82 Texas opinions name it 4 courts 1985–2026 5 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Apex Towing Co. v. Tolingreen2 sentences2022The court reasoned that, “in the area of limitations, bright-lines rules generally represent the better approach, and that the policy reasons underlying the Hughes rule appropriately balance the competing concerns of the need to bar stale claims and avoid prejudice to defendants yet preserve a reasonable opportunity for plaintiffs to pursue legitimate claims.” Id. 2022The court reasoned that, “in the area of limitations, bright-lines rules generally represent the better approach, and that the policy reasons underlying the Hughes rule appropriately balance the competing concerns of the need to bar stale claims and avoid prejudice to defendants yet preserve a reasonable opportunity for plaintiffs to pursue legitimate claims.” Id. | 16 | 28 |
Hughes v. Mahaney & Higginsgreen2 sentences2020Rather than toll limitations indefinitely for every potential malpractice claimant who seeks post-conviction relief, the Court should simply follow the Hughes rule and toll limitations only “until all appeals on the underlying claim are exhausted.” Hughes, 821 S.W.2d at 157 . 2020Rather than toll limitations indefinitely for every potential malpractice claimant who seeks post-conviction relief, the Court should simply follow the Hughes rule and toll limitations only “until all appeals on the underlying claim are exhausted.” Hughes, 821 S.W.2d at 157 . | 8 | 17 |
Murphy v. Campbellgreen2 sentences2022We previously declined to broaden the Hughes exception to limitations, see Murphy v. Campbell, 964 S.W.2d 265, 272 (Tex. 1997), and we decline to do so again today. 2022We previously declined to broaden the Hughes exception to limitations, see Murphy v. Campbell, 964 S.W.2d 265, 272 (Tex. 1997), and we decline to do so again today. | 6 | 12 |
Gulf Coast Investment Corp. v. Browngreen2 sentences2020In Gulf Coast Investment Corp. v. Brown, the Texas Supreme Court extended the Hughes rule to toll limitations during the pendency of a third-party suit rather than an appeal. 821 S.W.2d 159, 160 (Tex. 1991). 2020In Gulf Coast Investment Corp. v. Brown, the Texas Supreme Court extended the Hughes rule to toll limitations during the pendency of a third-party suit rather than an appeal. 821 S.W.2d 159, 160 (Tex. 1991). | 4 | 7 |
Swift v. Seidlergreen2 sentences2001See Eiland v. Turpin, Smith, Dyer, Saxe & McDonald, 16 S.W.3d 461, 469 (Tex.App. — El Paso 2000, pet. filed); Brents v. Haynes & Boone, L.L.P., 10 S.W.3d 772, 777-78 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2000, pet. filed); Nunez v. Caldarola, 2 S.W.3d 755, 759 (Tex.App.— Corpus Christi 1999, pet. filed); Swift v. Seidler, 988 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1999, pet. denied); Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapa, 988 S.W.2d 460, 462-63 (Tex.App. — Corpus Christi 1999, no pet.). 2000But see Swift v. Seidler, 988 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1999, no pet. h.); Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapa, 988 S.W.2d 460, 461-62 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1999, no pet. h.); Apex Towing Company v. Tolin 997 S.W.2d 903 (Tex.App.—Beaumont 1999, no pet. h.). 3 Following Hughes , we find the statute of limitations was facially tolled on Edwards’ attorney malpractice claim until the exhaustion of his appeal, August 1, 1995. | 4 | 6 |
Sanchez v. Hastingsgreen2 sentences2007The supreme court applied the Hughes rule phrase “claim that results in litigation” broadly in Sanchez, 898 S.W.2d at 288 ; Hughes, 821 S.W.2d at 157 . 2007The supreme court applied the Hughes rule phrase “claim that results in litigation” broadly in Sanchez, 898 S.W.2d at 288 ; Hughes, 821 S.W.2d at 157 . | 3 | 4 |
The Vacek Group, Inc. v. Clarkgreen2 sentences2018Applying this court's holding in Burnap [ v. Linnartz , 914 S.W.2d 142 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995) ], we refuse to extend the Hughes tolling doctrine to the facts of the instant case."); Murphy v. Mullin, Hoard & Brown, L.L.P. , 168 S.W.3d 288 , 292-93 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (stating that "[a]lthough we recognize that the citations contained in Apex create some ambiguity regarding application of the Hughes rule to cases arising from transactional work, we are persuaded by the Houston First Court of Appeals's analysis of Hughes , Murphy , and Apex and agree that alleged attorney malpr 2018Applying this court's holding in Burnap [ v. Linnartz , 914 S.W.2d 142 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995) ], we refuse to extend the Hughes tolling doctrine to the facts of the instant case."); Murphy v. Mullin, Hoard & Brown, L.L.P. , 168 S.W.3d 288 , 292-93 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (stating that "[a]lthough we recognize that the citations contained in Apex create some ambiguity regarding application of the Hughes rule to cases arising from transactional work, we are persuaded by the Houston First Court of Appeals's analysis of Hughes , Murphy , and Apex and agree that alleged attorney malpr | 3 | 4 |
