to defendant’s further contention that he was de facto arrested without probable cause, we conclude that the deputies’ actions were at all times in compliance with the four-tier analysis set forth in People v De Bour ( 40 NY2d 210, 223 [1976]; see People v Moore, 6 NY3d 496, 498-499 [2006]; People v Hollman, 79 NY2d 181, 184-185 [1992]). | 5 | 9 |
People v. Mooregreen2 sentences2012IV Contrary to defendant’s further contention that he was de facto arrested without probable cause, we conclude that the deputies’ actions were at all times in compliance with the four-tier analysis set forth in People v De Bour ( 40 NY2d 210, 223 [1976]; see People v Moore, 6 NY3d 496, 498-499 [2006]; People v Hollman, 79 NY2d 181, 184-185 [1992]). 2012IV Contrary to defendant’s further contention that he was de facto arrested without probable cause, we conclude that the deputies’ actions were at all times in compliance with the four-tier analysis set forth in People v De Bour ( 40 NY2d 210, 223 [1976]; see People v Moore, 6 NY3d 496, 498-499 [2006]; People v Hollman, 79 NY2d 181, 184-185 [1992]). | 3 | 3 |
People v. Lopezgreen1 sentence2012In any event, any error in admitting the statements that defendant made to his friend is harmless because he made similar statements to the deputies, which we have determined were properly admitted, and, “in light of the totality of the evidence, there is no reasonable possibility that the error affected the jury’s verdict” (People v Douglas, 4 NY3d 777, 779 ; see People v Lopez, 16 NY3d 375, 386-387 ). -8- 411 KA 11-00150 IV Contrary to defendant’s further contention that he was de facto arrested without probable cause, we conclude that the deputies’ actions were at all times in compliance wi | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
People v. Wells
green
2 sentences2004The lowest level of intrusion in approaching an individual to request information is permitted where there exists some objective credible reason for the interference not necessarily indicative of criminality ( see id. ; see also People v Hollman , 79 NY2d 181 ; People v Wells , 226 AD2d 406 ). 2003The lowest level of intrusion in approaching an individual to request information is permitted where there exists some objective credible reason for the interference not necessarily indicative of criminality (see id.; see also People v Hollman, 79 NY2d 181 ; People v Wells, 226 AD2d 406 ). | 2 | 2003–2004 |
People v. Douglas
green
1 sentence2012In any event, any error in admitting the statements that defendant made to his friend is harmless because he made similar statements to the deputies, which we have determined were properly admitted, and, “in light of the totality of the evidence, there is no reasonable possibility that the error affected the jury’s verdict” (People v Douglas, 4 NY3d 777, 779 ; see People v Lopez, 16 NY3d 375, 386-387 ). -8- 411 KA 11-00150 IV Contrary to defendant’s further contention that he was de facto arrested without probable cause, we conclude that the deputies’ actions were at all times in compliance wi | 1 | 2012–2012 |
People v. Elliot
neutral
1 sentence1993Similarly, the strict application by some of the principle, stated in People v Howard ( 50 NY2d 583 ), that when an individual flees from an officer making a lawful inquiry the officer may not, without probable cause, pursue the individual but may only unobtrusively observe the individual, has generated much confusion by fostering an unrealistic approach to rapidly escalating street encounters (see, e.g., People v Elliot, 162 AD2d 609 , lv denied 76 NY2d 856 ; People v Rodriguez, 178 AD2d 381 ). | 1 | 1993–1993 |
People v. Kato
green
1 sentence1993Similarly, the strict application by some of the principle, stated in People v Howard ( 50 NY2d 583 ), that when an individual flees from an officer making a lawful inquiry the officer may not, without probable cause, pursue the individual but may only unobtrusively observe the individual, has generated much confusion by fostering an unrealistic approach to rapidly escalating street encounters (see, e.g., People v Elliot, 162 AD2d 609 , lv denied 76 NY2d 856 ; People v Rodriguez, 178 AD2d 381 ). | 1 | 1993–1993 |
People v. Howard
green
1 sentence1993Similarly, the strict application by some of the principle, stated in People v Howard ( 50 NY2d 583 ), that when an individual flees from an officer making a lawful inquiry the officer may not, without probable cause, pursue the individual but may only unobtrusively observe the individual, has generated much confusion by fostering an unrealistic approach to rapidly escalating street encounters (see, e.g., People v Elliot, 162 AD2d 609 , lv denied 76 NY2d 856 ; People v Rodriguez, 178 AD2d 381 ). | 1 | 1993–1993 |
Nicholson v. . the Erie Railway Co.
green
1 sentence1982Co., 41 NY 525 .) Under existing legal principles the determination of liability founded upon negligence is based on a four-tier analysis. | 1 | 1982–1982 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.