general exclusionary rule in Maryland

13 Maryland opinions name it 2 courts 1976–2023 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Maryland courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

Case	Followed	Cited
Thompson v. Stategreen md · 2010 · cited in 2 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023 2 sentences 2023See Thompson, 412 Md. at 503–04 (acknowledging and discussing the rule established in Vogel). 2023See Thompson, 412 Md. at 503–04 (acknowledging and discussing the rule established in Vogel).	2	2
Ross v. Stategreen md · 1976 · cited in 6 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1978–1992 2 sentences 1990The handling of the so-called “exceptions” by Ross and its progeny is a textbook example of what Professor Stone referred to as this “somewhat arbitrary collection of historically accepted rules.” Ross states, 276 Md. at 669-670 , 350 A.2d 680 : “There are exceptions to this general exclusionary rule which, perhaps, are equally well-recognized. 1990The handling of the so-called “exceptions” by Ross and its progeny is a textbook example of what Professor Stone referred to as this “somewhat arbitrary collection of historically accepted rules.” Ross states, 276 Md. at 669-670 , 350 A.2d 680 : “There are exceptions to this general exclusionary rule which, perhaps, are equally well-recognized.	1	6
Terry v. Stategreen md · 1993 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2	1	1
State v. Wernergreen md · 1985 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992See, e.g., State v. Werner, 302 Md. 550, 556-557 , 489 A.2d 1119, 1122-1123 (1985); Ross v. State, 276 Md. 664, 669-670 , 350 A.2d 680, 684 (1976). 1992See, e.g., State v. Werner, 302 Md. 550, 556-557 , 489 A.2d 1119, 1122-1123 (1985); Ross v. State, 276 Md. 664, 669-670 , 350 A.2d 680, 684 (1976).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Maryland. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (14)