Kelly v. Stategreen2 sentences2010See Kelly v. State , 60 S.W.3d 299, 302 (Tex. App. - Dallas 2001, no pet.) (finding no Hughes violation when "although the State 'suspected' its witness could turn, it had no reason to know this for certain"). 2010See Kelly v. State, 60 S.W.3d 299, 302 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no pet.) (concluding that impeachment evidence need not be excluded under Hughes partly because “there were sources of the critical evidence other than the hearsay testimony”). | 3 | 3 |
Murphy v. MULLIN, HOARD AND BROWN, LLPgreen2 sentences2018Applying this court's holding in Burnap [ v. Linnartz , 914 S.W.2d 142 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995) ], we refuse to extend the Hughes tolling doctrine to the facts of the instant case."); Murphy v. Mullin, Hoard & Brown, L.L.P. , 168 S.W.3d 288 , 292-93 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (stating that "[a]lthough we recognize that the citations contained in Apex create some ambiguity regarding application of the Hughes rule to cases arising from transactional work, we are persuaded by the Houston First Court of Appeals's analysis of Hughes , Murphy , and Apex and agree that alleged attorney malpr 2018Applying this court's holding in Burnap [ v. Linnartz , 914 S.W.2d 142 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995) ], we refuse to extend the Hughes tolling doctrine to the facts of the instant case."); Murphy v. Mullin, Hoard & Brown, L.L.P. , 168 S.W.3d 288 , 292-93 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (stating that "[a]lthough we recognize that the citations contained in Apex create some ambiguity regarding application of the Hughes rule to cases arising from transactional work, we are persuaded by the Houston First Court of Appeals's analysis of Hughes , Murphy , and Apex and agree that alleged attorney malpr | 2 | 6 |
Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapagreen2 sentences2000Murphy also understood the Hughes rule to be based on the consideration that requiring a client to file a malpractice claim against the lawyer representing him in another case would make it virtually impossible for the lawyer to continue to represent him. *468 Norman, 988 S.W.2d at 462 . 2000Murphy also understood the Hughes rule to be based on the consideration that requiring a client to file a malpractice claim against the lawyer representing him in another case would make it virtually impossible for the lawyer to continue to represent him. *468 Norman, 988 S.W.2d at 462 . | 2 | 5 |
Sexton v. Mount Olivet Cemetery Ass'ngreen2 sentences2011See Sexton v. Mount Olivet Cemetary Ass'n , 720 S.W. 2d 129 , 137-38 (Tex. App.-Austin 1986, writ refd n.r.e.) (explaining that a state agency has no power other than one expressly granted by statute or implied as necessary to exercise a power expressly granted); Pierce v. Tex. Racing Comm'n , 212 S.W.3d 745 , 751-52 (Tex. App.-Austin 2006, pet. denied) (indicating that the TRC is a state agency). 2011See Sexton v. Mount Olivet Cemetary Ass'n , 720 S.W. 2d 129 , 137-38 (Tex. App.-Austin 1986, writ refd n.r.e.) (explaining that a state agency has no power other than one expressly granted by statute or implied as necessary to exercise a power expressly granted); Pierce v. Tex. Racing Comm'n , 212 S.W.3d 745 , 751-52 (Tex. App.-Austin 2006, pet. denied) (indicating that the TRC is a state agency). | 2 | 2 |
Nunez v. Caldarolagreen2 sentences2011Mullin, 168 S.W.3d at 291 (citing Nunez v. Caldarola, 56 S.W.3d 812, 815 (Tex.App.Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.)). 2011Mullin, 168 S.W.3d at 291 (citing Nunez v. Caldarola, 56 S.W.3d 812, 815 (Tex.App.Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.)). | 2 | 2 |
Swain v. Stategreen2 sentences2010See, e.g., Swain v. State , 181 S.W.3d 359, 365 (Tex. Crim. 2010See, e.g., Swain v. State, 181 S.W.3d 359, 365 (Tex. Crim. | 2 | 2 |
Hughes v. Autrygreen2 sentences2006See id. 2006See id. | 2 | 2 |
Brents v. Haynes & Boone, L.L.P.green2 sentences2001See Eiland v. Turpin, Smith, Dyer, Saxe & McDonald, 16 S.W.3d 461, 469 (Tex.App. — El Paso 2000, pet. filed); Brents v. Haynes & Boone, L.L.P., 10 S.W.3d 772, 777-78 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2000, pet. filed); Nunez v. Caldarola, 2 S.W.3d 755, 759 (Tex.App.— Corpus Christi 1999, pet. filed); Swift v. Seidler, 988 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1999, pet. denied); Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapa, 988 S.W.2d 460, 462-63 (Tex.App. — Corpus Christi 1999, no pet.). 2000See Swift, 988 S.W.2d at 862 ; Norman, 988 S.W.2d at 463 ; Apex Towing Co., 997 S.W.2d at 905 ; Nunez, 2 S.W.3d at 759 ; Brents , at 777-78. | 2 | 2 |
Nunez v. Caldarolagreen2 sentences2001Nunez, 2 S.W.3d at 759 . 2001See Eiland v. Turpin, Smith, Dyer, Saxe & McDonald, 16 S.W.3d 461, 469 (Tex.App. — El Paso 2000, pet. filed); Brents v. Haynes & Boone, L.L.P., 10 S.W.3d 772, 777-78 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2000, pet. filed); Nunez v. Caldarola, 2 S.W.3d 755, 759 (Tex.App.— Corpus Christi 1999, pet. filed); Swift v. Seidler, 988 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1999, pet. denied); Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapa, 988 S.W.2d 460, 462-63 (Tex.App. — Corpus Christi 1999, no pet.). | 1 | 4 |
Hughes v. Stategreen2 sentences2011In a Hughes analysis, the district court must inquire into the extent of the State's knowledge of whether the witness would testify unfavorably and whether the State's purpose for eliciting the evidence was legitimate or was instead being offered "under the guise of impeachment for the primary purpose of placing before the jury evidence which was not otherwise admissible." See Hughes v. State , 4 S.W.3d 1, 5 (Tex. Crim. 2011In a Hughes analysis, the district court must inquire into the extent of the State's knowledge of whether the witness would testify unfavorably and whether the State's purpose for eliciting the evidence was legitimate or was instead being offered "under the guise of impeachment for the primary purpose of placing before the jury evidence which was not otherwise admissible." See Hughes v. State , 4 S.W.3d 1, 5 (Tex. Crim. | 1 | 2 |
Pierce v. Texas Racing Commissiongreen2 sentences2011See Sexton v. Mount Olivet Cemetary Ass'n , 720 S.W. 2d 129 , 137-38 (Tex. App.-Austin 1986, writ refd n.r.e.) (explaining that a state agency has no power other than one expressly granted by statute or implied as necessary to exercise a power expressly granted); Pierce v. Tex. Racing Comm'n , 212 S.W.3d 745 , 751-52 (Tex. App.-Austin 2006, pet. denied) (indicating that the TRC is a state agency). 2011See Sexton v. Mount Olivet Cemetary Ass'n , 720 S.W. 2d 129 , 137-38 (Tex. App.-Austin 1986, writ refd n.r.e.) (explaining that a state agency has no power other than one expressly granted by statute or implied as necessary to exercise a power expressly granted); Pierce v. Tex. Racing Comm'n , 212 S.W.3d 745 , 751-52 (Tex. App.-Austin 2006, pet. denied) (indicating that the TRC is a state agency). | 1 | 2 |
Sharpe v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallasgreen2 sentences2007Junell and A & K cite Sharpe v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas in support of their contention that the Hughes rule does not apply to Whitsett’s legal malpractice claims. 97 S.W.3d 791, 796-97 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2003, pet. denied). 2007Junell and A & K cite Sharpe v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas in support of their contention that the Hughes rule does not apply to Whitsett’s legal malpractice claims. 97 S.W.3d 791, 796-97 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2003, pet. denied). | 1 | 2 |
J.M.K. 6, Inc v. Gregg & Gregg, P.C.green2 sentences2026See J.M.K. 6, Inc. v. Gregg & Gregg, P.C., 192 S.W.3d 189, 198 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.). 2026See J.M.K. 6, Inc. v. Gregg & Gregg, P.C., 192 S.W.3d 189, 198 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.). | 1 | 1 |
Provident Life & Accident Insurance Co. v. Knottgreen1 sentence2023To “obtain traditional summary judgment on a limitations defense, the defendant must conclusively prove (1) when the cause of action accrued, and (2) that the plaintiff brought its suit later than the applicable number of years thereafter—i.e., that ‘the statute of limitations has run.’” Draughon v. Johnson, 631 S.W.3d 81 , 89 (Tex. 2021) (quoting Provident Life & Acc. Ins. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 220 (Tex. 2003)). | 1 | 1 |
Pollard v. HANSCHENgreen2 sentences2022Pollard v. Hanschen, 315 S.W.3d 636, 640 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). 2022Pollard v. Hanschen, 315 S.W.3d 636, 640 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). | 1 | 1 |