Case	Cited	Years
King v. State green md · 2013 2 sentences 2021Id. at 484 , 76 A.3d at 1042 . 2021Id. at 484 , 76 A.3d at 1042 .	1	2021–2021
Emory v. State green mdctspecapp · 1994 1 sentence 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, *125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2	1	2003–2003
Carter v. State green md · 2001 2 sentences 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2	1	2003–2003
Wilkerson v. State green mdctspecapp · 2001 2 sentences 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2	1	2003–2003
Ayers v. State green md · 1994 2 sentences 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2 2003Carter, 366 Md. at 583 , 785 A.2d 348 ; Ayers, 335 Md. at 631-32 , 645 A.2d 22 . “ ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted ... if it is substantially relevant to some contested issue in the case and if it is not offered to prove the defendant’s guilt based on propensity to commit crime or his character as a criminal.’ ” Emory v. State, 101 Md.App. 5 .85, 602, 647 A.2d 1243 (1994), cert. denied, 337 Md. 90 , 651 A.2d 855 (1995) (citation omitted; emphasis suppled); see Terry, 332 Md. at 334 , 631 A.2d 424 ; Wilkerson v. State, 125 139 Md.App. 557, 570 , 776 A.2d 685 , cert. denied, 366 Md. 2	1	2003–2003
Cross v. State green md · 1978 2 sentences 1994With the existence of so many exceptions to the general exclusionary rule, we have recognized that the exceptions "appear to swallow the rule." Cross, supra, 282 Md. at 473 , 386 A.2d 757 . 1994With the existence of so many exceptions to the general exclusionary rule, we have recognized that the exceptions "appear to swallow the rule." Cross, supra, 282 Md. at 473 , 386 A.2d 757 .	1	1994–1994
Berger v. State green md · 1941 2 sentences 1990Thus, evidence of other crimes may be admitted when it tends to establish (1) motive, (2) intent, (3) absence of mistake, (4) a common scheme or plan embracing the commission of two or more crimes so related to each other that proof of one tends to establish the other, and (5) the identity of the person charged with the commission of a crime on trial____ Additional exceptions have also been recognized: When the several offenses are so connected in point of time or circumstances that one cannot be fully shown without proving the other, and to show a passion or propensity for illicit sexual rela 1990Thus, evidence of other crimes may be admitted when it tends to establish (1) motive, (2) intent, (3) absence of mistake, (4) a common scheme or plan embracing the commission of two or more crimes so related to each other that proof of one tends to establish the other, and (5) the identity of the person charged with the commission of a crime on trial____ Additional exceptions have also been recognized: When the several offenses are so connected in point of time or circumstances that one cannot be fully shown without proving the other, and to show a passion or propensity for illicit sexual rela	1	1990–1990
State v. Jones green md · 1979 2 sentences 1980Under the facts of the case, however, we held, Judge Cole speaking for the Court, that the State failed to prove a single inseparable plan encompassing the offenses and did not establish "that the various acts constituting the offenses naturally relate to one another by time, location, circumstances and parties so as to give rise to the conclusion that they are several stages of a continuing transaction." 284 Md. at 243 . 1980Under the facts of the case, however, we held, Judge Cole speaking for the Court, that the State failed to prove a single inseparable plan encompassing the offenses and did not establish "that the various acts constituting the offenses naturally relate to one another by time, location, circumstances and parties so as to give rise to the conclusion that they are several stages of a continuing transaction.” 284 Md. at 243 .	1	1980–1980
Francis Ray Robinson v. United States green ca10 · 1966 2 sentences 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F. 2d 1071 (9th Cir. 1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F. 2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U. S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F. 2d 915 (2d Cir. 1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F. 2d 575 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U. S. 1009 (1967). 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F.2d 1071 (9th Cir.1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F.2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F.2d 915 (2d Cir.1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F.2d 575 (10th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009 (1967).	1	1976–1976
United States v. Andrew A. Williams green ca2 · 1972 2 sentences 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F. 2d 1071 (9th Cir. 1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F. 2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U. S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F. 2d 915 (2d Cir. 1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F. 2d 575 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U. S. 1009 (1967). 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F.2d 1071 (9th Cir.1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F.2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F.2d 915 (2d Cir.1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F.2d 575 (10th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009 (1967).	1	1976–1976
United States v. Jake Frank Richardson green ca8 · 1973 2 sentences 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F. 2d 1071 (9th Cir. 1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F. 2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U. S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F. 2d 915 (2d Cir. 1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F. 2d 575 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U. S. 1009 (1967). 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F.2d 1071 (9th Cir.1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F.2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F.2d 915 (2d Cir.1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F.2d 575 (10th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009 (1967).	1	1976–1976
United States v. Armando Martinez Valencia green ca9 · 1974 2 sentences 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F. 2d 1071 (9th Cir. 1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F. 2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U. S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F. 2d 915 (2d Cir. 1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F. 2d 575 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U. S. 1009 (1967). 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F.2d 1071 (9th Cir.1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F.2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F.2d 915 (2d Cir.1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F.2d 575 (10th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009 (1967).	1	1976–1976
Rosemont Enterprises, Inc. v. Random House, Inc. green scotus · 1967 2 sentences 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F. 2d 1071 (9th Cir. 1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F. 2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U. S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F. 2d 915 (2d Cir. 1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F. 2d 575 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U. S. 1009 (1967). 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F.2d 1071 (9th Cir.1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F.2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F.2d 915 (2d Cir.1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F.2d 575 (10th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009 (1967).	1	1976–1976
Ferrari v. Henderson green scotus · 1973 2 sentences 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F. 2d 1071 (9th Cir. 1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F. 2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U. S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F. 2d 915 (2d Cir. 1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F. 2d 575 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U. S. 1009 (1967). 1976It rests this contention primarily on a quartet of federal cases, United States v. Valencia, 492 F.2d 1071 (9th Cir.1974), United States v. Richardson, 477 F.2d 1280 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 843 (1973), United States v. Williams, 470 F.2d 915 (2d Cir.1972), and Robinson v. United States, 366 F.2d 575 (10th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009 (1967).	1	1976–1976

Where else courts name it

AL 161 (1977–2026) LA 36 (1975–2017) MI 25 (1976–2026) MN 22 (1965–2016) MD 13 (1976–2023) IL 12 (1967–1999) CA 9 (1955–2010) MO 8 (1970–2025) IN 7 (1974–2005) GA 5 (1970–2019) RI 5 (2000–2010) WI 4 (1957–2006) TX 4 (1986–2015) CT 3 (1989–2007) NY 3 (1972–2013) PA 3 (1978–2022) FL 3 (1980–2009) NJ 2 (2024–2025) CO 2 (2021–2021) AZ 2 (2010–2010) KY 2 (2018–2024) WV 2 (1994–2022) VA 2 (1984–1987) KS 2 (1992–1995)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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