Stults v. Stategreen1 sentence2022Because this case does not involve the second provision of Article 36.22 or any complaint about communication with the jury, we do not believe Laws is entitled to any Ocon/Hughes presumption.5 This is because the “defendant’s burden is not satisfied if there is no showing what a reported conversation was about.” Hendrix v. State, No. 05-18-00822-CR, 2020 WL 3424915 , at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 23, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication)6 (citing Stults v. State, 23 S.W.3d 198, 207 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref’d)). | 1 | 1 |
| Dale Fulmer v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Rogers v. Ricane Enterprises, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Texas a & M University-Kingsville v. Lawsongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Hoover v. Gregorygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Guillot v. Smithgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Richard Alan Haase v. Abraham, Watkins, Nichols, Sorrels, Agosto and Friend LLPgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Damian v. Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Brents v. Haynes & Boone, L.L.P.green | 1 | 1 |
| Choy v. GRAZIANO ROOFING OF TEXAS, INC.green | 1 | 1 |
| Barley v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Pruitt v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Willis v. Maverickgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Smith v. McKinneygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Ponder v. Brice & Mankoffgreen | 1 | 1 |
| National Stock Yards Nat. Bank v. Valentinegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Eiland v. Turpin, Smith, Dyer, Saxe & McDonaldgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Hall v. Stephensongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Swift v. Seidlergreen2 sentences2001See Eiland v. Turpin, Smith, Dyer, Saxe & McDonald, 16 S.W.3d 461, 469 (Tex.App. — El Paso 2000, pet. filed); Brents v. Haynes & Boone, L.L.P., 10 S.W.3d 772, 777-78 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2000, pet. filed); Nunez v. Caldarola, 2 S.W.3d 755, 759 (Tex.App.— Corpus Christi 1999, pet. filed); Swift v. Seidler, 988 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1999, pet. denied); Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapa, 988 S.W.2d 460, 462-63 (Tex.App. — Corpus Christi 1999, no pet.). 2000But see Swift v. Seidler, 988 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1999, no pet. h.); Norman v. Yzaguirre & Chapa, 988 S.W.2d 460, 461-62 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1999, no pet. h.); Apex Towing Company v. Tolin 997 S.W.2d 903 (Tex.App.—Beaumont 1999, no pet. h.). 3 Following Hughes , we find the statute of limitations was facially tolled on Edwards’ attorney malpractice claim until the exhaustion of his appeal, August 1, 1995. | 1 | 6 |
Burnap v. Linnartzgreen2 sentences2018Applying this court's holding in Burnap [ v. Linnartz , 914 S.W.2d 142 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995) ], we refuse to extend the Hughes tolling doctrine to the facts of the instant case."); Murphy v. Mullin, Hoard & Brown, L.L.P. , 168 S.W.3d 288 , 292-93 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (stating that "[a]lthough we recognize that the citations contained in Apex create some ambiguity regarding application of the Hughes rule to cases arising from transactional work, we are persuaded by the Houston First Court of Appeals's analysis of Hughes , Murphy , and Apex and agree that alleged attorney malpr 2018Applying this court's holding in Burnap [ v. Linnartz , 914 S.W.2d 142 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995) ], we refuse to extend the Hughes tolling doctrine to the facts of the instant case."); Murphy v. Mullin, Hoard & Brown, L.L.P. , 168 S.W.3d 288 , 292-93 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (stating that "[a]lthough we recognize that the citations contained in Apex create some ambiguity regarding application of the Hughes rule to cases arising from transactional work, we are persuaded by the Houston First Court of Appeals's analysis of Hughes , Murphy , and Apex and agree that alleged attorney malpr | 1 | 2 |
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Apex Towing Co. v. Tolin
green
2 sentences2001Citing Murphy , the court concluded that “the [Supreme] Court has subsequently narrowed the tolling provision to situations where the client is continuing to use the same lawyer in the pending litigation.” Id. 2001Citing Murphy , the court concluded that “the [Supreme] Court has subsequently narrowed the tolling provision to situations where the client is continuing to use the same lawyer in the pending litigation.” Id. | 3 | 2000–2001 |
Nowak v. Pellis
green
2 sentences2020See Gulf Coast, 821 S.W.2d at 160 ; Nowak v. Pellis, 248 S.W.3d 736 , 740–41 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (applying the Hughes rule to toll limitations until all litigation ended on the underlying medical malpractice claim, including the dismissal of a separate bill of review suit against one of the defendants); see also Skelton v. Gray, No. 18-0386, 2020 WL 868122 , at *4-5 (Tex. February 21, 3 The only case Graves cites in his appellate brief is Hughes v. Mahaney & Higgins, 821 S.W.2d 154 (Tex. 1991). - 10 - 04-18-00771-CV 2020) (holding the limitations period for a legal ma 2020See Gulf Coast, 821 S.W.2d at 160 ; Nowak v. Pellis, 248 S.W.3d 736 , 740–41 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (applying the Hughes rule to toll limitations until all litigation ended on the underlying medical malpractice claim, including the dismissal of a separate bill of review suit against one of the defendants); see also Skelton v. Gray, No. 18-0386, 2020 WL 868122 , at *4-5 (Tex. February 21, 3 The only case Graves cites in his appellate brief is Hughes v. Mahaney & Higgins, 821 S.W.2d 154 (Tex. 1991). - 10 - 04-18-00771-CV 2020) (holding the limitations period for a legal ma | 2 | 2019–2020 |
Reata Construction Corp. v. City of Dallas
green
2 sentences2019I agree with that result, but not with the Court's analysis, which misapprehends both governmental immunity and our holding in Reata Construction Corp. v. City of Dallas , 197 S.W.3d 371 (Tex. 2006). 2019I agree with that result, but not with the Court’s analysis, which misapprehends both governmental immunity and our holding in Reata Construction Corp. v. City of Dallas, 197 S.W.3d 371 (Tex. 2006). | 2 | 2019–2019 |
Miranda v. State
green
2 sentences2011However, in the context of the other objections Polston was making at the time, this appears to be more of a generalized hearsay objection and was not specific enough to put the district court on notice that Polston was making a Hughes complaint. (7) See Miranda , 813 S.W.2d at 737 -38 . 2011However, in the context of the other objections Polston was making at the time, this appears to be more of a generalized hearsay objection and was not specific enough to put the district court on notice that Polston was making a Hughes complaint.7 See Miranda, 813 S.W.2d at 737-38 . | 2 | 2011–2011 |
In the Interest of A.D.
green
2 sentences2001I would also note, that the supreme court in addressing The Interest of A.D., 8 S.W.3d 466 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 2000, pet. granted) could also consider the impact of today's decision that seeks to retroactively eliminate all limitation periods for child support arrearage. [6] This is especially true in child support cases where the burden of proof quickly and easily shifts to the respondent to prove the actual payments made. 2001I would also note, that the supreme court in addressing The Interest of A.D., 8 S.W.3d 466 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 2000, pet. granted) could also consider the impact of today's decision that seeks to retroactively eliminate all limitation periods for child support arrearage. [6] This is especially true in child support cases where the burden of proof quickly and easily shifts to the respondent to prove the actual payments made. | 2 | 2001–2001 |
Young v. United States
green
2 sentences2020Congress must be presumed to draft limitations periods in light of this background principle.” Young v. United States, 535 U.S. 43 , 49–50 (2002) (Scalia, J.) (citations and quotation marks omitted). 4 of crossing that line and intruding on the legislative power by replacing the Legislature’s judgments about the appropriate limitations period with the Court’s. 2 The Hughes rule is well-established, but it is nevertheless a judicial departure from statute. 2020Congress must be presumed to draft limitations periods in light of this background principle.” Young v. United States, 535 U.S. 43 , 49–50 (2002) (Scalia, J.) (citations and quotation marks omitted). 4 of crossing that line and intruding on the legislative power by replacing the Legislature’s judgments about the appropriate limitations period with the Court’s. 2 The Hughes rule is well-established, but it is nevertheless a judicial departure from statute. | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| Charles J. Hughes v. Tom Green County green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| In re Shulman green | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| Woods v. William M. Mercer, Inc. green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| Texas Department of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Willis v. Maverick green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Black v. Wills green | 1 | 1996–1996 |
| Aduddell v. Parkhill green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Crawford v. State green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.